The dengue virus has become widespread worldwide in recent decades. It has no specific treatment and affects more than 40% of the entire population in the world. In Thailand, dengue has been a health concern for more than half a century. The highest number of cases in one year was 174,285 in 1987, leading to 1,007 deaths. In the present day, dengue is distributed throughout the entire country. Therefore, dengue has become a major challenge for public health in terms of both prevention and control of outbreaks. Different methodologies and ways of dealing with dengue outbreaks have been put forward by researchers. Computational models and simulations play an important role, as they have the ability to help researchers and officers in public health gain a greater understanding of the virus's epidemic activities. In this context, this dissertation presents a new framework, Modified Agent-Based Modeling (mABM), a hybrid platform between a mathematical model and a computational model, to simulate a dengue outbreak in human and mosquito populations. This framework improves on the realism of former models by utilizing the reported data from several Thai government organizations, such as the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), the National Statistical Office, and others. Additionally, its implementation takes into account the geography of Thailand, as well as synthetic mosquito and synthetic human populations. mABM can be used to represent human behavior in a large population across variant distances by specifying demographic factors and assigning mobility patterns for weekdays, weekends, and holidays for the synthetic human population. The mosquito dynamic population model (MDP), which is a component of the mABM framework, is used for representing the synthetic mosquito population dynamic and their ecology by integrating the regional model to capture the effect of dengue outbreak. The two synthetic populations can be linked to each other for the purpose of presenting their interactions, and the Local Stochastic Contact Model for Dengue (LSCM-DEN) is utilized. For validation, the number of cases from the experiment is compared to reported cases from the Thailand Vector Borne Disease Bureau for the selected years. This framework facilitates model configuration for sensitivity analysis by changing parameters, such as travel routes and seasonal temperatures. The effects of these parameters were studied and analyzed for an improved understanding of dengue outbreak dynamics.

Little is currently known about the spatial-temporal dynamics of dengue epidemics in arid areas. This study assesses dengue outbreaks that occurred in two arid cities of Mexico, Hermosillo and Navojoa, located in northern state of Sonora. Laboratory confirmed dengue cases from Hermosillo (N=2730) and Navojoa (N=493) were geocoded by residence and assigned neighborhood-level characteristics from the 2010 Mexican census. Kernel density and Space-time cluster analysis was performed to detect high density areas and space-time clusters of dengue. Ordinary Least Square regression was used to assess the changing socioeconomic characteristics of cases over the course of the outbreaks. Both cities exhibited contiguous patterns of space-time clustering. Initial areas of dissemination were characterized in both cities by high population density, high percentage of occupied houses, and lack of healthcare. Future research and control efforts in these regions should consider these space-time and socioeconomic patterns.

Introducción: El Dengue es una enfermedad infecciosa, que constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel nacional e internacional, por el incremento del número de casos y que aumentan los casos de morbi-mortalidad en las personas. Objetivo:Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa en enfermería en el incremento del nivel de conocimientos y mejora de prácticas preventivas contra el Dengue en los pobladores adultos de la Asociación Los Claveles – Lurín 2015. Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicativo, de método experimental y de diseño pre – experimental, con una muestra de 30 pobladores adultos de la Asociación “Los Claveles – Lurín”, de selección muestral no probabilístico por conveniencia; la técnica que se utilizó para obtener la recolección de datos fue la encuesta y la guía de observación, como instrumento se utilizó dos cuestionarios estructurados sobre conocimientos y prácticas preventivas con preguntas de opción múltiple; en la intervención educativa se aplicó primero el pre-test, seguido por 2 sesiones educativas y por talleres demostrativos sobre el lavado, tapado hermético de los envases de agua y la conservación de floreros, y posterior a ello se aplicó el post-test; y por último se utilizó una guía de observación para las prácticas preventivas. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 21. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento antes de la intervención educativa fue un nivel medio 77% (23) y después de la intervención educativa fue de alto el 90% (27) y 10% (3) nivel medio dado el valor de T de Student -12,1791 (P=0,00000); y las prácticas preventivas antes de la intervención educativa eran inadecuadas 57% (17) y despúes adecuadas 80% (24) e inadecuadas 20% (6) con un valor de T de Student de -11,9721 (P=0,00000).Conclusión:La aplicación de la intervención educativa tuvo un efecto significativo en el incremento de conocimiento y prácticas preventivas contra el Dengue en los pobladores.

