An aim of this diploma thesis is to create interactive descriptive geometry coursebook. As a basis for coursebook creation was used "Present State of Descriptive Geometry Education on High Schools Survey" which was proceeded via questionnaire. Before the creation of coursebook itself were made analyses of accessible textbooks, geometric softwares in use and possible environments for coursebook content presentation. A result is integrated part of subject matter taught on high schools complemented by solved examples and interactive applets created in software GeoGebra. The coursebook content is presented in a form of HTML sites on a public website http://www.sadsam.cz/dg/ and also as an off- line version on DVD disc enclosed.

We study families of small sets which appear in Harmonic analysis. We focus on the systems H(N) , N ∈ N, U and U0. In particular we compare their sizes via comparing the polars of these classes, i.e. the families of measures annihilating all sets from given class. Lyons showed that in this sense, the family N∈N H(N) is smaller than U0. The main goal of this thesis is the study of the question whether this also holds when the system U0 is replaced by the much smaller system U. To this end we define a new system H(∞) and systems of sets of type N where N ∈ N∪{∞}. We then prove some of their properties, which might be useful in solving the studied question. 1

Master of Science / Food Science Institute, Human Nutrition / Delores H. Chambers / Fresh mangoes are highly perishable, and therefore, they are often processed to extend shelf-life and facilitate exportation. Studying the transformation that mango cultivars undergo throughout processing can aid in selecting appropriate varieties for products. In the 1st part of this study, the flavor and texture properties of 4 mango cultivars available in the United States (U.S.) were analyzed. Highly trained descriptive panelists in the U.S. evaluated fresh, purée, and sorbet samples prepared from each cultivar. Purées were made by pulverizing mango flesh, passing it through a china cap, and heating it to 85 °C for 15 s. For the sorbets, purées were diluted with water (1:1), sucrose was added, and the bases were frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. Much of the texture variation among cultivars was lost after fresh samples were transformed into purées, whereas much of the flavor and texture variation among cultivars was lost once fresh mangoes and mango purées were transformed into sorbets. Compared to the other cultivars, Haden and Tommy Atkins underwent greater transformations in flavor throughout sorbet preparation, and processing reduced the intensities of some unpleasant flavors in these cultivars. Tommy Atkins was the only cultivar that had flavor differences from other cultivars when it was in sorbet. Results suggest that cultivar variation is generally not detectable in mango sorbet unless the cultivar has a distinct initial flavor. In the 2nd part of this study, descriptive panelists in Thailand evaluated the flavor and texture properties of fresh samples and purées prepared from 6 cultivars grown in Thailand. Thermal processing had unique effects on the flavor of each cultivar, especially Nam Dok Mai and Chok Anun; Nam Dok Mai significantly decreased in mango identity and peach flavors after processing, whereas Chok Anun significantly increased in sweet, mango identity, and pineapple flavors. Although a slight amount of flavor variation among cultivars was lost because of thermal processing, most of the texture variation was eliminated. Because of significant changes in flavor and texture after heat treatment of mango cultivars, manufacturers should select cultivars for mango purées based on their properties after thermal processing.

Master of Science / Department of Human Nutrition / Koushik Adhikari / Three cuts of steak (strip, chuck-eye and top blade) of two United States Department of Agriculture grades (choice and select) underwent seasoning and tenderization treatments to study whether flavor and texture quality could be enhanced within cut and grade of steak. Treatments included: 1) seasoning alone, 2) a combination of seasoning + bromelain (enzymatic tenderizer), or 3) control (no seasoning and/or bromelain). The seasoning included: kosher salt, black pepper, onion powder, garlic powder, cumin, and ground oregano. All of the steaks were cooked to an internal temperature of 71° C (medium doneness). Six trained descriptive panelists evaluated the samples. The results of this study indicate that it may be possible to improve eating quality of choice and select chuck-eye and choice top blade to be more similar to strip steaks of the same USDA grade. Both treatments increased flavor and texture attributes in these samples that have been shown to have an impact on liking scores. Choice chuck-eye samples had decreased bloody/serumy and metallic scores and increased umami and initial flavor impact with both treatments. Both treatments increased brown/roasted flavor in select chuck-eyes. Tenderness, fat-like and umami were increased with the seasoning + bromelain treatment in select chuck-eyes. Choice top blade steaks with seasoning alone had increased umami flavor. Both treatments impacted attributes (fat-like, umami and sour) of the select strip steak that differed from choice strip steaks. The next step to this research is to investigate whether consumer liking scores are consistent with conclusions made from descriptive analysis results. Overall, these treatments could be a valuable tool for beef retailers.

