Studenten und Konstrukteure mit verschiedener konstruktionsmethodischer Ausbildung wurden bezüglich ihres Vorgehens beim Konstruieren und ihrer Konstruktionsleistungen untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Wirkung der Ausbildung für drei Teilleistungen (Konzepte erstellen, Konzepte bewerten, Entwürfe erstellen) verschieden ist. Für die konstruktionsmethodischen Empfehlungen für die frühen Phasen wird eine neue Konzeption vorgeschlagen. Der Einfluss kognitiver Variablen (Arbeitsgedächtnis, heuristische Kompetenz, Interferenz) wurde untersucht.

Die Konferenz Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben hat bereits zum vierten Mal ein einzigartiges Konferenz- und Ausstellungsformat zum Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis in Produktentwicklung und Design angeboten. Am 27. und 28. Juni 2019 ermöglichten die Professuren Konstruktionstechnik/CAD und Technisches Design der Technischen Universität Dresden in Kooperation mit weiteren Partnern den 200 Teilnehmenden die fachübergreifende Diskussion zu den Themen • Interdisziplinärer Entwurf adaptiver Produktsysteme, • Entwickeln vernetzter Anwendungen für Industrie 4.0, • Konstruktion mit hybriden Werkstoffen und für additive Fertigungsprozesse, • Entwicklungsunterstützung durch Produktdatenmanagement und VR/AR, • Design nutzerzentriertem Erleben komplexer Produkt-Service-Systeme.:Quo vadis Digitalisierung: Die digitale Engineering-Kette und Ihre nachhaltige Wirkung auf die Wertschöpfung Heinz Simon Keil 9 Augmented Reality in der Produktvalidierung: Potenziale und Grenzen in frühen Entwicklungsphasen Jonas Reinemann, Joshua Fahl, Tobias Hirschter und Albert Albers 33 Konzept zur Verbesserung des realitätsgetreuen, visuellen Erlebens in virtuellen Umgebungen durch Eye-Tracking Benjamin Gerschütz, Marius Fechter, Benjamin Schleich und Sandro Wartzack 51 Mixed Reality Assistenzsystem zur visuellen Qualitätsprüfung mit Hilfe digitaler Produktfertigungsinformationen Stefan Adwernat und Matthias Neges 67 Ein Beitrag zur Verwendung von Technologien der Virtuellen Realität für Design-Reviews Margitta Pries, Ute Wagner, Johann Habakuk Israel und Thomas Jung 75 Eingriff in die Privatsphäre der Endanwender durch Augmented Reality-Anwendungen Matthias Neges und Jan Luca Siewert 87 Virtual Prototyping als agile Feedback-Methode für frühe Produktentwicklungsphasen Manuel Dudczig 97 aHa – Der adaptive Handgriff der Zukunft Paula Laßmann, Jonathan Kießling, Stephan Mayer, Benedikt Janny und Thomas Maier 107 Design-Education: Die Siemens HMI-Design Masterclass Oliver Gerstheimer, Romy Kniewel, Sebastian Frei und Felix Kranert 125 Nutzungsaspekte von Head-Mounted-Displays in industriellen Umgebungen Maximilian Peter Dammann, Martin Gebert und Ralph Stelzer 141 Selbstlernende Assistenzsysteme für Maschinenbediener Andre Schult, Lukas Oehm, Sebastian Carsch, Markus Windisch und Jens-Peter Majschak 159 Untersuchung der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion bei der Werkstückspannung beim Vertikal-Drehen Volker Wittstock, Patrick Puschmann, Adrian Albero Rojas, Matthias Putz und Heinrich Mödden 173 Entwicklungsassistenz zum Entwurf Innermaschineller Verfahren für Verarbeitungsmaschinen Paul Weber, Lukas Oehm, Sebastian Carsch, Andre Schult und Jens-Peter Majschak 185 Gestaltung nutzerzentrierter Assistenzen im Produktdatenmanagement Stephan Scheele und Frank Mantwill 201 Model-Based Engineering für die Automatisierung von Validierungsaktivitäten am Beispiel Fahrerassistenzsysteme Constantin Mandel, Sebastian Lutz, Olivia Rau, Matthias Behrendt und Albert Albers 221 Das Potenzial 3D-gedruckter Gradientenwerkstoffe für pharmazeutische Applikationen Tobias Flath, Alexandra Springwald, Michaela Schulz-Siegmund, Michael C. Hacker und Peter Schulze 239 Feature-Baukasten für FDM-Druckverfahren Franz Wieck, Tim Katzwinkel und Manuel Löwer 247 Gestalten mit hybriden Materialien – Additive Fertigung für