Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-03T12:57:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Kampus Mantovani.pdf: 1595454 bytes, checksum: a9a8343759b3c32c9b7faaef37728012 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T12:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Kampus Mantovani.pdf: 1595454 bytes, checksum: a9a8343759b3c32c9b7faaef37728012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The practice of the class assembly is an opportunity to live the democratic life, involving the transformation of interpersonal relations. Through the dialogue, all participants have the opportunity to express their opinion on conflicts or issues of interest to the group, finding solutions to problems and enabling reflective thinking about actions and reactions of everyday events. This research focus on analyzing the practice of class assembly in Elementary School 2 of a private school, as well as the conception, importance, characteristics, fundamentals and benefits of this experience for the democratic process, having as main references Michael Apple , Josep Puig, Ulisses Araújo, Telma Vinha and Jean Piaget. The research had a qualitative approach and the instrument used was the semistructured interview, where it was analyzed the practice of the class assembly in Elementary School 2, in a private school in the west zone of the capital of the State of São Paulo, being explored the benefits of the assembly looking for reflecting on the real possibility of the assembly bring together the school and the democratic experience. From the analysis of the interviews, it was concluded that the assembly made it possible to regulate interpersonal relations within the school environment and, in some cases, outside school's cases, as well as the in-school democratic experience, although the assembly in 2016 did not have been performed with the frequency proposed by Araújo and Puig / A prática da assembleia de classe constitui-se como oportunidade à vivência da vida democrática, atuando na transformação das relações interpessoais. Por meio do diálogo, todos os participantes têm a oportunidade de expressar a sua opinião sobre conflitos ocorridos ou assuntos de interesse do grupo, encontrando soluções para os problemas e viabilizando o pensamento reflexivo sobre ações e reações de fatos do cotidiano. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo analisar a prática de assembleia de classe no Ensino Fundamental 2 de uma escola da rede particular, bem como a concepção, importância, características, fundamentos e benefícios dessa experiência para a vivência do processo democrático, tendo como principais referências Michael Apple, Josep Puig, Ulisses Araújo, Telma Vinha e Jean Piaget. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e o instrumento utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada, onde foi analisada a prática da assembleia de classe no Ensino Fundamental 2, em uma escola particular da zona oeste da capital do Estado de São Paulo, sendo explorados os benefícios desta com o intuito de refletir sobre a possibilidade da assembleia possibilitar, de fato, uma aproximação entre a escola e a vivência democrática. A partir da análise de resultados, concluiu-se que a assembleia possibilitou a regulação das relações interpessoais dentro do ambiente escolar e, em alguns casos, fora também, apesar da assembleia, no ano de 2016, não ter sido realizada com a frequência proposta por Araújo e Puig

Esta pesquisa bibliográfica procura investigar os trabalhos pedagógicos de Moisey Mikhaylovich Pistrak na Escola Lepechinski, em Moscou - Rússia -, e Anton Semiónovitch Makarenko na Colônia Gorki, em Poltava e Khárkov - Ucrânia. Ambas experiências retratam o momento histórico de construção da União Soviética, na primeira década após a Revolução de Outubro. Tanto na educação escolar de Pistrak como na educação não escolar de Makarenko, as relações entre trabalho - como atividade constitutiva da condição humana - e educação se estabeleceram de maneira muito clara, caracterizando os modelos adotados por esses educadores como pedagogias críticas, de um caráter social e ligadas à realidade dos educandos. A formação de sujeitos autônomos, criativos e integrados a uma sociedade que valoriza o trabalho coletivo se constituiu no objetivo principal de cada um desses educadores. O presente trabalho procura destacar esses aspectos da pedagogia socialista de Pistrak e Makarenko, buscando contribuir para uma reflexão acerca dos valores da educação contemporânea e das características democráticas como fundamentos para a gestão educacional. / This research was made to study, in books, pedagogical work done by Moisey Mikhaylovich Pistrak in Lepechinski School, Moscow, Russia, and Anton Semiónovitch Makarenko in Gorki Colony, Poltava and Kharkov, Ukraine. Their experiments were held during the historical period of building Soviet Union, in the first decade post October Revolution. Both of their schoolarship educational programs, work relationships , as human constitutive conditon, and education had been stablished, were done in very clear basis, setting theirs as a criticism model of pedagogy, connecting the reality of the studentes in a stated social character. Autonomy, creative and integration among the individuals valued their team work providing autonomy to people. This work intends to highlight the socialist Pistrak and Makarenko aspects, in order to contribute to a valued contemporaty education and the democratic characteristics as educational administration basis.