Orientador: Plácida Leopoldina V. A. da Costa Santos / Banca: Rachel Cristina Vesú Alves / Banca: Virginia Bentes Pinto / Banca: Marcos Luiz Mucheroni / Banca: Homero Fonseca Filho / Resumo: A crescente disponibilidade de dados geoespaciais, a diversidade de ambientes de informação geográfica e os contínuos avanços tecnológicos têm possibilitado o desenvolvimento de aplicações e de metodologias de tratamento descritivo, como é o caso dos padrões de metadados, permitindo novas abordagens práticas, principalmente em meio eletrônico. As agências governamentais, como grandes produtores, estão sendo instadas para que façam suas publicações de forma aberta, transparente e processável por máquina. O acesso, o uso e o reuso dos recursos geográficos, no entanto, dependem da padronização e das especificações técnicas. Os mapas topográficos são recursos oriundos das técnicas da Cartografia e se configuram como itens de referência, com atributos e especificidades na representação do território, sendo fundamentais às políticas públicas. Com o surgimento de vários padrões de metadados, evidencia-se que os materiais cartográficos carecem de estudos sobre a compatibilização de formatos e adequação de esquemas de descrição. A partir da definição de registros de metadados para atender às necessidades específicas, tem-se o seguinte questionamento: como descrever eficientemente os materiais cartográficos, mais especificamente, os mapas topográficos em ambiente digital? A tese é de que a apresentação de mapas topográficos em informação acessível, por meio de descrições adequadas e unívocas, facilite a sua identificação e localização, permitindo o instanciamento para acesso, uso e reuso desse recurso. Propõe-se analisar o referencial teórico da Catalogação que orienta a construção padronizada, de modo a fornecer os princípios e valores fundamentais ao registro dos mapas. Assim, o objetivo geral é contribuir com a descrição de qualidade dos mapas topográficos de modo a atender a necessidades específicas e a proporcionar a interoperabilidade. Para se atingir os objetivos... / Abstract: The growing availability of geospatial data, the diversity of geographic information environments and the continuous technological advances have enabled the development of methods and applications for descriptive treatment. That is the case of metadata standards allowing new practical approaches, especially in a digital environment. Government agencies, as major producers of cartographic material, are demanded to publish it in an open, transparent and machine-processable form. The access and use of these resources depend on proper standardization and technical specifications. Topographic maps are resources resulting from cartographic techniques and constitute reference items, with attributes and specificities that represent the territory, and are essential for public policies. The occurrence of various metadata standards indicates that the cartographic materials require studies about formats' compatibility and adequacy of description schemes. From the definition of metadata record, in order to meet specific requirements, emerges the question of: how to efficiently describe the cartographic materials and, more specifically, digital topographic maps? The thesis is that the presentation of digital topographic maps in an accessible format, with appropriate and unambiguous descriptions, facilitates their identification and location and, ultimately, its use. The proposition of this thesis is to analyze the theoretical Cataloguing framework that guides the standardized construction, in order to provide the fundamental principles and values to maps registry. The main goal is to contribute to the proper description and quality of Topographic Maps to meet the specific requisites and provide interoperability. In order to achieve this goal, analyses were made about the description scheme of the MGB to AACR2r profiles and the correspondence between the MGB profile and the MARC 21 format. As a result, a systematization of the relationships between... / Doutor

Orientador: Jair Lopes Júnior / Banca: Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira / Banca: Denise de Freitas / Banca: Renato Eugênio da Silva Diniz / Banca: Sérgio Vasconcelos de Luna / Resumo: O presente estudo buscou verificar se um conjunto planejado de interações, mediado pela literatura da Análise do Comportamento/Behaviorismo Radical (AC/BR), entre pesquisador e professores participantes poderia constituir-se condição favorecedora para a aprendizagem de recursos metodológicos que priorizassem o alcance de metas e orientações previstas oficialmente para o Ensino de Ciências. Nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, a Análise do Comportamento buscou, como orientação teórica, cientificamente, investigar, induzir e propagar a necessidade de avanços em modalidade de recursos metodológicos de interpretações funcionais de repertórios comportamentais relevantes em contextos clínicos e escolares. Um recurso de destaque neste estudo, em relação ao seu potencial e refinamento metodológico, é a Avaliação Funcional Descritiva (AFD), que contou com uma sequência onde foi possível registrar e priorizar propostas de intervenção no próprio ambiente de trabalho docente, durante a rotina das aulas. Evidencia-se a necessidade da produção e aquisição de conhecimentos profissionais docentes com diferentes modalidades de licenciaturas (Pedagogia e Ciências Biológics, neste caso), objetivamente pela formação continuada de professores em serviço, de recursos metodológicos que objetivem a compreensão de interpretações funcionais de interações professor-aluno em sala de aula. