Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / That dissertation has as mark to examine, in the ambit of the culture, the relationship between the capoeira game and the identity. In that sense, the capoeira is conceived as a typical manifestation of the popular culture, that in the last thirty years it is going by a long process of transformations of your codes and rituals. With effect, in the first chapter we treated of the theoretical referencial to think in the connection that we tried to establish, making use of social cientists' of the present time concepts; such like Stuart Hall, Nestor Canclini, and Anthonny Giddens. In the second chapter of that dissertation we investigated the process of desafricanização of the game of the capoeira and the invention " of the national identity starting from the appropriation of that own game-fight while representative icon of our nationality. This way, fundamental it was the interpretation of documents and authors' of the end of the century texts XIX and beginnings of the century XX that proposed the transformation of the capoeira game in national sport. In the third chapter, in which we made the empiric research, we tried an abbreviation historical reconstruction of the capoeira game in Aracaju, interviewing some of the black capoeiristas that reafricanizam the capoeira in Aracaju, starting from the " ransom " of the tradition of the Capoeira of Angola and of the recriação of an Afro-Brazilian identity. / Esta dissertação tem como escopo examinar, no âmbito da cultura, a relação entre o jogo de capoeira e a identidade. Nesse sentido, a capoeira é concebida como uma típica manifestação da cultura popular que, nos últimos trinta anos, vem passando por um longo processo de transformações de seus códigos e rituais. Com efeito, no primeiro capítulo, tratamos do referencial teórico para pensar no nexo que tentamos estabelecer, fazendo uso de conceitos de cientistas sociais da atualidade, tais como Stuart Hall, Nestor Canclini, e Anthonny Giddens. No segundo capítulo, investigamos o processo de desafricanização do jogo da capoeira e a invenção da identidade nacional a partir da apropriação desse próprio jogo-luta enquanto ícone representativo da nossa nacionalidade. Desta forma, foi fundamental a interpretação de documentos e textos de autores do final do século XIX e princípios do século XX que propuseram a transformação do jogo de capoeira em esporte nacional. No terceiro capítulo, no qual fizemos a pesquisa empírica, tentamos uma breve reconstrução histórica do jogo de capoeira em Aracaju, entrevistando alguns dos capoeiristas negros que reafricanizam a capoeira nessa cidade a partir do resgate da tradição da Capoeira de Angola e da recriação de uma identidade afro-brasileira.

Orientador: Alexandre Xavier Falcão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T10:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Favretto_FernandaOliveira_M.pdf: 1878530 bytes, checksum: b516fce053de83b3dbd32fa789dcb9c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O registro de imagens é o processo que alinha duas ou mais imagens em um mesmo sistema de coordenadas espaciais [31]. Na área de Imagens Médicas, o problema de registro de imagens tem muitas aplicações permitindo, por exemplo, a análise da variação de fenômenos e estruturas anatômicas ao longo do tempo, pelo registro de imagens de uma mesma modalidade obtidas em diferentes instantes de tempo; ou o estudo das informações anatômicas e fisiológicas combinadas para uma dada estrutura fenômeno, pelo registro de imagens obtidas por modalidades diferentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de registro para imagens tridimensionais do cérebro humano, cuja motivação é o estudo comparativo de imagens de Ressonância Magnética pré- e pós-operatórias do cérebro de pacientes de epilepsia. Um estudo recente [80] tem observado que nos casos em que houve crises recorrentes, após a remoção cirúrgica do foco da crise, os pacientes apresentaram alterações nas substâncias cinza e branca do cérebro. O registro das imagens pré- e pós- operatórias desses pacientes permite a análise dessas alterações. Foi desenvolvida uma técnica de registro rígido que realiza o alinhamento de imagens 3D de forma automática, rápida e precisa. O método baseia-se no casamento das linhas de watershed marcador de cinza extraídas da imagem móvel com uma imagem de borda realçada pelo gradiente morfológico da imagem fixa. A busca dos parâmetros de rotação e translação que compõem a função de mapeamento é feita através de uma técnica proposta neste trabalho, denominada Descendente de Gradiente em Múltiplas Escalas (MSGD) - um variante do tradicional método de Descendente de Gradiente - a qual permite passos de tamanhos escalonados dos vetores de gradiente, evitando mínimos locais indesejáveis e convergindo para o ótimo desejado mais rapidamente. O método foi avaliado em imagens 3D de ressonância magnética do cérebro humano ponderadas em T1 e obteve bons resultados. Os experimentos envolveram 2 bases de dados. A primeira base é a base de dados de controle, composta por 200 pares