CDPs are an overlooked component of the metropolitan region, and add to the understanding of the region as a whole. Large CDPs that remain unincorporated have other forms of governance, either public or private. CDPs are equivalent to incorporated places in many ways, but have distinctive differences based on state and region. Large CDPs have reasons for not incorporating. A subset of these CDPs that are similar to Boomburbs are examined. Implications for planners regarding CDP existence are discussed. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

This dissertation is a case study into participant perceptions of innovation in education. The participants in this research were four directors from two 'designated character' schools, which were set up to be foundationally different from traditional schools through opportunities to explore radical innovation. That is, both schools were conceptualised as sites for exploring radical rather than incremental change. The central questions asked in this study were - what makes for radical innovation in schools; and how is the use of ICT implicated in innovation in schools? The literature review indicated that while there has been an increase in the information regarding innovation in education there has been little research into how this was being developed in non-traditional settings, or in ways that were radical. The role of ICTs in developing innovation was also reviewed, given that the two 'designated character' schools being studied had strong support for ICTs. The main aims of this study were: to identify the features of radical innovation in schools; to explore the barriers against, and drivers for, innovation in schools; to provide insight into the use of ICTs to influence innovation in schools; to contribute to the literature regarding innovation in schools; and to identify future opportunities to innovate. This study was a qualitative one, with symbolic interactionism as its theoretical underpinning. Data were gathered through the use of concept mapping, interviews and a focus group activity. The findings of the study were that radical innovation in schools occurs when there is a cultural shift in the whole notion of schooling. This is difficult to achieve, even for schools that have been set up to be foundationally different. However, such schools can provide examples of some innovative practices that are 'greenfields'. The use of ICTs, while not required for innovation, helps schools create innovative ideas, especially those ideas based around the needs of individual learners. There is a greater chance that this will lead to innovation being sustained. These findings have implications for policy makers to allow schools that are more innovative to try new ideas and to be supported to do so.

The central objective of this study was to establish the extent to which public procurement, as applied at Sedibeng District Municipality, contributes to the development of designated suppliers. Previously, procurement was considered just another function of government responsible for purchasing and receiving goods. Currently, procurement is considered a strategic function that can be utilized by government to achieve certain policy objectives, such as Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and Local Economic Development (LED).If implemented properly, without favoritism, nepotism and corruption, public sector procurement will promote the empowerment of designated groups. In this way, it will address socio-economic imbalances of the past. The study's hypothesis implied that Sedibeng District Municipality has laudable objectives to promote black economic empowerment through procurement. However, the implementation procedures and processes showed considerable constraints. Academic literature and government procurement documents were reviewed; and interviews were conducted at Sedibeng municipal area. The literature study was based on best procurement practices both in government and private sector. Empirical research was conducted on Sedibeng District Municipality's procurement unit practices, Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise development and the benefits of procurement to designated suppliers. The purpose was to determine the role that procurement policies play in promoting black economic empowerment. Eventually, a number of models and systems were recommended to improve procurement policies and procedures at Sedibeng District Municipality. These methods include: Management Assessment System; Realistic Objectives System; Departmental Evaluation Plan; Contract Progress Report Form; and Checklists. In the view of the researcher, a combination of these methods can assist to improve procurement policies and procedures. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

This dissertation examines the appointment of designated directors on boards of directors. Designated director appointments are uncontested board appointments by activist investors, whereby normal nominating and voting election procedures are circumvented. Instances such as these, where directors are appointed rather than elected, are a form of shareholder access to the proxy. In this dissertation, new evidence is provided that is relevant to the proxy access debate by investigating the hypothesis that firms with appointed designated directors have different firm and governance characteristics than firms with elected directors. In particular, the following questions are asked: what are the shareholder wealth effects surrounding the announcement of (i) a designated director on a board, (ii) the appointment of a new designated director to a board, and (iii) a designated director continuing service on the board? Also, what firm and governance characteristics lead to the appointment of a designated director on the board? The answers to these questions can help determine whether firms with better corporate governance structures are more likely to have designated directors appointed to their boards because they are serving all shareholders’ interests, or whether firms with worse corporate governance are less likely to have designated directors appointed because of the board of directors’ insulation.

