Tyrimo objektas: paauglių delinkventinio elgesio sąsajos su saviverte ir empatija. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti paauglių delinkventinio elgesio, savivertės ir empatijos sąsajas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti paauglių delinkventinio elgesio ypatumus. 2. Nustatyti paauglių savivertės rodiklius. 3. Ištirti paauglių empatijos rodiklius. 4. Palyginti merginų ir vaikinų delinkventiško elgesio, savivertės, empatijos rodiklius. Hipotezės. 1. Tikėtina, kad kuo didesni delinkventinio elgesio pasireiškimai, tuo mažesnis savivertės bei empatijos lygis. 2. Vaikinų delinkventiško elgesio ir savivertės rodikliai yra aukštesni negu merginų. 3. Merginų empatijos lygis yra didesnis negu vaikinų. Išvados: 1. Nustatyta, kad dažniausiai pasitaikanti delinkventinio elgesio forma yra namų darbų nusirašinėjimas, o rečiausiai - smulkios vagystės, negrįžimas namo per naktį bei patyčios. 2. Gauti rezultatai atskleidė, dauguma mokinių turi aukštą ir šiek tiek mažiau vidutinę savivertę. 3. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, galima teigti, jog mergaičių empatijos rodikliai yra aukštesni nei berniukų. 4. Ieškant statistiškai reikšmingų skirtumų tarp lyčių, išsiaiškinta, kad vaikinų delinkventinis elgesys daug stipriau išreikštas negu merginų, Rasti statistiškai reikšmingi muštynių mokykloje, patyčių ir ginklo į mokyklą atsinešimo skirtumai. Atlikus tyrimą, paaiškėjo, kad tiek berniukams, tiek mergaitėms būdingesnis aukštas ir vidutinis savęs vertinimas. Tačiau statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of work: adolescent‘s delinquent behaviour connection with self – esteem and empathy. Goal: to estimate adolescent‘s delinquent behaviour connection with self – esteem and empathy. Objectives: 1. To establish adolescent‘s delinquent behaviour rates. 2. To establish adolescent‘s self – esteem rates. 3. To establish adolescent‘s empathy rates. 4. To compare boys‘s and girls‘s delinquent behaviour, self – esteem and empathy rates. Hypothesis: 1. The higher level of delinquent behaviour predicted the lower level of empathy and self - esteem. 2. Boys have higher delinquent behaviour and self - esteem rates than girls. 3. Girls empathy‘s level is higher than boys. Conclusions: 5. It was estimated that commonly occured form of delinquent behaviour is homework crib, and rarely – picking and stealing, running away from home and bullying. 6. Data analysis showed that majority of pupils have high and lightly less – middle self esteem. 7. According to research analysis, girl‘s empathy rates are hiher than boys. 8. Searching for statistically significant differences of gender, it was found out that boy‘s delinquent behaviour was more pronounced than girl‘s. There was statistically significant diferrences in fights at school, bullies and taking gun to school. After research, it was revealed that majority of pupils have high or middle self - esteem. However, statistically significant diferrence between boy‘s and girl‘s self esteem was not estimated. Also, it was revealed that... [to full text]

Thesis deals with the legislation of institutional care for delinquent youth and the possibilities of saving measures in response to wrongdoing committed by adolescents or otherwise of a criminal offense a child younger than 15 years. The work also includes analysis of the situation and socio-pathological development of young people after leaving the institutional care. The last part deals with implementation of the Early Intervention System and Youth team as an effective tool in combating children and adolescents crime in the Czech Republic.

The current study was designed to explore profiles of reactive and proactive aggression in two distinct juvenile offender populations, in a group of juvenile offenders who have been adjudicated for illegal sexual behavior (n = 138) and in a group of juvenile offenders adjudicated for general delinquent behavior (n = 243). This is the first study of its kind to investigate profiles of aggression in a population of juveniles adjudicated for illegal sexual behavior. Preliminary profile analyses indicated that the two juvenile offender populations had similar profiles of aggression overall. Two step cluster analysis results were generally consistent with previous research (Crapanzano, Frick, & Terranova, 2010; Marsee et al., 2014) with 3 groups emerging for both overt and relational aggression: a combined group high on both reactive and proactive aggression, a group high in reactive aggression alone, and a low overall group. Post hoc comparisons of the clusters revealed that the high combined group consistently demonstrated higher reports of emotional and behavioral dysfunction supporting the hypothesis that the presence of proactive aggression serves more as an indicator of severity rather than as representing a qualitatively distinct group in and of itself. Policy implications regarding sex offender registration and notification laws extended to juveniles are discussed.