O presente trabalho busca compreender como ocorre a relação entre a educação democrática e a formação de identidade juvenil no âmbito da autonomia e do protagonismo, por meio da realização de um estudo de caso em uma escola democrática. Buscou-se caracterizar a relação do estudante que se conecta ao aprendizado sem um adulto dominante dirigindo o processo de aprendizado, e como essa liberdade impacta sua vida escolar e a formação de sua identidade autônoma e o protagonista. Interessou conhecer o estudante e sua integral relação com os sistemas simbólicos culturais, possibilitando uma abordagem sobre currículo e sua relação com a construção de identidades juvenis sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais, cujas contribuições de Stuart Hall, importante teórico dos Estudos Culturais que trata das identidades, foram imprescindíveis. Para isso, além da revisão bibliográfica dos principais temas abordados, foi realizada também uma pesquisa experimental com estudantes, corpo docente e estrutura de uma escola da região metropolitana de São Paulo que se assume como escola democrática. Foi também realizada a coleta de uma pequena parte de dados em uma escola tradicional privada na mesma região. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas utilizando a técnica do grupo focal; entrevistas individuais com corpo docente; observações; análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola objeto de estudo; coleta de dados a partir do uso de redações nessa escola e em uma segunda escola, sendo essa de modelo tradicional. No que se refere à análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin, e foram construídas três categorias e um conjunto de indicadores para cada uma delas, que serviram de base para a análise. Os resultados mostram que há indícios de protagonismo e autonomia nos estudantes da escola democrática. O currículo da escola prevê uma série de ferramentas que contribuem para a participação e diálogo. Porém, não é possível afirmar que a autonomia e o protagonismo sejam características exclusivas de estudantes desta escola, conforme visto na comparação entre as redações dos estudantes da escola democrática e da escola tradicional. Outro aspecto importante é a capacidade de construção coletiva destes estudantes, o que sugere que os estudantes desta escola estejam construindo uma identidade que se preocupa com as relações sociais, com o entorno e com a importância da convivência coletiva pautada nas regras e no respeito, uma vez que eles deliberam temas em assembleias e praticam a escuta atenciosa nos diversos campos de diálogo que a escola oferece / This study aimed to understand the relationship between democratic education and formation of juvenile identity in the scope of autonomy and protagonism, through a case study in a democratic school. It was sought to characterize the relationship of students with the learning process without the guidance of a dominant adult, and how this freedom impacts their school life and the formation of their autonomous identity and protagonism. The students and their integral relationship with the cultural symbolic systems were analyzed, allowing us to approach the curriculum and its relationship with the construction of juvenile identities from the perspective of Cultural Studies, for which the contributions of Stuart Hall, an important Cultural Studies theorist who deals with identities, were essential. For this, in addition to the bibliographic review of the main themes discussed, experimental research on students, faculty, and structure was also carried out in a democratic school in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and some data were also collected in a private traditional school in the same region. Data collection was done through interviews using the focal group technique; individual interviews with the faculty; comments; analysis of the Pedagogical Political Project of the school under study; and data collection from essays in this school and in a traditional model school. The content analysis of Larence Bardin was used to analyze the data, and three categories were established and a set of indicators was created for each of them, which served as a basis for the analysis. The results show that the democratic school students have some protagonism and autonomy and that the curriculum of this school provides a series of tools that contribute to participation and dialogue; however, it is not possible to affirm that the autonomy and protagonism are the exclusive characteristics of students of this school, as seen by comparing the essays of the democratic school students with those of the traditional school students. Another important aspect in the democratic school is the students collective construction capacity, which suggests they have built an identity concerned with social relationships, environment and importance of collective coexistence based on rules and respect as they discuss themes in meetings and practice attentive listening in the several fields of dialogue the school offers

The aim of this study is to acquire knowledge regarding democratic education in upper secondary school programmes with different gender and social class profiles. It covers the teaching in and about democracy, pupils’ power-positions and their attempts to affect routine school activities. A particular focus of attention was processes of influence, through which the pupils themselves pursue issues in school. The analysis is based on theories and previous research focused on gender and class perspectives of fostering democracy. Basil Bernstein’s theories regarding power, control and pedagogic codes, in combination with feminist theories (principally those of Arnot, Reay, Skeggs, Gordon and Walkerdine), form the basis of the theoretical framework. Ethnographic methods have been applied, including participatory observations, conversations, interviews, and analysis of relevant documents over one academic year. Two Swedish upper secondary school classes were followed: one from the vocational Child and Recreation Programme and one from the academic Natural Science Programme. Teaching students about democracy and invitations for them to exert influence appeared generally to be unplanned and were marginalised in school. The few invitations that occurred had an individual stamp and focused on pupils’ choices, responsibilities and duties, rather than on their rights in school. Democracy was presented in the form of facts about formal democracy and formal participation in democracy in the future, while a more critical   attitude and possible influence strategies for youths were marginalised. Pupils in both classes wished and attempted to influence teaching, primarily through informal means. There were, however, significant differences between the classes in what they were able to influence. Analysis of pupils’ voices in relation to the pedagogic context revealed that the power relationships in these influence processes depend partly on the focal academic subject. More   importantly, they also differ between the upper secondary school programs, which differ in strength of classification (sensu Bernstein), demands, pace and difficulty levels. These   differences are related, in turn, to whether the programmes are intended to prepare the pupils for higher education and/or a vocation after school. Generally, the Child and Recreation pupils exerted influence more successfully when they wished to reduce the pace and difficulty of lessons than when they wished to get more out of their education, while the opposite applied to the Natural Science class. Who had influence over what was principally   related to the programmes’ gender and class profiles and the pupils’ expected positions in society. / Ett aktivt medborgarskap? Om demokratifostran i gymnasieskolan