neuartige, kundenindividuelle Stichschutzbekleidung Dustin Ahrendt, Sybille Krzywinski, Enric Justo i Massot und Jens Krzywinski 265 Individuelle Produktgestaltung mittels funktionsintegrierten AM-Knoten und Profilen am Beispiel eines Batteriekastens Richard Kordaß und Christian Arved Stürmer 281 Einführung in die Produktentwicklung im Rahmen eines Schülerlabors am Beispiel des PROJECT 10|2018 Nico Herzberg, Laura Marschner und Florian Schröder 299 Einflussfaktoren in der standortverteilten Produktgenerations-entwicklung – Eine literaturbasierte Momentaufnahme Katharina Duehr, David Kopp, Benjamin Walter, Markus Spadinger und Albert Albers 309 Szenarien verbinden Gerhard Glatzel und Mathias Wiehle 327 Iterationsarten und deren Auslöser in der Frühen Phase der PGE – Produktgenerationsentwicklung Miriam Wilmsen, Markus Spadinger, Albert Albers, Cong Minh Nguyen und Jonas Heimicke 339 Building Information Modeling (BIM) für Bahn-Bauwerke – von Datenakquisition bis Virtueller Realität Markus Färber, Thomas Preidel, Markus Schlauch, Bernhard Saske, Adrian Bernhardt, Michael Reeßing, Steffen Cersowsky und Ronny Krüger 355 Effiziente Produktion und Wartung durch die Industrie 4.0 – Anwendung Hashem Badra und Jivka Ovtcharova 371 Herausforderungen klassischer Maschinenelemente im nicht-elektrischen Explosionsschutz Sabrina Herbst, Thomas Guthmann und Frank Engelmann 383 Ein hybrider Ansatz für Festigkeitsnachweise von multiskaligen Strukturen Hans-Peter Prüfer 399 Interdisziplinäre Design Methodik Martin Eigner, Thomas Dickopf und Hristo Apostolov 415

Die Konferenz Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben hat bereits zum vierten Mal ein einzigartiges Konferenz- und Ausstellungsformat zum Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis in Produktentwicklung und Design angeboten. Am 27. und 28. Juni 2019 ermöglichten die Professuren Konstruktionstechnik/CAD und Technisches Design der Technischen Universität Dresden in Kooperation mit weiteren Partnern den 200 Teilnehmenden die fachübergreifende Diskussion zu den Themen • Interdisziplinärer Entwurf adaptiver Produktsysteme, • Entwickeln vernetzter Anwendungen für Industrie 4.0, • Konstruktion mit hybriden Werkstoffen und für additive Fertigungsprozesse, • Entwicklungsunterstützung durch Produktdatenmanagement und VR/AR, • Design nutzerzentriertem Erleben komplexer Produkt-Service-Systeme.:Finishing Perspective (Endbehandlung Perspektive) Ingmar S. Franke, Mario Linke, Christian Bendicks und Rainer Groh 9 Card Sorting basierter Ansatz zur Erarbeitung einer nutzungsgerechten Methodensammlung am Beispiel des IDE-Toolkits Martin Wiesner, Björn Kokoschko, Linh Bùi Duy und Laura Augustin 29 Feasibility-Labor“ – erste Vorstellung neuer Ansätze zur Optimierung der Designumsetzung im Automobilbau Knut Lender 41 MBSE-basierte Produktkonfiguratoren zur Analyse der Modularisierung bei der Entwicklung modularer Baukastensysteme Florian Seiler, Lea-Nadine Schwede und Dieter Krause 55 Branchenübergreifendes Benchmarking von variantenreichen Produktportfolios auf Basis von Produktstrukturen Christian Wyrwich und Georg Jacobs 71 Aspekte der Authentizität bei der Umsetzung eines künstlerischen Entwurfs mit 3D-Software-Werkzeugen Wolfgang Steger, Christine Schöne und Helmut Nitsche 91 Das Visionsmodell: Präzise Darstellung von Entwicklungszielen Laura Augustin, Michael Schabacker 105 Wissen und Heterogenität in der Produktentwicklung Alexandra Göhring 111 Kombination der experimentellen und numerischen Simulation zur Entwicklung dreidimensionaler Elektronik Florian Schaller, Fabian Kayatz und Cedric Sanjon 123 Lösungsansätze für eine nachhaltigkeitsorientierte, interdisziplinäre Produktentwicklung Barbara Gröbe-Boxdorfer 133 Szenariobasierte Validierung von Produktprofilen in der frühen Phase der PGE-Produktgenerationsentwicklung Florian Marthaler, Vincent Kutschera, Jonas Reinemann, Nikola Bursac und Albert Albers 149 Vergleich von