Forced truancy is a risk factor that influences juvenile behavior, requiring the joint efforts of school authorities, parents, and courts to address. It is a phenomenon where students desire attending school, but for reasons beyond their control, they are prohibited from attending classes. Some of these reasons are teachers' strike action, students' poverty, lack of educational infrastructures, and unsafe educational environment. Teachers' strike is a frequent occurrence in southeastern Nigeria caused by irregular payment of teachers' wages, benefits, and other remunerations. This case study of 3 secondary schools in southeastern Nigeria sought to understand the impact of forced truancy by examining the relationship between forced truancy and youth delinquency. Although previous studies have explored the causes of truancy, few studies have addressed the effect of forced truancy created by incessant teachers' strike. The theoretical framework that guided this study included Hirschi's social bond theory and Merton's social structure. Case studies were developed using data from the participants and review of documents. A maximum variation method was used for data collection through semi-structured that resulted in a review of archival records and open-ended interviews with students (S = 9), teachers (T = 8), and principals (SP = 4). Descriptive case analysis were used to identify common themes and patterns using constant comparative techniques. Implications for positive social change include identifying areas that need improvement and recommending to legislators and education policy makers for the best approach to addressing the problem, where it has the potential to eliminate teachers' strike, reduce youth truancy, and improve student's academic performance.

Officials in the juvenile and public education systems are working to address the education gap for incarcerated juveniles and to implement turning point programs. The purpose of the phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of previously incarcerated young adults and their perceptions of graduation success and long-term juvenile incarceration. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, Merton and Agnew's general strain theory, Homan's theory of exchange, and life course theory informed this study. Research questions were developed to understand the experiences and perceptions of young adults related to graduation success during or after juvenile incarceration. Convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify 10 young adults who experienced juvenile incarceration and completed high school with a high school diploma or GED. In-depth interviews were conducted to understand the participants' lived experiences and how they were able to overcome their challenges and succeed academically. A combination of a priori and open coding was used to support inductive analysis. Eight themes were identified: challenges of incarceration, support systems, overcoming patterns, turning points, juvenile justice staff, advice to other young offenders, experiences of incarceration, and graduation success. Recommendations include enhanced training for staff members in schools and facilities and conducting a follow-up study to assess the continued success of young adults in this study. Positive social change contributions include identifying ways incarcerated juveniles can be reengaged in schooling and continuing education to decrease recidivism and enhance productive citizenship.

Many social workers are unaware of their responsibilities related to African American, male, juvenile delinquents who have gang affiliation. Punishment by detention is detrimental to these youth because detention perpetuates criminal careers and does not rehabilitate juvenile offenders. The purpose of this action research study was to determine how social workers understood their role in the rehabilitation of gang-affiliated, African American, male juvenile delinquents. Differential association theory was used as the conceptual framework to understand the detriment of youth being incarcerated without rehabilitation. One focus group of 5 social workers was formed using purposive sampling of social workers who worked with the juvenile delinquent population in different settings. Manual transcription, hand coding, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Participants explained why social workers see the population of African American, male, juvenile delinquents with gang involvement as vulnerable, reasons for gang affiliation, barriers to treatment, and how to engage this population. Findings include strategies to promote positivity within urban environments, foster a sense community in these areas, and engage clients. Recommendations were made to advocate for policy change, incorporate the arts into intervention, and to create urban beautification programs. Findings and recommendations from this study might bring about social change by providing insight into how social workers understand their role in the rehabilitation of the population of African American, male, juvenile delinquents with gang involvement and what can be done to enhance the social work involvement.