de imagens, onde o registro foi realizado em aproxidamente 45s e obteve erro médio de rotação de 0, 06?, 0, 08? e 0, 08? com desvio padrão de 0, 06, 0, 25 e 0, 08 nos eixos X, Y e Z, respectivamente, e erro médio de translação de 1, 67mm, 1, 55mm e 2, 27mm com desvio padrão de 1, 83, 1, 45 e 2, 27 nos eixos X, Y e Z, respectivamente. A segunda base foi uma base de dados clínicos, composta por imagens pré- e pós-operatórias de pacientes com epilepsia, que comprovou a eficácia do método em dados clínicos reais. Também foram desenvolvidas duas técnicas de visualização do registro, uma delas baseada no mosaico das imagens registradas e a outra que combina as imagens em um único volume colorido, onde as alterações de tecidos são identificadas pelas cores vermelha e verde. Portanto, as principais contribuições deste trabalho são: uma metodologia para o registro, que envolve combinação eficiente de características, métrica de similaridade e estratégia de busca; a estratégia MSGD que se mostrou promissora para outros problemas de otimização; e uma técnica de visualização das imagens registradas na forma de um volume colorido. / Abstract: Image Registration is the process that aligns two or more images in a common reference system of spacial coordinates [31]. It is an important problem with several applications in Medical Imaging, enabling, for instance, the analysis of changes in anatomy along time by the registration of images from the same modality, and the study of combined anatomic and physiologic data by the registration of images from different modalities. The objective of this work is the development of a registration method for 3D images of the human brain, and the motivation is a comparative study of pre and post-surgical images from epilepsy patients. A recent study [80] has observed that some pacients, who did not cease the seizures after surgery, presented variations in their brain tissues. The registration of pre and post-surgical images enables the analysis of these tissue's variations. We developed a rigid registration method that aligns 3D images in a fast, automatic and accurate way. The method is based on the matching between watershed lines extrated from a source image and a morphological gradient image from the target image. The search for the parameters of rotation and translation that compose the mapping function is done by a techinique proposed in this work, named Multi-Scale Gradient Descent - a variant of the tradicional method Gradient Descent - which enables gradient's vectors with scaled magnitudes, avoiding undesirable local minima and fastly converging to the desired optimum. The method was evaluated on 3D T1-weighted Magnetic Ressonance Images of the human brain. The experiments used 2 data bases: a control data base, composed by 200 pairs of images, in which the method took approximately 45s and acceptable results; and a data base of patients, composed by pre- and post-surgical images, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for real data. We have also developed visualization techiniques for the registred images: the checkerboard image, that alternates the target and registered source in a checkerboard pattern, allowing the user to inspect the correctness, coherence and continuity of the registration; and the colorized image, that combines the target and registered source images in a single colorized volume, such that the alterations of the tissues can be identified by the red and green colors. Therefore, the main contributions of this work are: a 3D registration methodology, that involves an effective combination of feature selection, similarity measure and search strategy; a search strategy, MSGD, that seems to be promissing for other optimization problems; and a visualization techinique that uses a colorized volume to combine the registered images. / Mestrado / Processamento e Analise de Imagens / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Non invasive in vivo imaging will lead to better understanding of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor’s (AT1R) role in disease progression and may guide therapy in cardiovascular patients. Two models were used in this project: 5/6 nephrectomy and transient left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. Rats were scanned with [13N]ammonia and [11C]methyl-candesartan, both of which are Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers, at 8 weeks (nephrectomy) and 2 weeks (LAD ligation) after surgery. Western blot analysis was used to corroborate PET data. Nephrectomy: Renal AT1R image analysis displayed a 40% decrease in kidney AT1R in nephrectomized animals compared to sham (p<0.05) which was confirmed with Western blot and biodistribution. LAD ligation: Left Ventricle AT1R Western blot analysis exhibited a 60% increase in 20min ligation (p<0.05) with maintained myocardial blood flow. In conclusion, changes in renal AT1R were successfully imaged using [11C]methyl-candesartan in nephrectomized animals, and 20min LAD ligation/reperfusion is an appropriate model to image an increase in cardiac AT1R following ischemic injury.