Produktinnovationsarten – Worin die Unterschiede wirklich begründet liegen Jonas Heimicke, Valentin Zimmermann, Monika Klippert, Markus Spadinger und Albert Albers 165 Zusammenarbeit von Ingenieuren und Designern – die überarbeitete VDI/VDE-Richtlinie 2424 Robert Watty, Christian Zimmermann und Gerhard Reichert 181 IM-UX – Fragebogen zu intrinsischer Motivation in der User Experience Jette Selent und Michael Minge 195 Konzept zur Identifikation relevanter Produkteigenschaften zur Unterstützung einer positiven User Experience Tina Schröppel, Jörg Miehling und Sandro Wartzack 205 User Experience Design für Sicherheitstechnik – Ansatz und Methodik bei Dräger Safety Marlene Vogel, Matthias Willner, Christian Wölfel und Jens Krzywinski 219 3D-volldigitalisierte Behandlungsplanung bei Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten Christiane Kunert-Keil, Dominik Haim, Karol Kozak, Ines Zeidler-Rentzsch, Bernhard Weiland, Olaf Müller, Thomas Treichel und Günter Lauer 231 Automatische Vermessung der Knietopologie zur Unterstützung der Prothesenplanung für Kniearthroplastiken Sebastian Heerwald und Marc Mörig 243 Design und additive Fertigung von individualisierten biofunktionellen Implantaten in klinisch relevanten Dimensionen David Kilian, Philipp Sembdner, Stefan Holtzhausen, Tilman Ahlfeld, Christine Schöne, Anja Lode, Ralph Stelzer und Michael Gelinsky 253 Design von Medizinprodukten – Einfluss regulatorischer Anforderungen auf den Designprozess Christian Thomas 267 5G Sports – tragbare Technologiedemonstratoren im taktilen Internet Lisa-Marie Lüneburg, Emese Papp und Jens Krzywinski 277 Verbesserte Ergonomie durch Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration als sozio-technisches System Daniel Rücker, Kristin Paetzold und Rüdiger Hornfeck 295 Modellbasierter Systems Engineering Ansatz zur effizienten Aufbereitung von VR-Szenen Atif Mahboob, Stephan Husung, Christian Weber, Andreas Liebal und Heidi Krömker 309 Akzeptanz und Nutzererleben von körpergetragenen Assistenzsystemen im industriellen Anwendungsbereich Emese Papp und Christian Wölfel 323 Modell zur Unterstützung von Designentscheidungen auf strategischer Unternehmensebene im Industrial Design Frank Thomas Gärtner 335 Der Einfluss stilistischer Merkmale einer Entwurfsvisualisierung auf die semantischen Produkteigenschaften Frank Mühlbauer 347 Konstruktionslösungen mit Hilfe von Künstlicher Intelligenz Willi Gründer und Denis Polyakov 361 Das Analysekompetenz-Marktpriorität-Portfolio zum Vergleich von Datenanalyseprojekten in der Produktentwicklung Sebastian Klement, Bernhard Saske, Stephan Arndt und Ralph Stelzer 375 Einsatz von Graphdatenbanken für das Produktdatenmanagement im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 Christopher Sauer, Benjamin Schleich und Sandro Wartzack 393 Predictive Quality Management mit modellbasierten Services in kollaborierenden Netzwerken Andreas Trautheim-Hofmann 409 Softwareentwicklung ECM/WCM im Spannungsfeld KMUs–Großunternehmen Oliver Schwarz und Christian Kowalewski 419

Tesis por compendio / [EN] Anaerobic MBRs (AnMBRs) can provide the desired step towards sustainable wastewater treatment, broadening the range of application of anaerobic biotechnology to low-strength wastewaters (e.g. urban ones) or extreme environmental conditions (e.g. low operating temperatures). This alternative technology gathers the advantages of anaerobic treatment processes (e.g. low energy demand stemming from no aeration and energy recovery through methane production) jointly with the benefits of membrane technology (e.g. high quality effluent, and reduced space requirements). It is important to highlight that AnMBR may offer the possibility of operation in energy neutral or even being a net energy producer due to biogas generation. Other aspects that must be taken into account in AnMBR are the quality and nutrient recovery potential of the effluent and the low amount of sludge