General strain theory has received a fair amount of empirical support and theoretical elaboration over the past several years. Since the introduction of general strain theory, Agnew and others have attempted to increase the comprehensiveness of the processes involved in strain theory. Until recently, the general strain theory literature has ignored what Agnew and associates (Agnew, Brezina, Wright, & Cullen, 2002) argue may be one of the most important conditioning effects of the strain-crime relationship, namely the dispositions or personality traits of the individual experiencing strain. Recently, Agnew and associates (2002) published results from a study examining the conditioning effects of personality traits (i.e., negative emotionality and low constraint) on the strain-delinquency relationship. Their findings indicated that certain personality traits significantly condition the effect of strain on delinquency. Research has suggested that more severe personality and behavioral traits, such as psychopathy, also influence criminality. The present study examined moderating effects of both personality dispositions and psychopathic behavioral features among a sample of 137 youths referred to juvenile diversion by the court system. The results suggest that personality dispositions and psychopathic behavioral features do not significantly moderate the strain-delinquency relationship. In addition, this study conducted ad hoc analyses examining whether or not delinquency significantly increases the likelihood that subsequent strain and delinquency will result (i.e., a state dependence explanation (see Nagin & Farrington, 1992; Nagin & Paternoster, 1991)). Moderating effects of personality and psychopathy were also included in this model. Further, the role of strain as a mediator for the personality and psychopathy link to delinquency was tested. The findings suggest that delinquency exacerbated subsequent strain and delinquency levels among these youths. Personality and psychopathic features did not moderate the strain-delinquency relationship. Strain did not significantly moderate the personality-delinquency relationship. Limitations and implications for future research and policy are discussed.

This study hypothesized that fathers and surrogates (male role models) contribute a unique set of factors that help guide African American male youths (N=496) during their normal developmental stages. This study hypothesized that surrogate caregivers would have an impact on the overall level of delinquent behavior of this population. A path analysis tested direct and mediated effects of exposure to violence on delinquent behavior, with anger/aggression level as a potential mediator for all three levels of caregiver presence or absence as a moderator. In the analysis of archival data from 496 African American male youths, the findings did not support these hypotheses consistently. Exposure to family violence as a mediator consistently predicted level of anger, and level of anger negatively predicted delinquent behavior for the fatherless sample. However, exposure did not have a direct positive effect on delinquent behavior in any of the three samples. Implications of these findings as well as other unpredicted findings with these three groups are explored.

Viena iš nepalankių Lietuvos kriminalinės situacijos tendencijų yra nusikaltimų, padarytų nepilnamečių arba jiems dalyvaujant, skaičiaus didėjimas. Nors pastaraisiais metais nepilnamečių padarytų nusikaltimų rodikliai tapo stabilesni, tačiau jie vis dėlto yra nemaži. Kita akivaizdi Lietuvos nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo tendencija – mažėjantis nusikaltėlio amžius. Vis dažniau įstatymus pažeidžia jaunesni nei 14 metų vaikai. Be to, sunkėja nepilnamečių padarytų nusikaltimų pobūdis. Vaikų elgesys daugiausiai priklauso nuo socializacijos proceso sėkmės. Socializacija – tai procesas, kurio metu individai išmoksta ir įsisavina tam tikros kultūros tinkamus požiūrius, vertybes, įsitikinimus ir elgesio būdus. Šis procesas vyksta visą gyvenimą. Individą veikia iš esmės visi veiksniai, tačiau sociologai labiau linkę akcentuoti tik tam tikrus socializacijos institutus, turinčius ypač didelę reikšmę individo formavimuisi – tai šeima, mokykla, žiniasklaida, draugai. Sociologai diskutuoja, kuris iš šių socializacijos faktorių yra reikšmingiausias, tačiau tikriausiai nekyla abejonių, kad šeima yra pirmoji socialinė struktūra, perteikianti tam tikrus elgesio modelius. Tai pat labai svarbus yra nepilnamečių užimtumas – kuo mažiau yra užimti vaikai laisvalaikio metu, tuo didesnė galimybė, kad jie bus įtraukti į nusikalstamą veiklą. Būtent šiems nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo aspektams yra skirtas šis darbas. Tyrimo objektas: Vilniaus miesto ir rajono pataisos inspekcijos įskaitoje esantys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / One of the alarming crime tendencies in Lithuania is that of the increasing number of juvenile crimes. Although recently the number of crimes committed by teenagers has become more stable, it is still a serious problem. Another obvious tendency of the youth crime is the age of the criminals, which is decreasing constantly. It is more and more common that those who commit crimes are even under the age of fourteen. What is more, the character of these crimes is more complex and adverse. The behavior of the youth mostly depends on how successful they are in the process of socialization. Socialization is a process during which individuals acquire certain cultural attitudes, values, and behavior patterns, and which continues lifelong. The individuals are influenced by different factors; however, most sociologists claim that family and friends, education and media are of key importance in ones upbringing. They also discuss which of these factors are the most significant; however there are no doubts that family is the main structural body conveying certain modes of behavior. Another very important point is after class activities – too much of the spare time causes the fact that more and more teenagers are involved into criminal activities. Namely these aspects of delinquency are going to be observed in this paper. The object of the paper: the delinquents on the record of Vilnius Probation inspection. Methods: comparative, statistical, historical and experimental: based on... [to full text]