The image of Marcel Duchamp as a brilliant but laconic dilettante has come to dominate the literature surrounding the artist’s life and work. His intellect and strategic brilliance were vaunted by his friends and contemporaries, and served as the basis of the mythology that has been coalescing around the artist and his work since before his death in 1968. Though few would challenge these attributions of intelligence, few have likewise considered the role that Duchamp’s prodigious mind played in bringing about the present state of his career. Many of the signal features of Duchamp’s artistic career: his avoidance of the commercial art market, his cultivation of patrons, his “retirement” from art and the secret creation and posthumous unveiling of his Étant Donnés: 1° la chute d’eau/2° le gaz d’éclairage, all played key roles in the development of the Duchampian mythos. Rather than treating Duchamp’s current art historical position as the fortuitous result of chance, this thesis attempts to examine the many and subtle ways in which Duchamp worked throughout his life to control how he and his work were and are perceived. Such an examination necessarily begins at the start of his relationship with the general and specialist media, through the auspices of his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. This is followed by an examination of Duchamp’s decades-long relationship with the press through the interviews given during his life. Duchamp’s concern for his physical legacy is explored next, initially through his relationships with his two dominant patrons, Walter and Louise Arensberg and Katherine Dreier. Not only did he act as advisor and dealer in the development of both prestigious collections, Duchamp had the privileged position of participant in the negotiations surrounding the disposition of the collections he had helped to build. Duchamp’s concern for the preservation of his physical legacy continued after the installation of his own work within major American museums. Thus, next is considered the development and effects of the two large-scale retrospectives of Duchamp’s work held within his lifetime. Finally is considered the role of Duchamp’s posthumous work, the Étant Donnés. Through the combination of secrecy and strategically revealed hints, Duchamp ensured that his final work would engender discussion long after his death.

Les mécanismes neuronaux contrôlant la respiration sont présentement explorés à l’aide de plusieurs modèles animaux incluant le rat et la grenouille. Nous avons utilisé la lamproie comme modèle animal nous permettant de caractériser les réseaux de neurones du tronc cérébral qui génèrent et modulent le rythme respiratoire. Nous avons d’abord caractérisé une nouvelle population de neurones, dans le groupe respiratoire paratrigéminal (pTRG), une région du tronc cérébral essentielle à la genèse du rythme respiratoire chez la lamproie. Les neurones de cette région sont actifs en phase avec le rythme respiratoire. Nous avons montré que ces neurones possèdent une arborisation axonale complexe, incluant des projections bilatérales vers les groupes de motoneurones du tronc cérébral qui activent les branchies ainsi que des connexions reliant les pTRG de chaque côté du tronc cérébral. Ces résultats montrent que le pTRG contient un groupe de cellules qui active les motoneurones respiratoires des deux côtés et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la synchronisation bilatérale du rythme respiratoire. Nous avons ensuite étudié les mécanismes neuronaux par lesquels le rythme respiratoire est augmenté en lien avec l’effort physique. Nous avons montré que la région locomotrice du mésencéphale (MLR), en plus de son rôle dans la locomotion, active les centres respiratoires pendant la nage, et même en anticipation. Les neurones de la MLR projetant vers les centres locomoteurs et respiratoires sont ségrégés anatomiquement, les neurones localisés plus dorsalement étant ceux qui possèdent des projections vers les centres respiratoires. Nous avons aboli la contribution de la partie dorsale de la MLR aux changements respiratoires en injectant des bloqueurs des récepteurs glutamatergiques localement, sur des préparations semi-intactes. Nous avons montré que lors d’épisodes de nage, une majeure partie de l’effet respiratoire est abolie par ces injections, suggérant un rôle prépondérant des neurones de cette région