Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 463-488).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-270).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-200).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Loyola University of Chicago, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-277).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 8, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 675-701).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala university, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 290-308).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-236).

This paper aims to examine Belarus and explain why the country has failed to democratize during the period of 2008-2017, but also if there has been any tendency for democratization during this period. The study is conducted through an analysis of underlying and significant factors for initiating the actual democratization process. The factors analysed are internal, external and regional factors. The method that was applied to this study was a case study were theories of democratization were used to analyse Belarus's democratic development and tendencies towards democracy. The study points out that all factors did play a role in the Belarusian democracy development and tendencies for democratization did exist. Belarus has failed to fully democratize as the regime successfully centralizes the power which is controlled through different means and strategies but there has been a tendency for democratization. The tendency for democratization has been through internal factors as there is an existing middle class and there is an existing critical opposition. For the external factors, a tendency has been shown by the snowball effect, as there have been geographically close demonstrations and democratization, and finally for the regional factors, tendencies for democracy could be identified as there is a desire for a return to the west among the population of Belarus.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T17:20:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre.pdf: 389784 bytes, checksum: 59f1781890e7588ac36502477051339a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:30:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre.pdf: 389784 bytes, checksum: 59f1781890e7588ac36502477051339a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre.pdf: 389784 bytes, checksum: 59f1781890e7588ac36502477051339a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O legislador atual do Timor Leste ainda não cumpriu o seu dever obrigatório de editar as leis ordinárias previstas no texto constitucioanal, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à instalação e implementação da política de descentralização político-administrativa em Timor Leste, em consonância com a Constituição nacional. Por esse motivo, o Governo Central ainda acumula todo o poder. Para alterar este quadro, é urgente que o atual legislador ordinário crie leis relativas à descentralização, para que assim possa fortalecer a existência do Poder Local, e, consequentemente, chegar-se à democratização. / Salvador

The main purpose of this study is to understand the historicity of the dynamics of socio-economic changes and the characteristics of social and political mobilization in the case of progressive activists' ongoing search for new strategies of progressive urban community politics in Seoul, South Korea, after the historical conjuncture of democratization and neo-liberal globalization. This study is conducted through participant observation, interviews, and post-fieldwork historical research. By adopting the concept of "multiple-layeredness" as the underlying perspective, this study aims to capture the complexity and hybridity of past and recent socio-economic transformations. The progressive community activists are products of historically specific circumstances of state repression and radical social movements in the 1980s and the 1990s, and the influences of their past activist experiences are visible in their community activism. Historically, the state has been implicated in popular mobilizations for the national goals of economic development and democratization, which resulted in two-party domination in local politics. Under this unfavorable political condition, the community activists seek to acquire their places in public institutions through local elections and to organize grassroots resistance against local "growth machines" by mobilizing various social ties.