Nepilnamečių nukrypstamas elgesys kelią didelių problemų visuomenėje. Jis dažnai perauga į rimtesnius teisės pažeidimus, o tai įtakoja kriminogeninius reiškinius visuomenėje ir sudaro problemas visoje socialinėje sistemoje. Vaikai augantys globos namuose susiduria su neigiama socializacija šeimos aplinkoje, institucinio ugdymo specifika, visuomenės požiūriu ir kitais neigiamais faktoriais, kas vienaip ar kitaip įtakoja socialinių normų perėmimo sudėtingumą. Visuomenėje nepilnamečių nusikalstamumas išlieka aktualia problema visuomenėje, ir išlaiko gana aukštus rodiklius nusikalstamumo statistikoje. Todėl svarbu sukurti efektyvias prevencines programas, kurios užkirstų kelią delinkventinio elgesio pasireiškimams bei nusikalstamumo formavimuisi, sutelkiant dėmesį į ankstyvąją prevenciją ir efektyvų jos įgyvendinimą, atitinkantį ugdymo dalyvių lūkesčius. Darbo tikslas: apžvelgti vaikų globos namuose taikomas delinkventinio elgesio prevencijos priemones ir atskleisti auklėtojų ir auklėtinių vertinimą bei tobulinimo prielaidas jų atžvilgiu. Darbo uždaviniai: Išanalizuoti delinkventiškumo sampratą ir apžvelgti pagrindines delinkventinį elgesį aiškinančias teorijas; apžvelgti socialinius veiksnius, galinčius turėti įtakos, delinkventiniam elgesiui; apžvelgti globos įstaigoje taikomas delinkventinio elgesio prevencines priemones; atlikus tyrimą atskleisti vaikų globos namų auklėtojų ir auklėtinių vertinimą ir lūkesčius delinkventinio elgesio prevencijos tobulinimo atžvilgiu. Tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Inappropriate juvenile behavior causes serious problems in the society. Such behavior often leads to more serious offenses which have an impact on criminogenic phenomenon in the society, and create social problems in the whole social system. Children living in care homes are faced with negative socialization in the family environment, peculiarities of institutional development, society‘s attitude and other negative factors which one way or another have an influence on the adoption of social norms. Juvenile delinquency remains a topical issue in the society, and the rate of such offences is fairly high according to the crime statistics. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective prevention programs that would help to prevent delinquent behavior and formation of delinquency, focusing on early prevention and its effective implementation according to the expectations of the participants of the prevention program. The aim of the paper – to review measures preventing delinquent behavior that are applied in the child care home and to reveal corresponding evaluation of those measures by educators and pupils, and suggestions for improvement. The tasks of the paper – to analyze the concept of delinquency and review the basic theories explaining the delinquent behavior; to review social factors that may have an influence on delinquent behavior; to review measures preventing delinquent behavior that are applied at the care home; to carry out a research and reveal the... [to full text]