dans l’augmentation respiratoire pendant la locomotion. Nos résultats confirment que le rythme respiratoire est généré par une région rostrolatérale du pons de la lamproie et montrent que des connexions des centres locomoteurs arrivent directement à cette région et pourraient être impliquées dans l’augmentation respiratoire reliée à l’effort physique. / The neural control of breathing is currently investigated on multiple animal models such as frogs and rats. We have used the lamprey as an experimental model to characterize the brainstem neural networks involved in the genesis and modulation of the respiratory rhythm. We have first characterized a new population of respiratory neurons in the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG). The pTRG is a region that was shown to be essential to respiratory rhythmogenesis in lampreys. We have shown that the pTRG contains a group of neurons with complex axonal arborisations, including bilateral projections to the motoneuron pools of the brainstem that activate gills, as well as bilateral projections connecting the pTRGs on the two sides of the brainstem. These results suggest that pTRG neurons could participate in the descending control of respiratory motoneurons as well as the bilateral synchrony of the respiratory rhythm. We have then studied the neural mechanisms by which respiration is increased during locomotion. We have shown that the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), in addition to its role in controlling locomotion, also increases breathing during locomotion. Neurons in the MLR are anatomically segregated, those projecting to the respiratory centers being located more dorsally. We have abolished the contribution of the dorsal part of the MLR to respiratory changes by injecting glutamate receptor blockers locally in semi-intact preparations. We have shown that during swimming episodes, a major part of the respiratory effect is dependent on the dorsal part of the MLR. Our results confirm that the respiratory rhythm is generated by a rostrolateral region in the pons of lampreys and show that connections from locomotor centers can directly activate this region. These connections could be implicated in the increase of breathing activity related to locomotion.

No description available.

L’ocytocine est un petit peptide synthétisé par des neurones de l’hypothalamus. Il est connu pour ses rôles dans la reproduction et les interactions sociales, en particulier dans les interactions mère-enfants, mais possède également un effet analgésique endogène. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai cherché à comprendre plus en détail les circuits qui sous-tendent son effet analgésique. Dans un second temps j’ai cherché à déterminer si une séparation maternelle précoce, qui affecte les interactions mère-enfants, perturbe les réponses à la douleur et l’analgésie ocytocinergique chez la descendance. Ces travaux ont permis d’identifier un groupe de neurones ocytocinergiques dans l’hypothalamus, capables de diminuer la douleur par une double action. D’une part ils inhibent directement la transmission de l’information nociceptive dans la moelle épinière, et d’autre part contrôlent l’activité de neurones à ocytocine libérant la molécule dans la circulation sanguine. Notre étude sur la séparation maternelle démontre qu’elle induit une hypersensibilité à la douleur à l’âge adulte et un dysfonctionnement de l’analgésie endogène ocytocinergique. / Oxytocin is a small peptide synthesized in hypothalamic neurons. She is well known for its roles in reproduction and social interactions, especially in mother-infant interactions, but also displays analgesic effects. During this thesis, I tried to get a better understanding of the circuits underlying OT analgesia. Then, I tried to determine if neonatal maternal separation, affecting mother-infant interactions, alters adult pain responses and oxytocin analgesia. This work allowed to identify a subgroup of oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamus, able to decrease pain through a dual action. They directly inhibit nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord and control the activity of another population of oxytocinergic neurons releasing the peptide in the bloodstream. Our work on maternal separation shows that it induces nociceptive hypersensitivity at adulthood, and a dysfunction in oxytocin analgesia.