generated, which are of vital importance when assessing the environmental impact of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The main aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to assess the economic and environmental sustainability of AnMBR technology for urban wastewater treatment at ambient temperature. Specifically, this thesis focusses on the following aspects: (1) development of a detailed and comprehensive plant-wide energy model for assessing the energy demand of different wastewater treatment systems at both steady- and unsteady-state conditions; (2) proposal of a design methodology for AnMBR technology and identification of optimal AnMBR-based configurations by applying an overall life cycle cost (LCC) analysis; (3) life cycle assessment (LCA) of AnMBR-based technology at different temperatures; and (4) evaluation of the overall sustainability (economic and environmental) of AnMBR for urban wastewater treatment. In this research work, a plant-wide energy model coupled to the extended version of the plant-wide mathematical model BNRM2 is proposed. The proposed energy model was used for assessing the energy performance of different wastewater treatment processes. In order to propose a guidelines for designing AnMBR at full-scale and to identify optimal AnMBR-based configurations, the proposed energy model and LCC were used. LCA was used to assess the environmental performance of AnMBR-based technology at different temperatures. An overall sustainability (economic and environmental) assessment was conducted for: (a) assessing the implications of design and operating decisions by including sensitivity and uncertainty analysis and navigating trade-offs across environmental and economic criteria.; and (b) comparing AnMBR to aerobic-based technologies for urban wastewater treatment. This Ph.D. thesis is enclosed in a national research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation entitled "Using membrane technology for the energetic recovery of wastewater organic matter and the minimisation of the sludge produced" (MICINN project CTM2008-06809-C02-01/02). To obtain representative results that could be extrapolated to full-scale plants, this research work was carried out in an AnMBR system featuring industrial-scale hollow-fibre membrane units that was operated using effluent from the pre-treatment of the Carraixet WWTP (Valencia, Spain). / [ES] El reactor anaerobio de membranas sumergidas (AnMBR) puede proporcionar el paso deseado hacia un tratamiento sostenible del agua residual, ampliando la aplicabilidad de la biotecnología anaerobia al tratamiento de aguas residuales de baja carga (ej. agua residual urbana) o a condiciones medioambientales extremas (ej. bajas temperaturas de operación). Esta tecnología combina las ventajas de los procesos de tratamiento anaerobio (baja demanda energética gracias a la ausencia de aireación y a la recuperación energética a través de la producción de metano) con los beneficios de la tecnología de membranas (ej. efluente de alta calidad y reducidas necesidades de espacio). Cabe destacar que la tecnología AnMBR permite la posibilidad del autoabastecimiento energético del sistema debido a la generación de biogás. Otros aspectos que se deben considerar en el sistema AnMBR son el potencial de recuperación de nutrientes, la calidad del efluente generado y la baja cantidad de fangos producidos, siendo todos ellos de vital importancia cuando se evalúa el impacto medioambiental de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es evaluar la sostenibilidad económica y medioambiental de la tecnología AnMBR para el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas a temperatura ambiente. Concretamente, esta tesis se centra en las siguientes tareas: (1) desarrollo de un modelo de energía detallado y completo que permita evaluar la demanda energética global de diferentes sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales tanto en régimen estacionario como en transitorio; (2) propuesta de una metodología de diseño e identificación de configuraciones óptimas para la implementación de la tecnología AnMBR, aplicando para ello un análisis del coste de ciclo de vida (CCV); (3) análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) de la tecnología AnMBR a diferentes temperaturas; y (4) evaluación global de la sostenibilidad (económica y medioambiental) de la tecnología AnMBR para el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas. En este trabajo de investigación se propone un modelo de energía acoplado a la versión extendida del modelo matemático BNRM2. El modelo de energía propuesto se usó para evaluar la eficiencia energía de diferentes procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas. Con el fin de proponer unas directrices para el diseño de AnMBR a escala industrial e identificar las configuraciones óptimas para la implementación de dicha tecnología, se aplicaron tanto el modelo de energía propuesto como un análisis CCV. El ACV se usó para evaluar la viabilidad medioambiental de la tecnología AnMBR a diferentes temperaturas. En este trabajo se llevó a cabo una evaluación global de la sostenibilidad (económica y medioambiental) de la tecnología AnMBR para: (a) evaluar las implicaciones que conllevan ciertas decisiones durante el diseño y operación de dicha tecnología mediante un análisis de sensibilidad e incertidumbre, y examinar las contrapartidas en función de criterios económicos y medioambientales; y (b) comparar la tecnología AnMBR con tecnologías basadas en procesos aerobios para el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas. Esta tesis doctoral está integrada en un proyecto nacional de investigación, subvencionado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), con título "Modelación de la aplicación de la tecnología de membranas para la valorización energética de la materia orgánica del agua residual y la minimización de los fangos producidos" (MICINN, proyecto CTM2008-06809-C02-01/02). Para obtener resultados representativos que puedan ser extrapolados a plantas reales, esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo utilizando un sistema AnMBR que incorpora módulos comerciales de membrana de fibra hueca. Además, esta planta es alimentada con el efluente del pre-tratamiento de la EDAR del Barranco del Carraixet (Valencia, España). / [CA] El reactor anaerobi de membranes submergides (AnMBR) pot proporcionar el pas desitjat cap a un tractament d'aigües residuals sostenible, i suposa una extensió en l'aplicabilitat de la biotecnologia anaeròbia al tractament d'aigües residuals amb baixa càrrega (p.e. aigua residual urbana) o a condicions mediambientals extremes (p.e. baixes temperatures d'operació). Aquesta tecnologia alternativa reuneix els avantatges dels processos de tractament anaerobi (baixa demanda d'energia per l'estalvi de l'aireig i possibilitat de recuperació energètica per la producció de metà), conjuntament amb els beneficis de l'ús de de la tecnologia de membranes (p.e efluent d'alta qualitat, i reduïdes necessitats d'espai). Cal destacar que la tecnologia AnMBR permet la possibilitat de l'autoabastiment energètic del sistema degut a la generació de biogàs. Altres aspectes que s'han de considerar en el sistema AnMBR són el potencial de recuperació de nutrients, la qualitat de l'efluent i la baixa quantitat de fang generat, tots ells de vital importància quan s'avalua l'impacte mediambiental d'una planta de tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral és avaluar la sostenibilitat econòmica i mediambiental de la tecnologia AnMBR per al tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes a temperatura ambient. Concretament, aquesta tesi se centra en les tasques següents: (1) desenrotllament d'un detallat i complet model d'energia per al conjunt de la planta a fi d'avaluar la demanda d'energia