<p>Inom ramen för den mekaniserade bataljonens organisation har ett flertal plutoner blivit tilldelade PSG90 som skarpskyttebeväpning. Frågan är om denna beväpning skapar effekt för förbandet? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka skarpskyttens roll och beväpningsalternativ inom ramen för den mekaniserade bataljonen.</p><p>Uppsatsen avsåg att genom en hypotesprovning undersöka om tilldelningen av PSG90 till ett flertal plutoner i den mekaniserade bataljonen skapar ökad effekt för förbandet. Undersökningen krävde en delad frågeställning där först själv begreppet skarpskytt behövde definieras. Därefter krävdes en undersökning av denna definition jämtemot empiri för att etablera eftersökta effekter med skarpskytten. Slutligen genomfördes en komparation mellan olika vapensystem, som finns tillgängliga i den svenska arsenalen, och hur dessa förhåller sig till de eftersökta effekterna.</p><p>Uppsatsens resultat kan sammanfattas på följande sätt: Den svenska definitionen av skarpskytt är i sin nuvarande form minimalistisk i jämförelse med andra länders definiton. Skarpskytten måste i den mekaniserade bataljonen lösa många olika former av strid där olika beväpningsalternativ innebär olika för och nackdelar. Tillförandet av PSG90 som skarpskyttebeväpning är inte tillräckligt i förhållande till eftersökta effekter, varpå antingen en prioritering av uppgifter måste göras alternativt en dubbelbeväpning av skarpskytten blir nödvändig.</p> / <p>In the organizational schematic of the mechanized battalion, several platoons have been issued PSG90 sniper rifles as Designated Marksman armament. This raises the question if this armament creates any increased effects for the unit? The purpose of this essay is to examine the role and choice of armament for the Designated Marksman within the mechanized battalion.</p><p>The essay tests the hypothesis that assigning PSG90 sniper rifles to various platoons within the battalion leads to increased effects of the unit. This examination uses several methods of examining this hypothesis. Initially the Swedish definition of Designated Marksman is examined in relations to other countries definitions. Secondly the desired effects are defined from the empiric materiel. Finally a comparison between options of armament available with the Swedish arsenal is made and related to the desired effects.</p><p>The result of the essay can be summarized in the following ways: The Swedish definition of Designated Marksman is in its current form minimalistic in relation to other countries definitions. The Designated Marksman must be able to handle a number of different combat situations where different weapons alternatives offer different pros and cons. The issuing of PSG90 sniper rifles as armament for the designated marksman is insufficient in relations to the desired effects. This results in a situation where tasks either have to be prioritized in relation to the equipment or where the Designated Marksman has to be issued to different weapons, depending on different combat situations.</p>

In recent years, Taiwan's rapid economic growth, people¡¦s living standard improves year by year thereupon. People pay attention to the issue of health consciousness, in addition, the advancement of medical technology makes the human lifespan extend. Gradually, population structure tends toward dvanced age, therefore the concepts of health care are in great demand. The pressure of busy daily life, lack of exercise and sleep, and always eat out, that causing assimilation of nutrition unbalanced, health foods have become a fast and convenient way of supplement in modern days. This also makes the demand of health foods increasing day by day. However, the channel of purchasing health foods can be many different types, which particular type of channel will the consumers choose to purchase health foods? This research focuses on the key successful factors of marketing health foods through the channel of radio station, choosing the radio stations and designated pharmacies in south region of Chiayi. Using SWOT analysis and Porter 5 force analysis, probing into the intricate relation among the host, supplier, distributor, and audience of these radio stations, we attempt to seek a more stable and permanent business model in this health food market that expanding and growing continuously, as well as in the environment with keen competition.