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi a Pesquisa Qualitativa na Modalidade de Delineamento de Estudo de Caso Único (single case design), N=1 e/ou sujeito como seu próprio controle. O conjunto planejado de interações sugerem que existe inabilidade de as docentes viuncularem dificuldades de aprendizagem nos repertórios dos alunos; diante de condições de ensino que eles deveriam manifestar os comportamentos esperados. Após o contato com os vídeos dos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study to determine whether a planned set of interaction mediated by Behavior Analysis/Radical Behaviorism Literature between researcher and teachers could become a condition for favoring the learning of methodological resources to prioritize the scope of goals and guidelines laid down officially for the Teaching of Science. Over the past twenty-five years, the Behavioral Analysis sought, as theoretical orientation, scientifically, researching, inducing and propagating the need for advances in methodological resources mode for functional interpretations of relevant behavioral repertoires in clinical setting and schools. A prominent feature of this study in relation to their potential and refinement is the Descriptive Functional Assessment, which included a sequence becoming possible to record and prioritize proposal for intervention in the teaching environment during routine classes. This study highlights the need for production and acquisition of professional knowledge teachers whit different degrees (Pedagogy and Natural Sciences, in this case), objectively the continuing education of teachers in service, methodological resources that aim to understand interpretations of professor - student functional interactions in the classroom. The adopted research methodology was the Qualitative Research Prize in Design of Case study One (single case design), N = 1 and / or subject as its own control. The planned set of interactions suggest that there is an inability to commit teaching learning difficulties in students' repertoires, under conditions of education that they should express expected behaviors. After the contact with the videos of episodes of education defined in this study, the teachers report was: (a) recurrence of verbal behavior devoid of functions that provid information on their teaching repertoire, (b) no distinction between teaching... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como as quatro traduções de Watchmen foram influenciadas pelos diferentes estágios de consolidação da graphic novel no sistema de histórias em quadrinhos do Brasil e pela aproximação deste com o sistema literário. Defende-se a ideia que as histórias em quadrinhos constituem seu próprio sistema e que no Brasil as traduções ocupam o centro do sistema, sendo responsáveis pela introdução de novos modelos de narrativas gráficas. A minissérie Watchmen foi lançada nos EUA entre 1986-1987 em 12 volumes pela editora DC, sendo logo depois reunida em um único livro, com o rótulo de graphic novel. No Brasil, Watchmen seguiu um caminho editorial similarcom as traduções refletindo as transformações do mercado nacional de quadrinhos dos últimos trinta anos em direção à consolidação de um público adulto mais exigente e a migração das vendas em bancas para as livrarias, de forma semelhante ao ocorrido nos EUA na década de 1980. Além disso, este estudo demonstra o peculiar papel de autonomia na escolha de estratégias tradutórias desempenhado pelo tradutor de três das versões brasileiras. O corpus deste estudo é composto dos seis números da edição da Editora Abril (1988), dos doze volumes lançados pela mesma editora em 1999, dos quatro livros da edição da Via Lettera (2005-2006) e a da Edição Definitiva lançada pela Panini Books, em 2011. / This study aims to demonstrate how the consolidation stage of the graphic novel in the Brazilian comic system and the relation between the comic system and the literary system influenced the four Brazilian translations of Watchmen. The ideia defended is that comics have their own system, and that translation occupies the center of the system in Brazil, being responsible for introducing new models of graphic narratives. Watchmen was released in the USA from 1986 to 1987 as a 12-issue miniseries by DC Comics, and not long after was collected into a single book under the label of graphic novel. In Brazil, Watchmen has followed a similar publishing path and the translations reflect the transformations of the national comic book market in the last three decades towards establishing a market for adults and more demanding readers, and to migrate sales from news agencies to bookstores, in a similar way to what happened in the US comic market from the 1980s. This study also demonstrates the peculiar autonomy held by the translator regarding to translations strategies in three of the Brazilian editions. The corpus of this study is composed of 6-issues miniseries published by Editora Abril (1988-1989), 12-issues also released by Editora Abril (1999), the 4 books by Via Lettera publishing house (2005-2006) and the Absolute Edition (2011) by Panini Books.

