<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Detta examensarbete är ett utformningsprojekt av en platsbyggd villa. Frågeställningen till</p><p>projektet var hur man kan utforma en villa.</p><p>Jag har undersökt vilka A-ritningar, K-ritningar samt statiska beräkningar som behövs för att</p><p>producera en platsbyggd villa.</p><p>Resultatet visar färdiga ritningar till bygghandlingar vilket betyder enplans villa med</p><p>attraktiv/öppen planlösning och en stark byggnadsstil med tydliga inflytanden av funkisstil.</p><p>Detta tydliggörs genom pulpettaken, och fasaden som är delvis liggande panel, delvis vit</p><p>putsad.</p><p>Yta: 153 kvm</p><p>Antal rum: 6, varav sovrum: 3</p> / <p>Abstract (in English)</p><p>"This thesis work is a design project of an on-site construcktions. The issue addressed by the project was how to</p><p>devise and design an detached house</p><p>I have examined which architecture-drawings, construcktion-drawings and static calculations are needed to</p><p>produce an on-site construcktions detached house.</p><p>The result is presented in the finished drawings for the construction documents, which show a one-storey</p><p>detached house with an attractive/accessible construction plan. It uses the combination of a strong style of</p><p>architecture and a clear influence of functional design. This is clarified by the bench ceilings, and the facade,</p><p>which is partly laying panel, partly white trimmed.</p><p>Size: 153 square meters</p><p>Number of rooms: 6, where of 3 are bedrooms."</p>

This thesis explains basic problems related to construction of the building. A primary goal of this work was set to work out a project of small detached house in given locality. This project has to reflect requirements of modern young family living. The appearance of house also has to respect circumstances of rural surrounding. The Local plan sets out a land use strategy for the district. During this work were all the regulations of planning policy followed. Designing building layouts to maximize the space use and improve accessibility inside buildings are important consideration for building designers. There were two possible building layouts designed. After due consideration was one of these variants chosen for further elaboration. The considerable work has been done by taking a general overview of the building process preparation. The main conclusion of this work is not only the spatial layout of one single house. Building law in the Czech Republic was completely modified year 2007. In connection with this modification, this work also provides a useful outline of new building act.

In the diploma thesis "Bid and realized prices as a source for comparative valuation method", identical detached houses will be valued first on the basis of tendering procedure and then on the basis of realized prices. Based on our own real estate database in the Brno-venkov district, ten databases of comparative properties will be created in the southern part of the Brno-venkov district. These ten databases will be assigned to the valued detached houses and then compared with the direct comparative valuation method. In the first place, according to the offer prices, the source of which is the aforementioned real estate database and then according to realized prices, the source of which is the price data from purchase contracts registered in the Land Register for the South Moravian Region. Database results - usual prices, will be subsequently analyzed and evaluated. Then the results will be interpreted and the differences between the usual prices and the input data from the database will be discussed.

In the thesis "Price sources for the comparative valutation method for houses in the southern part of the Brno-venkov district," ten identical family homes will be valued first on the basis of bidding, without taking into account prices realised, and then on the basis of realized prices. Based on the entry database of properties in the Brno-venkov district, ten databases of comparison properties in the southern part of the Brno-venkov district will be created. These ten databases will be assigned to identical ten detached houses first with bidding prices and then with prices realized. The ten identical detached houses will then be awarded a direct comparative valuation method in twenty databases generated. First, on the basis of the offer prices, the source of which is the aforementioned entry property database, and then on the basis of the prices realized, the source of which is the price data from the purchase agreements registered in the Land Registry for the South Moravian Region. Database results - prices usual, will then be analysed and evaluated. The results will then be interpreted and the differences between the usual prices and input data from the input database will be discussed.

Ground vehicles are subjected to crosswind from various origins such as weather, topography of the ambient environment (land, forest, tunnels, high bushes...) or surrounding traffic. The trend of lowering the weight of vehicles imposes a stronger need for understanding the coupling between crosswind stability, the vehicle external shape and the dynamic properties. Means for reducing fuel consumption of ground vehicles can also conflict with the handling and dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Streamlined design of vehicle shapes to lower the drag can be a good example of this dilemma. If care is not taken, the streamlined shape can lead to an increase in yaw moment under crosswind conditions which results in a poor handling. The development of numerical methods provides efficient tools to investigate these complex phenomena that are difficult to reproduce experimentally. Time accurate and scale resolving methods, like Detached-Eddy Simulations (DES), are particularly of interest, since they allow a better description of unsteady flows than standard Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. Moreover, due to the constant increase in computational resources, this type of simulations complies more and more with industrial interests and design cycles. In this thesis, the possibilities offered by DES to simulate unsteady crosswind aerodynamics of simple vehicle models in an industrial framework are explored. A large part of the work is devoted to the grid design, which is especially crucial for truthful results from DES. Additional concerns in simulations of unsteady crosswind aerodynamics are highlighted, especially for the resolution of the wind-gust boundary layer profiles. Finally, the transient behaviour of the aerodynamic loads and the flow structures are analyzed for several types of vehicles. The results simulated with DES are promising and the overall agreement with the experimental data available is good, which illustrates a certain reliability in the simulations. In addition, the simulations show that the force coefficients exhibit highly transient behaviour under gusty conditions. / ECO2 Crosswind Stability and Unsteady Aerodynamics for Ground Vehicles