de diferents sistemes de tractament d'aigües residuals tant en règim estacionari com en transitori; (2) proposta d'una metodologia de disseny i identificació de les configuracions òptimes de la tecnologia AnMBR mitjançant l'aplicació una anàlisi del cost de tot el cicle de vida (CCV) ; (3) anàlisi del cicle de vida (ACV) de la tecnologia AnMBR a diferents temperatures; i (4) avaluació global de la sostenibilitat (econòmica i mediambiental) de la tecnologia AnMBR per al tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes. En aquest treball d'investigació es proposa un model d'energia a nivell de tota la planta acoblat a la versió estesa del model matemàtic BNRM2. El model d'energia proposat s'ha utilitzat per a avaluar l'eficiència energètica de diferents processos de tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes. A fi de proposar unes directrius per al disseny d'AnMBR a escala industrial i identificar les configuracions òptimes de la tecnologia AnMBR, s'ha aplicat tant el model d'energia proposat, com el cost del cicle de vida (CCV). L'anàlisi del cicle de vida (ACV) s'ha utilitzat per a avaluar el rendiment mediambiental de la tecnologia AnMBR a diferents temperatures. En aquest treball s'ha dut a terme una avaluació global de la sostenibilitat (econòmica i mediambiental) de la tecnologia AnMBR per a: (a) avaluar les implicacions de les decisions de disseny i operació per mitjà d'una anàlisi de sensibilitat i incertesa i examinar les contrapartides en funció de criteris econòmics i mediambientals; i (b) comparar la tecnologia AnMBR amb tecnologies basades en processos aerobis per al tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes. Aquesta tesi doctoral està integrada en un projecte nacional d'investigació, subvencionat pel Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), amb títol "Modelación de la aplicación de la tecnología de membranas para la valorización energética de la materia orgánica del agua residual y la minimización de los fangos producidos" (MICINN, projecte CTM2008-06809-C02-01/02). Per a obtenir resultats representatius que puguen ser extrapolats a plantes reals, aquesta tesi doctoral s'ha dut a terme utilitzant un sistema AnMBR que incorpora mòduls comercials de membrana de fibra buida. A més, aquesta planta és alimentada amb l'efluent del pretractament de l'EDAR del Barranc del Carraixet (València, Espanya). / Pretel Jolis, R. (2015). Environmental and economic sustainability of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors treating urban wastewater [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58864 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis proposes a family of non-isolated bidirectional converter in order to interface dc and ac variables. Such power electronics solutions guarantee: (i) bidirectional power flow between dc and ac converter sides, (ii) independent control in both converter sides, (iii) high level of integration with a reduction of one power switch and its drive circuits, (iv) implementation of two functions by using a unique power conversion stage and (v) reduction of the capacitor losses. Despite proposing new power converter solutions, this thesis presents an analysis of the converters in terms of pulse-width-modulation (PWM) strategy, dc-link capacitor variables, and suitable a control approach. Solutions for single-phase, three-phase and three-phase four-wire systems are proposed by employing a converter leg with three switches. A possible application of this converter is in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems and interfacing dc microgrid with a utility grid. In addition to the new power electronics converters proposed in this thesis, an experimental setup has been developed for validation of the simulated outcomes. The proof-of-concept experimental setup is constituted by: DSP, Drivers & Integrating Board, Power Supply and, Power Converter & Heat-Sink .