O padrão espacial das árvores em uma floresta é influenciado por variáveis abióticas e bióticas. Entre as principais variáveis abióticas estão o relevo, a disponibilidade de luz, nutrientes e água, e a caracterização do solo. Entre as principais variáveis bióticas estão os processos dependentes da densidade, tais como a competição intraespecífica e interespecífica, a herbivoria, a ocorrência de doenças, a fenologia e dispersão de sementes. Desse modo, investigar o padrão espacial das árvores, segundo suas classes de tamanho, e segundo suas espécies mais abundantes, pode fornecer evidências sobre a estrutura da comunidade vegetal. A descrição do padrão espacial das árvores e das espécies mais abundantes em diferentes formações florestais foi realizada usando ferramentas estatésticas mais apropriadas para investigar mapas das árvores. A Função K de Ripley tem como principais vantagens a possibilidade de detectar o padrão espacial em diversas escalas de distâncias simultaneamente, e avaliar a dependência espacial entre grupos de árvores. Os padrões observados foram comparados com os modelos de Completa Aleatoriedade Espacial, para a função univariada, e de Completa Independência Espacial, para a função bivariada. Diferentes formações florestais, típicas da região sudeste do Brasil, foram comparadas neste estudo: Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana, Savana Florestada (Cerradão), Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Formação Pioneira com Influência Marinha (Restinga). Esta dissertação de mestrado integra o Projeto "Diversidade, dinâmica e conservação em florestas do Estado de São Paulo: 40 ha de parcelas permanentes", do Programa Biota da FAPESP. Neste projeto, uma parcela de 10,24 ha foi montada em cada formação florestal, e todas as árvores com circunferência na altura do peito a partir de 15 cm foram medidas, mapeadas e identificadas. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo ressaltam o caráter agregado em florestas tropicais, uma vez que o padrão agregado foi observado em todas as florestas estudadas. As árvores do Cerradão e da Restinga apresentaram padrões muito próximos, com uma agregação definida até uma certa escala de distâncias. Para a Floresta Ombrófila, o padrão agregado foi significativo em toda a escala de distâncias. Na Floresta Estacional, tendência à aleatoriedade foi observada, embora uma agregação significativa tenha sido notada para curtas distâncias. A análise do padrão espacial segundo classes de tamanho mostrou que as primeiras classes possuem, em geral, padrões agregados significativos, enquanto para as classes seguintes o padrão aleatório foi predominante. Em linhas gerais, o padrão espacial das espécies acompanhou o padrão geral de cada formação florestal. O padrão das espécies dominantes é sempre muito semelhante ao padrão espacial da floresta como um todo. Como era esperado, as espécies dominantes desempenham importante papel na ocupação do espaço horizontal em tais florestas, contribuindo de modo decisivo para a caracterização do padrão espacial da comunidade. Espécies que ocorreram em diferentes florestas apresentaram pequenas diferenças no seu padrão espacial, ressaltando-se assim a importância da sua autoecologia e dos processos ecológicos intrínsecos a cada comunidade. / Tree spatial patterns are influenced by abiotic and biotic environment. Among the main abiotic factors are topography, light, nutrients, soil and water availability. Among biotic factors are density-dependent processes, as intraespecific and interespecific competition, herbivory, pathogens, phenology and seed dispersion. Investigation of tree spatial patterns, patterns in size classes, and dominant species patterns can show evidences about the structure of plant communities. Description of trees spatial pattern was made using the most appropriate statistical tools for mapped data. Ripley’s K Function has as its main attributes the power to detect the spatial patterns in different distance scales simultaneously, and to investigate spatial independence among groups of trees. Observed patterns were compared to Complete Spatial Randomness model, in univariate function, and to Complete Spatial Independence model, in bivariate function. Different forests, typical from Southeastern Brazil, were compared in this study: Forest Savanna (Cerrad˜ao), Dense Rain Forest, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Restinga. This mastership thesis is part of Project "Diversity, dynamics and conservation in forests in the State of São Paulo: 40 ha of permanent plots", from FAPESP Biota Program. In this project, one permanent plot of 10.24 ha was located in each forest stand, and all its trees with circunference at breast height equals 15 cm or higher were measured, mapped and identified. The results obtained in this study shows the aggregated pattern as the most common pattern in tropical forests. The trees spatial pattern in Cerradão and Restinga were very similar, aggregation was observed in the same distance scales. For the Dense Rain Forest, the spatial pattern was significant for all the distance scales. In Semidecidous Forest, a tendency towards randomness was observed, but a significant aggregation appeared for short distances. The spatial analysis for size classes showed that the newer classes have aggregated patterns, while the following classes have random ones. The dominant species spatial patterns were close to the general patterns of its community. As expected, dominant species play important rules in characterizing the horizontal pattern of their forests. Common species between different forests showed small differences in its spatial pattern, indicating the importance of its autoecology and the intrinsic ecological processes of each community.