No description available.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-19T13:41:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Sarilho de Mendonca.pdf: 960484 bytes, checksum: be95fe89cc95556dccc9a63e7868ac13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T13:41:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Sarilho de Mendonca.pdf: 960484 bytes, checksum: be95fe89cc95556dccc9a63e7868ac13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Although the low level light therapy (LLLT) irradiation is indicated for a variety of musculoskeletal disorders like muscle fatigue, tissue repair and as anti-inflammatory agent, its effects on muscle activity are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of LLLT of irradiation on the nerve conduction velocity and electromyographic activity of the muscle upper trapezius (UT) in healthy subjects. Twenty healthy women (mean age 23.54  2.51) were included in this study, cross-over, controlled, randomized, double blind. Each volunteer has received two types of treatment with continuous LLLT (LLLT) and the other one with LLLT placebo (LLLTP). The treatment order was randomized by raffle, being included an interval of 7 days between each laser intervention (wash-out) to prevent residual effects. The surface electromyography (EMG) was used to verify the nerve conduction velocity (CV) and muscle activity UT during shoulder elevation in isometric contraction to 5 different levels of contraction (10, 15, 20, 25, 30% of maximum voluntary contraction), via visual feedback provided through a driving line. The collects of the EMG signal were performed before and after 30 minutes of treatment (LLLT or LLLTP). In the analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) it was possible to observe a significant decrease in the amplitude of the EMG signal to treatment with LLLT (p = 0.0001) but not to the placebo treated group (p < 0.05). Regarding of the CV, no change was observed for both treatments (LLLT: p > 0.05; LLLTP: p > 0.05 - ANOVA). In this study it could be observed an immediate effect of LLLT irradiation on the amplitude of the electromyographic signal of the trapezius muscle descending fibers in healthy individuals, but not on the nerve conduction velocity. / Embora a irradiação com laser de baixa potência (LBP) seja indicada para vários tipos de disfunções musculoesqueléticas como fadiga muscular, reparo tecidual e como agente anti-inflamatório, seus efeitos sobre a atividade muscular ainda são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito imediato da irradiação do LBP sobre a velocidade de condução nervosa e a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo trapézio fibras descendentes (TFD) em indivíduos saudáveis. Vinte mulheres saudáveis (idade média: 23,54  2,51) foram incluídas nesse estudo, cruzado, controlado, randomizado duplo cego. Cada voluntária recebeu 2 tipos de tratamento com LBP (LBP) contínuo e outra com LBP placebo (LBPP). A ordem de tratamento foi randomizada por sorteio, sendo incluído um intervalo de 7 dias entre cada intervenção de laser (wash-out) para evitar efeitos residuais. A eletromiografia (EMG) de superfície foi utilizada para verificar a velocidade de condução nervosa (VC) e atividade no músculo TFD durante a elevação do ombro em contração isométrica em 5 diferentes níveis de contração (10, 15, 20, 25, 30% da contração voluntária máxima), por meio de feedback visual proporcionado por uma linha de treino. As coletas do sinal EMG foram realizadas antes e após 30 minutos do tratamento (LBP ou LBPP). Na análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA) foi possível observar diminuição significativa na amplitude do sinal EMG para o tratamento com LBP (p = 0,0001) porém não para o grupo tratado com LBPP (p < 0,05). Em relação à VC, nenhuma alteração foi observada para ambos os tratamentos (LBP: p > 0,05; LBPP: p > 0,05 - ANOVA). Nesse estudo foi possível observar um efeito imediato da irradiação com LBP sobre a amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico do músculo trapézio fibras descendentes em indivíduo saudáveis, porém, não sobre a velocidade de condução nervosa.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this analysis was to assess the 7-year long-term safety and effectiveness of a randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) versus minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery for the treatment of isolated proximal left anterior descending lesions. BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up data comparing PCI by SES and MIDCAB surgery for isolated proximal left anterior descending lesions are sparse. METHODS Patients were randomized either to PCI with SES (n ¼ 65) or MIDCAB (n ¼ 65). Follow-up data were obtained after 7 years with respect to the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revas- cularization. Angina was assessed by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification and quality of life with Short Form 36 and MacNew quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS Follow-up was conducted in 129 patients at a median time of 7.3 years (interquartile range: 5.7, 8.3). There were no significant differences in the incidence of the primary composite endpoint between groups (22% PCI vs. 12% MIDCAB; p ¼ 0.17) or the endpoints death (14% vs. 17%; p ¼ 0.81) and myocardial infarction (6% vs. 9%, p ¼ 0.74). However, the target vessel revascularization rate was higher in the PCI group (20% vs. 1.5%; p < 0.001). Clinical symptoms and quality of life improved significantly from baseline with both interventions and were similar in magnitude between groups. CONCLUSIONS At 7-year follow-up, PCI by SES and MIDCAB in isolated proximal left anterior descending lesions yielded similar long-term outcomes regarding the primary composite clinical endpoint and quality of life. Target vessel revascularization was more frequent in the PCI group. (Randomied Comparison of Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With Proximal Stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery; NCT00299429) (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2014;-:-–-) © 2014 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.