El documento digital no refiere un asesor / Establece la tendencia histórica de los factores en la dinámica del dengue en la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante el período 2008 - 2013. Utilizando un estudio observacional, de tipo descriptivo ecológico. En sus resultados, coincide que en la época de invierno se encuentra el mayor número de casos, pero con presencia durante todo el año; y al paso de los años 2010 y 2012 fueron de mayor incidencia, con una variabilidad en su comportamiento. Las variables ambientales mostraron hallazgos, en el que a más temperatura, con humedad por encima del 70% y escasos vientos, estos provocan condiciones para que pueda existir un incremento en la transmisión de la enfermedad. Además, los picos epidémicos de dengue presentados en los dos primeros períodos de cada año se relacionan en los mismos períodos con los índices de Breteau elevados considerados de alto riesgo, pudiendo influir en la transmisión de la enfermedad. Se comprueba la presencia de los 4 serotipos de virus circulante de dengue en Guayaquil, considerándose la existencia de circulación simultánea de DEN1, DEN2, y DEN4 durante los últimos 3 años. Por la historicidad de lo acontecido anteriormente en Guayaquil sobre la existencia del virus y personas susceptibles con infecciones previas, se ha creado una situación que pone en riesgo de dengue grave en un futuro próximo. / Tesis

Submitted by Dominick Jesus (dominickdejesus@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-12T13:44:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Joel da Silva Cordeiro.pdf: 3200673 bytes, checksum: 312bd542cfc04a8d008964edbf17a151 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-12T13:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Joel da Silva Cordeiro.pdf: 3200673 bytes, checksum: 312bd542cfc04a8d008964edbf17a151 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Dengue virus (DENV) are the etiologic agent of the most important arbovirosis from Tropical and Subtropical region. They are classified as flaviviruses following their genetic and antigenic properties into four groups: DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4. In the last decades, dengue fever has increased its virulence and several factors had been associated to this increasing. Secondary infection and viral factors are the main one implicated to increase of severe form of dengue fever. In this study, were analysed 80 samples of serum from patients with suspect of dengue infection from Boa Vista. We aim to identify the DENV serotypes and genotypes circulating in this city. Eighty samples were inoculated in C6/36 cells. The RNAs were extracted and viral identity was archieved using by Reverse Transcription – Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method developed by Lanciotti et al. (1992). After viral type identification, cDNA was used to PCR with specific primers to gene E. The sequencing was performed on MEGABACE1000 platform. Maximum Likelihood dendrograms were constructed by PhyML 3.0. Branch confidences were calculated using approximated Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Thirty four samples were isolated and identified: 23 DENV1 strains and 11 DENV2 strains, three of them were coinfection. After edition of sequences, 15 fragments with 962nt large of DENV1 and three fragments with 825nt large of DENV2 were used to analysis. DENV1 strains isolated in this study grouped with strains of genotype V, together with strains from Venezuela and Brazil, previously described. DENV2 strains were classified as american/asian genotype, together to Cuba and Taiwan strains. Data obtained shown strong relantionship between Roraima strains and Venezuelan and Caribbean strains. The results help future analysis about DENV evolution and gene flow in Brasil and its relationship with DENV isolated in other regions of American Continent. / Vírus Dengue (DENV) são agentes etiológicos da mais importante arbovirose das regiões tropical e subtropical do planeta. São flavivírus classificados, segundo suas propriedades genéticas e antigênicas, em quatro tipos virais: DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 e DENV4. Nas últimas décadas, o dengue tem aumentado sua virulência e muitos fatores têm sido associados a esse aumento. Infecção secundária e fatores virais são os principais apontados para aumento da ocorrência das formas graves do Dengue. Neste estudo foram analisadas 80 amostras de soros de pacientes com suspeita de infecção pelos vírus dengue, provenientes da cidade de Boa Vista, com intuito de identificar os sorotipos e genótipos circulantes. Oitenta amostras foram inoculadas em células C6/36 de Aedes albopictus. O RNA foi extraído e a identificação do tipo viral foi realizada por transcrição reversa seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) desenvolvida por Lanciotti et al. (1992). Após identificar o tipo viral, o cDNA viral foi submetido à PCR com primers específicos para o gene E. O seqüenciamento das amostras foi realizado na plataforma MEGABACE1000. A reconstrução filogenética foi realizada no programa PhyML 3.0 utilizando o método de Máxima Verossimilhança. A confiabilidade dos ramos foi calculada pelo Teste de Razão de Verossimilhança (aLRT).Do total, 34 amostras foram isoladas e identificadas. Foram 23 cepas de DENV1 e 11 DENV2, sendo 03 casos de co-infecção. Após o seqüenciamento e edição das seqüências, foram obtidos 15 fragmentos de 962nt para DENV1 e 03 fragmentos de 825nt para DENV2. As cepas de DENV1 isoladas neste trabalho formaram clado com o genótipo V, junto com cepas da Venezuela, Brasil, previamente descritas. As cepas de DENV2 foram classificadas como genótipo “Americano/Asiático”, formando um clado com as cepas isoladas de Cuba e de Taiwan. Os dados demonstram uma forte relação entre as cepas isoladas em Roraima e cepas isoladas no Caribe e Venezuela. Os resultados obtidos abrem caminho para novas análises da evolução e fluxo gênico do DENV no Brasil e suas relações com DENV isolados em outras regiões do Continente Americano.