Ao percorrer a trajetória do conceito de autoria na sociedade e, em particular, em diferentes áreas do conhecimento científico, verifica-se que este ganhou destaque durante a Modernidade e, a partir deste período, vem sofrendo alterações sucessivas. Em meio aos debates constantes sobre a -autoria? em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, é importante desenvolver pesquisas integrando o contexto da natureza social à representação documental. Trata-se de uma investigação exploratória e teórica, pautada nas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental, histórica e comparativa, que tem como objeto de estudo o conceito de autoria e de autor na representação documental, através dos códigos de catalogação adotados para a representação descritiva no Brasil, a saber: as Normas para catalogação de impressos, mais conhecidas como Código da Vaticana, o Código de catalogação anglo-americano (CCAA ou AACR) e Resource description and access (RDA). Como o autor é representado nos registros bibliográficos conforme as orientações pré-estabelecidas nos códigos de catalogação, reflexões acerca da autoria e sua forma de representação são fundamentais para se criar vínculos entre os registros bibliográficos, entre os documentos e para os usuários. Reflexões teóricas acerca de questões socioculturais e a representação documental buscam ir além da visão tecnicista e atribuir uma função social à representação descritiva, capaz de mobilizar uma sociedade do conhecimento, provendo acesso ao documento, respeitando as particularidades de seus usuários e, consequentemente, contribuindo para a representação, circulação, uso e produção de novos conhecimentos. / Analyzing the trajectory of the concept of authorship in society and, in particular, in different areas of scientific knowledge, one can conclude that it rose to prominence during Modernity and, from this period on, has been going through continuous change. Amidst constant debates about -authorship? in diverse areas of knowledge, it is important that research be carried out to integrate the context of social nature and documental representation. It is about an exploratory, theoretical investigation, based on bibliographic, documental, historical and comparative research whose object of study is the concept of authorship and of author in documental representation, by means of cataloguing codes adopted by descriptive representation in Brazil, namely: the Rules for the catalog of printed books, better known as Vatican code, the Anglo-American cataloguing rules (AACR) and Resource description and access (RDA). As the author is represented in the bibliographic records according to guidelines established in the cataloguing codes, reflections about authorship and its form of representation are instrumental for links to be created between bibliographic records, documents and users. Theoretical reflections about sociocultural issues and documental representation seek to go beyond the technicist view and assign a social function to the descriptive representation, thus being able of mobilizing a knowledge society by providing access to documents, respecting particularities of users and, consequently, contributing to the representation, circulation, use and production of new knowledge.

Karbi is a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language spoken by half a million people in the Karbi Anglong district in Assam, Northeast India, and surrounding areas in the extended Brahmaputra Valley area. It is an agglutinating, verb-final language. This dissertation offers a description of the dialect spoken in the hills of the Karbi Anglong district. It is primarily based on a corpus that was created during a total of fifteen months of original fieldwork, while building on and expanding on research reported by Grüßner in 1978. While the exact phylogenetic status of Karbi inside TB has remained controversial, this dissertation points out various putative links to other TB languages. The most intriguing aspect of Karbi phonology is the tone system, which carries a low functional load. While three tones can be contrasted on monosyllabic roots, the rich agglutinating morphology of Karbi allows the formation of polysyllabic words, at which level tones lose most of their phonemicity, while still leaving systematic phonetic traces. Nouns and verbs represent the two major word classes of Karbi at the root level; property-concept terms represent a subclass of verbs. At the heart of Karbi morphosyntax, there are two prefixes of Proto-TB provenance that have diachronically shaped the grammar of the language: the possessive prefix a- and the nominalizer ke-. Possessive a- attaches to nouns that are modified by preposed elements and represents the most frequent morpheme in the corpus. Nominalization involving ke- forms the basis for a variety of predicate constructions, including most of Karbi subordination as well as a number of main clause constructions. In addition to nominalization, subordination commonly involves clause chaining. Noun phrases may be marked for their clausal role via -phān `non-subject' or -lòng `locative' but frequently remain unmarked for role. Their pragmatic status can be indicated with information structure markers for topic, focus, and additivity. Commonly used discourse constructions include elaborate expressions and parallelism more generally, general extenders, copy verb constructions, as well as a number of final particles. Audio files are available of the texts given in the appendices, particular examples illustrating phonological issues, and phonetic recordings of tone minimal sets. Supplemental files are located at: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/13657