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The existing topologies of solar micro inverter use a number of stages before the DC input voltage can be converted to AC output voltage. These stages may contain one or more power converters. It may also contain a diode rectifier, transformer and filter. The number of active and passive components is very high. In this thesis, the design of a new solar micro inverter is proposed. This new micro inverter consists of a new single switch inverter which is obtained by modifying the already existing single ended primary inductor (SEPIC) DC-DC converter. This new inverter is capable of generating pure sinusoidal waveform from DC input voltage. The design and operation of the new inverter are studied in detail. This new inverter works with a controller to produce any kind of output waveform. The inverter is found to have four different modes of operation. The new inverter is modeled using state space averaging. The system is a fourth order system which is non-linear due to the inherent switching involved in the circuit. The system is linearized around an operating point to study the system as a linear system. The control to output transfer function of the inverter is found to be non-minimum phase. The transfer functions are studied using root locus. From the control perspective, the presence of right half zero makes the design of the controller structure complicated. The PV cell is modeled using the cell equations in MATLAB. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is implemented to make sure the output power of the PV cell is always maximum which allows full utilization of the power from the PV cell. The perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is the simplest and is used here. The use of this new inverter eliminates the various stages involved in the conventional solar micro inverter. Simulation and experimental results carried out on the setup validate the proposed structure of inverter.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The emergence of information exchange and act of offering features through external interfaces is a vast but immensely valuable challenge, and essential elements of learning environments cannot be excluded. Nowadays, there are a lot of different service providers working in the learning systems market and each of them has their own advantages. On that premise, in today's world even large learning management systems are trying to cooperate with each other in order to be best. For instance, Instructure is a substantial company and can easily employ a dedicated team tasked with the development of a video conferencing functionality, but it chooses to use an open source alternative instead: The BigBlueButton. Unfortunately, different learning system manufacturers are using different technologies for various reasons, making integration that much harder. Standards in learning environments have come to resolve problems regarding exchanging information, providing and consuming functionalities externally and simultaneously minimizing the amount of effort needed to integrate systems. In addition to defining and simplifying these standards, careful consideration is essential when designing new, comprehensive and useful systems, as well as adding interoperability to existing systems, all which subsequently took part in this research. In this research I have reviewed most of the standards and protocols for integration in learning environments and proposed a revised approach for app stores in learning environments. Finally, as a case study, a learning tool has been developed to avail essential functionalities of a social educational learning management system integrated with other learning management systems. This tool supports the dominant and most popular standards for interoperability and can be added to learning management systems within seconds.

[pt] Atualmente a pesquisa com usuários vem ganhando projeção como diferencial no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de interface digital, incluindo atividades que envolvem análises e observações no contexto de uso, feedbacks e avaliações. O usuário, que anteriormente era um coadjuvante, passou a ter destaque como ator principal, tornando-se peça-chave no levantamento de requisitos de um produto, em meio a um mercado competitivo em constante transformação. Pela necessidade de adequação a frequentes mudanças, a agilidade se tornou um elemento essencial, como processo alternativo de desenvolvimento. Desse modo, uma metodologia ágil foi adotada como forma de suprir a demanda pela rapidez no lançamento dos produtos, modificando profundamente a maneira como eles são estruturados e desenvolvidos, influenciados principalmente pelo fator tempo. Consequentemente, as atividades que envolvem pesquisas, ideações e avaliações tem o tempo reduzido, comprometendo a pesquisa com usuários e a aplicação dos princípios do Design Centrado no Humano. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a pesquisa com usuários em consonância com a aplicação de metodologias ágeis no desenvolvimento de produtos digitais. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica, foi permitido aprofundar os conceitos sobre o design centrado no usuário, seus princípios, as metodologias associadas e seus processos, e relacioná-lo às metodologias ágeis. Mediante as entrevistas, foi possível, também, o entendimento sobre os problemas enfrentados pelos profissionais de UX na aplicação das práticas de design centrado no usuário nas organizações, gerando insumos para aplicação de um questionário online que produziu uma compreensão e análise sobre as atividades relacionadas à pesquisa com usuários na aplicação das metodologias ágeis nas empresas do mercado brasileiro. Esta pesquisa revela como os profissionais de UX aplicam as atividades que envolvem a pesquisa com usuários em conjunto com as metodologias ágeis de acordo com a amostra coletada, evidenciando as influências no desenvolvimento dos produtos segundo as características organizacionais apresentadas. / [en] Currently, user research has been gaining a projection as a differentiator in the development of digital interface products and services, including activities that involve analysis and observations in the context of use, feedback and evaluation. The user, who was previously a supporting actor, has become a major player, key in the product requirements specification, in the midst of a competitive market in constant transformation.. Due to the need to adapt to frequent changes, agility has become an essential element as an alternative development process. This way, an agile methodology was adopted as a way of supporting the demand for speed in the launch of products, thus, deeply modifying the way they are structured and developed, influenced mainly by the time factor. Consequently, activities involving research, ideation, and evaluation are time-consuming, which compromises user research and the application of the principles of User-Centered Design. Therefore, the present research aims at investigating the research with users in consonance with the application of agile methodologies in the development of digital products. The literature review, allowed us to gain in depth knowledge about user-centered design, its principles, associated methodologies and its processes, and to relate UCD to agile methodologies. Through the interviews, it was also possible to understand the issues faced by UX professionals in the application of user-centered design practices in organizations, which generated inputs for the application of an online survey, which in turn enabled both the analysis of activities related to user research in the application of agile methodologies in the Brazilian market. This research reveals how UX professionals apply the activities that involve research with users along with agile methodologies according to the collected sample, the research findings also show what influences in the development of their products according to the presented organizational characteristics.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The substantial increase demand for electrical energy requires high efficient apparatus dealing with energy conversion. Several technologies have been suggested to implement power supplies with higher efficiency, such as multilevel and interleaved converters. This thesis proposes an energy conversion unit with an optimized number of output voltage levels per number of switches nL=nS. The proposed five-level four-switch per phase converter has nL=nS=5/4 which is by far the best relationship among the converters presented in technical literature. A comprehensive literature review on existing five-level converter topologies is done to compare the proposed topology with conventional multilevel converters. The most important characteristics of the proposed configuration are: (i) reduced number of semiconductor devices, while keeping a high number of levels at the output converter side, (ii) only one DC source without any need to balance capacitor voltages, (iii) high efficiency, (iv) there is no dead-time requirement for the converters operation, (v) leg isolation procedure with lower stress for the DC-link capacitor. Single-phase and three-phase version of the proposed converter is presented in this thesis. Details regarding the operation of the configuration and modulation strategy are presented, as well as the comparison between the proposed converter and the conventional ones. Simulated results are presented to validate the theoretical expectations. In addition a fault tolerant converter based on proposed topology for micro-grid systems is presented. A hybrid pulse-width-modulation for the pre-fault operation and transition from the pre-fault to post-fault operation will be discussed. Selected steady-state and transient results are demonstrated to validate the theoretical modeling.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This research proposes state-of-the-art multilevel converter topologies and their modulation strategies, the implementation of a conventional flying-capacitor converter topology up to four-level, and a new four-level flying-capacitor H-Bridge converter confi guration. The three phase version of this proposed four-level flying-capacitor H-Bridge converter is given as well in this study. The highlighted advantages of the proposed converter are as following: (1) the same blocking voltage for all switches employed in the con figuration, (2) no capacitor midpoint connection is needed, (3) reduced number of passive elements as compared to the conventional solution, (4) reduced total dc source value by comparison with the conventional topology. The proposed four-level capacitor-clamped H-Bridge converter can be utilized as a multilevel inverter application in an electri fied railway system, or in hybrid electric vehicles. In addition to the implementation of the proposed topology in this research, its experimental setup has been designed to validate the simulation results of the given converter topologies.