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-27 / Objective: To evaluate, from a group of children with suspected dengue fever, an overestimation of this diagnosis, in relation to other acute febrile diseases, mainly leptospirosis, when it is based only on non-specific clinical-epidemiological and laboratory criteria. Methodology: observational, descriptive and analytical cross - sectional study, from the active search of patients with acute febrile illness up to ten days of evolution. Participants were recruited in the Emergency and Infirmary of two pediatric hospitals located in the municipality of Fortaleza (CE), from September / 2015 to March / 2016. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected through questionnaires and the laboratories were evaluated for dengue through immunochromatographic and serological tests, and the negative samples were investigated for Lesptospira sp and Leishmania sp by molecular methods. Data analyzes were performed using the parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) associated with the Tukey Post Hoc. And the categorical variables were evaluated by Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was 95%. The bilateral p-value less than 0.05 (p <0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: the total sample was 99 individuals, with 86 participants validated. 45% of cases were confirmed for dengue, 5% were positive for leptospirosis, 1% for visceral leishmaniasis and 49% presented negative results for these agents, being this group denominated as dengue-like. The comparative analysis showed a great similarity between the subgroups in relation to the analyzed variables. The predominant age group was individuals between three and ten years old. There were no significant gender differences. And, during the analysis of the clinical manifestations, it was observed that in childhood the presence of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms is common, being nausea, vomiting and rhinorrhea, the most frequent ones. Conclusion: Although dengue is an important diagnosis of acute febrile syndrome, it is frequently more prevalent, in detriment to other similar pathologies, such as leptospirosis. Therefore, it is of paramount importance the specific laboratory diagnosis, especially in childhood, due to the lack of specificity of the clinical picture, because although there are clinical-epidemiological similarities among the diseases, they are treated in different ways. Key words: Dengue, leptospirosis, acute febrile syndrome, child. / Objetivo: Avaliar, a partir de um grupo de crianças notificadas com suspeita clínica de dengue, se há uma superestimação desse diagnóstico, em relação à outras patologias febris agudas, principalmente a leptospirose, quando o mesmo é baseado somente nos critérios clínicos-epidemiológicos e testes laboratoriais inespecíficos. Metodologia: estudo observacional, transversal descritivo e analítico, a partir da busca ativa de pacientes com quadro febril agudo até dez dias de evolução. Os participantes foram recrutados na emergência e na enfermaria de dois hospitais pediátricos situados no município de Fortaleza (CE), no período de setembro/2015 a março/2016. Os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram colhidos através de questionários e, os laboratoriais foram avaliados para dengue através dos testes imunocromatográficos, sorológicos, e moleculares, sendo as amostras negativas investigadas para Lesptospira sp e Leishmania sp através de métodos moleculares. As análises dos dados foram realizadas pelo teste paramétrico Análise de Variância (ANOVA) associado ao teste Post Hoc de Tukey. E as variáveis categóricas foram avaliadas pelo teste Qui-Quadrado ou o Teste exato de Fisher. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 95%. O valor de p bilateral menor que 0,05 (p<0,05) foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: a amostra total foi de 99 indivíduos, com 86 participantes validados. Obteve-se 45% de casos confirmados para dengue, 5% foram resultados positivos para leptospirose, 1% para leishmania e 49% apresentaram resultados negativos para esses agentes, sendo este grupo denominado como dengue-símile. A análise comparativa evidenciou grande similaridade entre os subgrupos em relação as variáveis analisadas. A faixa etária predominante foi de indivíduos entre três e dez anos de idade. Não houve diferenças significativas de gênero. E, durante a análise das manifestações clínicas constatou-se que na infância foi comum a presença de sintomas gastrointestinais e respiratórios, sendo náuseas, vômitos e rinorréia, os mais frequentes. Conclusão: Apesar da dengue ser um importante diagnóstico de síndrome febril aguda é frequente ocorrer uma maior valorização desta, em detrimento à outras patologias similares, como a leptospirose. Portanto, é de suma importância o diagnóstico laboratorial específico, principalmente na infância, em virtude da inespecificidade do quadro clínico, pois embora haja similaridade clínica-epidemiológica entre as doenças, são tratadas de modos distintos. Palavravas-chave: Dengue, leptospirose, síndrome febril aguda, criança.