The overarching theme of this thesis concerns the possibility of balancing the values of unity and pluralism in education in developed nation states characterized by an increasing pluralism when it comes to the beliefs and values of its citizens. The author suggests that democracy has a normative basis in the principle of reciprocity which can be supported in an overlapping consensus by reasonable persons who differ in their moral, religious and philosophical beliefs. It is argued that this basis mandates a deliberative kind of democracy and that certain implications follow for how to understand the relation between democracy and individual rights, between democracy and religious belief and speech, and between rationality and deliberation, among other things. The author proceeds to discuss three educational issues in relation to the principle of reciprocity and its implications: 1. The legitimacy and content of a mandatory citizenship education, 2. Children’s rights to develop personal autonomy, 3. The opportunity for parents and children to choose which school children attend. These issues are important in relation to the question of how to balance unity and pluralism in education in that they concern the promotion of certain common beliefs, values and dispositions among citizens or the creation of a system of choice between schools with different profiles. The purpose of the discussion is to construct a theoretical position which balances the values of unity and pluralism in education, by giving diversity its due (contra communitarianism) while upholding a measure of unity (contra libertarianism and radical multiculturalism) which is located in the democratic and autonomy- promoting purposes of education rather than (exclusively) in its economic/vocational purposes (contra neo-liberalism). The discussions make use of political philosophy, educational philosophy and empirical research carried out by other researchers.

abstract: This study examines the experiences of participants enrolled in an online community college jazz history course. I surveyed the participants before the course began and observed them in the online space through the duration of the course. Six students also participated in interviews during and after the course. Coded data from the interviews, surveys, and recorded discussion posts and journal entries provided evidence about the nature of interaction and engagement in learning in an online environment. I looked for evidence either supporting or detracting from a democratic online learning environment, concentrating on the categories of student engagement, freedom of expression, and accessibility. The data suggested that the participants' behaviors in and abilities to navigate the online class were influenced by their pre-existing native media habits. Participants' reasons for enrolling in the online course, which included convenience and schedule flexibility, informed their actions and behaviors in the class. Analysis revealed that perceived positive student engagement did not contribute to a democratic learning environment but rather to an easy, convenient experience in the online class. Finally, the data indicated that participants' behaviors in their future lives would not be affected by the online class in that their learning experiences were not potent enough to alter or inform their behavior in society. As online classes gain popularity, the ability of these classes to provide meaningful learning experiences must be questioned. Students in this online jazz history class presented, at times, a façade of participation and community building but demonstrated a lack of sincerity and interest in the course. The learning environment supported accessibility and freedom of expression to an extent, but students' engagement with their peers was limited. Overall, this study found a need for more research into the quality of online classes as learning platforms that support democracy, student-to-student interaction, and community building. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music Education 2011