Inom ramen för den mekaniserade bataljonens organisation har ett flertal plutoner blivit tilldelade PSG90 som skarpskyttebeväpning. Frågan är om denna beväpning skapar effekt för förbandet? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka skarpskyttens roll och beväpningsalternativ inom ramen för den mekaniserade bataljonen. Uppsatsen avsåg att genom en hypotesprovning undersöka om tilldelningen av PSG90 till ett flertal plutoner i den mekaniserade bataljonen skapar ökad effekt för förbandet. Undersökningen krävde en delad frågeställning där först själv begreppet skarpskytt behövde definieras. Därefter krävdes en undersökning av denna definition jämtemot empiri för att etablera eftersökta effekter med skarpskytten. Slutligen genomfördes en komparation mellan olika vapensystem, som finns tillgängliga i den svenska arsenalen, och hur dessa förhåller sig till de eftersökta effekterna. Uppsatsens resultat kan sammanfattas på följande sätt: Den svenska definitionen av skarpskytt är i sin nuvarande form minimalistisk i jämförelse med andra länders definiton. Skarpskytten måste i den mekaniserade bataljonen lösa många olika former av strid där olika beväpningsalternativ innebär olika för och nackdelar. Tillförandet av PSG90 som skarpskyttebeväpning är inte tillräckligt i förhållande till eftersökta effekter, varpå antingen en prioritering av uppgifter måste göras alternativt en dubbelbeväpning av skarpskytten blir nödvändig. / In the organizational schematic of the mechanized battalion, several platoons have been issued PSG90 sniper rifles as Designated Marksman armament. This raises the question if this armament creates any increased effects for the unit? The purpose of this essay is to examine the role and choice of armament for the Designated Marksman within the mechanized battalion. The essay tests the hypothesis that assigning PSG90 sniper rifles to various platoons within the battalion leads to increased effects of the unit. This examination uses several methods of examining this hypothesis. Initially the Swedish definition of Designated Marksman is examined in relations to other countries definitions. Secondly the desired effects are defined from the empiric materiel. Finally a comparison between options of armament available with the Swedish arsenal is made and related to the desired effects. The result of the essay can be summarized in the following ways: The Swedish definition of Designated Marksman is in its current form minimalistic in relation to other countries definitions. The Designated Marksman must be able to handle a number of different combat situations where different weapons alternatives offer different pros and cons. The issuing of PSG90 sniper rifles as armament for the designated marksman is insufficient in relations to the desired effects. This results in a situation where tasks either have to be prioritized in relation to the equipment or where the Designated Marksman has to be issued to different weapons, depending on different combat situations.

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection has set designated uses for all of the 83,000 miles of waterways based on their quality. Only the highest quality streams are afforded the highest protection with a High Quality (HQ) or Exceptional Value (EV). Little Sewickley Creek is designated as a High Quality-Trout Stocking Fishery and may warrant redesignation as an Exceptional Value waterway. The aim of the study was to provide technical data on the stream to support an EV reclassification. The report has compiled previous data and collected new data in order to file a formal petition to the PA DEP. The petition process involves consideration of physical, chemical, biological data on the stream, along with the land use of the watershed. The report gives an example of a stream located just outside of Pittsburgh that has extremely high biodiversity and deserves the highest protection to preserve it for future generations. / Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; / Environmental Science and Management (ESM) / MS; / Thesis;

Att samtidigt göra en satsning på sin idrott och skolan ställer krav på individen. Dessa krav kan leda till idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. Att hitta faktorer som påverkar idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet är viktigt för att kunna förebygga och förhindra problemet. Många olika faktorer har visat sig påverka och en faktor som behöver undersökas noggrannare är den sociala faktorn. En sådan social faktor är tränare- aktiv relationen. Syftet var att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan symptom av idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet och den upplevda kvalitén på tränare- aktiv relationen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes av 107 idrottsgymnasieelever (34 tjejer och 73 killar) i åldrarna 15-18 år. Idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet visade sig vara negativt korrelerat med tränare- aktiv relationen. Underkategorin Complementary visade sig vara den som visade starkast samband med idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. 16 procent av eleverna på skolan upplevde höga symtom. Instruktörer på skolan bör fundera igenom deras relationer med eleverna och hur dessa kan förbättras för att reducera problemet. Idrottsgymnasier borde fundera kring både hur kraven både inom skolan och inom elevernas respektive idrott ser ut under de tre gymnasieåren.

The mobile technology is being developed very fast and it is a general situation where people can fetch or edit files via the Internet by mobile devices such as notebooks, smart phones, and so on. Due to possible possession of various devices of a user, it may be inconvenient for him to synchronize a file such that he cannot edit the same file via his devices easily. Recently, the cloud technology is becoming more and more popular and there are some new business models launched. One of them is a storage platform Dropbox which can synchronize users' files in their own devices and also allow users to share their files to others. However, Dropbox was indicated that the privacy of the files has not been protected well. Many encryption schemes have been proposed in the literature, but most of them do not support the property of secret file sharing when deploying them in cloud environment. Even though some schemes support the property, they can only provide a file owner to share all of his files with others. In some situations, the file owner may want to ensure that the receiver cannot decrypt the ciphertext until a specified time arrives. The existing encryption schemes cannot achieve these goals simultaneously. Hence, in order to cope with these problems, we propose a timed-release proxy conditional re-encryption scheme for cloud computing. Not only are users¡¦ files stored safely but also each user can freely share a desired file with another user. Furthermore, the receiver cannot obtain any information of the file until the chosen time arrives. Finally, we also demonstrate the security of our proposed scheme via formal proofs.