Letters to editor / Revisión por pares

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2519_1.pdf: 3176331 bytes, checksum: a2e5ce0f26d2dfcb458611ac652d5346 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / A dengue é uma doença viral transmitida ao homem pela picada do mosquito Aedes aegypti contaminado. A erradicação do mosquito é extremamente difícil, por isso a implementação e o acompanhamento das medidas de controle do inseto são essenciais. Novos métodos de monitoração do vetor da doença é uma das principais preocupações de vários países tropicais. No estado de Pernambuco, a ocorrência do vetor vem sendo monitorada pelo do uso de ovitrampas, armadilhas especiais para a deposição dos ovos do mosquito e pela contagem de ovos. No entanto, esta contagem é realizada manualmente com o auxílio de lupa ou microscópio. Esta dissertação apresenta uma ferramenta capaz de realizar a aquisição automática das imagens das palhetas das ovitrampas, armazenar as informações, realizar a contagem semi-automática e automática dos ovos. O sistema desenvolvido é baseado em uma plataforma óptica, uma interface homem-máquina, e um software de aquisição de imagem e contagem assistida dos ovos do mosquito. As informações obtidas são enviadas pela Internet para um computador servidor WEB, onde são analisadas por técnicas de processamento de imagens. A contagem automática dos ovos baseia-se nos processos: segmentação, filtragem e contagem. Protótipos do dispositivo foram instalados e implementados, em duas diferentes cidades do estado de Pernambuco. A partir dos dados obtidos foram realizados testes comparativos entre os métodos manuais, semi-automáticos e automáticos, obtendo-se resultados que indicam a viabilidade da técnica

No description available.

Objective: Globally, about 50 to 100 million patients are infected with dengue fever per year and the average mortality rate is about 3.5 to 5% in Asia. Because of appropriate geographic location and cultural factors, dengue fever has been the important subject of infectious disease that Taiwan faces. In order to control and prevent the spread of dengue fever effectively, how to diagnose the suspected case correctly by the clinical symptoms and to improve the early reporting rates become critical research questions. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between clinical symptoms and diagnosis of dengue fever, and the factors associated with being reported at the first outpatient visit among confirmed case by using Dengue Fever Survey Form, which including demographics, clinical symptoms, level of the first outpatient visit and whether the patient is reported at the first outpatient visit. Design: 593 virologically confirmed cases during 2006 Dengue endemics in Kaohsiung city were studied. The data were from Dengue Fever Survey Form, which were collected from January 1 to December 31,2006. Result: The mean age of cases was 46.45¡Ó19.06 years (range 2 years to 89 years). The most common symptoms were fever (97.3%), pain (75.2%), GI symptoms (74.7%), skin rash (49.2%), and thirsty/dry mouth (49.1%). Chi-square tests showed gender, age in group, viral type, whether dengue hemorrhagic fever or not, level of the first outpatient visit, pain and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with being reported at the first outpatient visit. The result of the analysis of logistic regression indicated that the significant predictors of being reported at the first outpatient visit were gender, age in group, viral type, level of the first outpatient visit, gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue. Conclusion: Reporting of infectious disease is essential to detection of outbreaks, planning of control program and provision of appropriate treatment. Clinical symptoms of dengue fever and the level of the first outpatient visit will influence rates of being reported at the first outpatient visit. All medical providers involved in diagnosis and treatment of dengue fever should strengthen their knowledge by continuing learning in order to improve early identification rates. In addition, health department could try to improve the detection and reporting systems to make the reporting steps more convenient and advance early reporting rates.