A presente dissertação quer avaliar o sentido e o valor da educação libertadora a partir da noção da experiência comunitária, uma experiência que seja democrática e, por isso, informe um espírito cidadão nos educandos. Partiremos das contribuições teóricas de Paulo Freire e Moacir Gadotti. Avaliaremos a influência da leitura que faz Anísio Teixeira da obra de John Dewey, e sua consequente influência na construção da educação democrática postulada por Freire. De maneira similar, construiremos o texto considerando as experiências de Anísio Teixeira e o Centro Educacional Carneiro Ribeiro: Escola Parque, na Bahia, em 1950; consequentemente a esta experiência histórica, elencaremos a proposta de um projeto de educação comunitária contemporâneo, um projeto desenvolvido em escolas municipais de Boa Vista, Roraima. / This dissertation wants to assess the meaning and value of liberating education from the concept of community experience, an experience that is democratic and, therefore, inform a spirit citizen in students. We leave the theoretical contributions of Paulo Freire and Moacir Gadotti. Evaluate the influence of reading that Anísio Teixeira makes the work of John Dewey, and its consequent influence on the construction of democratic education postulated by Freire. Similarly, we will build the text considering the experiences of Anísio Teixeira and Centro Educacional Carneiro Ribeiro: Escola Parque, in Bahia, in 1950; consequently this historical experience, listed the proposal for a project of contemporary community education, a project developed in municipal schools in Boa Vista, Roraima.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre a gestão de Paulo Freire na Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizada a metodologia da história oral, entrevistamos professoras da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo que atuaram durante o período em que Paulo Freire foi secretário de educação desse município. Paulo Freire foi principal teórico brasileiro no campo da educação e também desempenhou o papel de gestor público. Ficou a frente de programas de alfabetização de adultos de governos do nordeste do Brasil e participou da equipe do MEC que pretendia promover o Programa de Alfabetização de Adultos durante o governo João Goulart. Em 1989, participou do governo de Luiza Erundina na prefeitura de São Paulo. Ocupou o cargo de Secretario Municipal de Educação até maio de 1991. Algumas das marcas de sua gestão foram a luta pela construção de uma escola popular e democrática, a conquista de direitos para os professores como a criação do Estatuto do Magistério Municipal, o restabelecimento dos Conselhos de Escola, a organização dos Ciclos nas escolas de ensino fundamental. Durante a pesquisa, foram entrevistadas dez professoras, utilizando-se a metodologia da História Oral. As professoras apresentaram relatos autobiográficos destacando o período em que Freire foi secretário de educação em São Paulo. Assim, registramos visões amplas sobre os eventos ligados à reconstrução democrática que marcaram a sociedade brasileira naquele período. No que tange ao campo educacional, a pesquisa apresenta algumas reflexões acerca da imagem de Paulo Freire e aspectos sobre a memória docente relacionados às condições de trabalho e às relações no interior das escolas. As entrevistadas abordaram temas como participação da comunidade na escola, a relação dos professores e o governo, o funcionamento dos conselhos de escola, entre outros. A pesquisa ainda reflete sobre os impactos de políticas públicas sobre a população a partir da ótica das professoras. / This work presents the research results of oral history conducted by São Paulos County teachers that worked during the period in which Paulo Freire was secretary of education. Paulo Freire was Brazil\'s main theoretician in the area of education and also played the role of public manager. He was in charge of adult literacy programs in many northeast Brazilian states, also attended MEC (Ministry of Education) staff that wanted to promote the Adult Literacy program during the government of João Goulart. In 1989, he took part of Luiza Erundinas government in the city of Sao Paulo. He served as Municipal Secretary of Education until May 1991. Some of the hallmarks of his tenure were the struggle to build a popular and democratic school, the rights of achievements for teachers as the creation of the Municipal Statute of the Magisterium, the restoration of School Councils and the organization of learning cycles in elementary schools. During the research ten teachers were interviewed, using the methodology of oral history. Regarding the educational field, the research presents some reflections about the image of Paulo Freire and the teaching aspects of memory related to working conditions and relations within schools. The interviews covered topics such as community participation in school, the relationship between teachers and Government, the functioning of school boards, among others. The survey also reflects about the public policy impacts on the population from the perspective of the teachers.

As concepções de infância e criança, assim como o lugar social ofertado a elas, vem sendo modificadas ao longo dos anos. Entre o momento em que a infância nem era nomeada ao momento em que se torna objeto de políticas específicas, este estudo busca estabelecer um diálogo e ampliar o debate a respeito da participação e escuta das crianças em contextos educativos, procurando problematizar o que é possível esperar da participação das crianças nestes contextos. Dessa forma, recupera e analisa relatos de experiências em dois projetos educativos diversos, um na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em uma instituição embasada na educação democrática, e outro na cidade italiana de Reggio Emilia, que tem como base conceitual a pedagogia da escuta. Observou-se que apesar de já existirem alguns contextos educativos que concebem as crianças como sujeitos competentes e capazes e buscam garantir sua participação e escuta, a existência destes contextos ainda é vista como um desafio, tanto prático como teórico. / The conceptions of childhood and child, as well as the social place offered to them, have been modified over the years. Between the time when childhood was not named until the moment when it becomes the object of specific policies, this study seeks to establish a dialogue and broaden the debate about participation and listening to children in educational contexts, trying to problematize what can be expected by children\'s participation in these contexts. In this way, it retrieves and analyzes reports of experiences in two different educational projects, one in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, at an institution based on democratic education, and another in the Italian city of Reggio Emilia, whose conceptual basis is listening pedagogy. It was observed that although there are already some educational contexts that conceive children as competent and capable subjects and seek to guarantee their participation and listening, the existence of these contexts is still seen as a challenge, both practical and theoretical.

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