Most of the detached houses in Sweden were built more than 30 years ago, and most of them are oldand need a deep renovation. The renovation is an excellent opportunity to apply the energy measure witha combination of renewable energy such as PV solar, which could be a great option to reduce energyconsumption and contribute to reducing greenhouse emissions. For this reason, selecting effectiverenovation scenarios for buildings could be important and challenging. One of these challenges isapplying typical scenarios for one archetype's buildings. A building could be in the same archetypeswith similar geometry and properties but in different directions. In this study, the researcher aims toinvestigate the yearly heat demand energy saving of buildings from one archetype, the same renovationscenario, and the same area but in four different directions, 0-30-60-90 degrees from the south (casestudies).This project's additional aim is to examine the electricity generation from PV when installedon one and both sides for four houses in the same area in four different directions, 0-30-60-90 degreesfrom the south. Design Builder software was used as a graphical user interface through the Energy Plus engine. In thisway, the heat demand of case studies was simulated for different scenarios (Standard renovation andadvanced renovation) in the Växjö region. The results from the simulation of the houses with differentdirections showed that the heat demand energy decreased by, on average, 20% for standard and 28% foradvanced renovation. The comparison of the case studies with the same renovation scenario concludesthat they are no differences in the heat energy savings, which means the direction of the building has nobig impact on the energy saving of the renovation scenario in the Växjö region. The installation side ofthe PV has no impact on the annual electricity generation from PV for the house with a direction of 0degrees from the south. For the other houses, the yearly electricity generation from the PV increased by36.8% with one side on the roof (South direction). House number 4 is the best direction to install PVwith one side on the roof (south direction), and house 3 is the next best direction to install PV on oneside. When installed on both sides of the roof, the annual electricity generation from the PV decreased by5,3% with four houses in different directions. The changes are not so high may be due to the weather ofthe Växjö, which is 65 % cloudy according to the weather data file from TMY. Another reason is thatthe PV was installed on both sides of the pitched roof. When the houses have different directions, 0 to90 degrees from the south, that may be increased the electricity generation from the PV on one side andreduce it on the other.

Introduction: Sweden's climate creates several challenges to achieve habitable indoor climate. In Sweden, it is most common for detached houses of wooden construction to use mineral wool or wood fibre to insulate the exterior walls. While mineral wool and wood fibre are the most popular choices, there are several other alternative insulation materials that can be beneficial. The thesis deals with four insulation materials where stone wool and wood fibre are pitted against the more modern materials PIR and PUR to investigate which is most advantageous with the help of life cycle analysis, life cycle cost analysis and energy use in production, installation and end of life. The three criteria are then summed up in a multi-criteria analysis to decide which material is most beneficial.  Method: To reach a result, a literature study and case study is conducted with life cycle analysis, life cycle cost analysis and energy use. The life cycle assessment answers question 1, the life cycle cost analysis answers question 2 and the multi-criteria analysis answers question 3.  Results &amp; Analysis: Four different insulation materials in a wood-constructed wall were studied where PIR and PUR were considered in two different forms, onewith the same U-value as the stone wool and wood fibre, the other with the same thickness as the stone wool and wood fibre. The different variants are studied using the different criteria in the multi-criteria analysis. The material that has the best environmental impact in the life cycle analysis is wood fibre and then the thin PIR, stone wool, thick PIR, thin PUR and lastly thick PUR. In the life cycle cost analysis, the stone wool is most price efficient, then wood fibre, thin PIR, thick PIR, thin PUR and the most expensive price has the thick PUR. The material with the least energy use throughout the life of the material is wood fibre which is 100 % recyclable, after the wood fibre comes stone wool, thin PIR, thick PIR, thin PUR and the most energy use for the life of the material has thick PUR. Finally, the different results are summarized and show that wood fibre is the material that is most advantageous with the criteria chosen, while the thick variation of PUR is the least advantageous in both environmental aspect and cost.  Discussion: The three methods of analysis that have been used in this work have their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that they show concrete answers, and the disadvantages are mainly the programs they are performed on. Input into these programs has been thorough, but as they are slow and difficult to navigate, there may be a risk of errors. The multi-criteria analysis should be reviewed, and more criteria examined is recommended.

<p>Train transportation is a vital part of the transportation system of today anddue to its safe and environmental friendly concept it will be even more impor-tant in the future. The speeds of trains have increased continuously and withhigher speeds the aerodynamic effects become even more important. One aero-dynamic effect that is of vital importance for passengers’ and track workers’safety is slipstream, i.e. the flow that is dragged by the train. Earlier ex-perimental studies have found that for high-speed passenger trains the largestslipstream velocities occur in the wake. Therefore the work in this thesis isdevoted to wake flows. First a test case, a surface-mounted cube, is simulatedto test the analysis methodology that is later applied to a train geometry, theAerodynamic Train Model (ATM). Results on both geometries are comparedwith other studies, which are either numerical or experimental. The comparisonfor the cube between simulated results and other studies is satisfactory, whiledue to a trip wire in the experiment the results for the ATM do not match.The computed flow fields are used to compute the POD and Koopman modes.For the cube this is done in two regions of the flow, one to compare with a priorpublished study Manhart & Wengle (1993) and another covering more of theflow and especially the wake of the cube. For the ATM, a region containing theimportant flow structures is identified in the wake, by looking at instantaneousand fluctuating velocities. To ensure converged POD modes two methods toinvestigate the convergence are proposed, tested and applied. Analysis of themodes enables the identification of the important flow structures. The flowtopologies of the two geometries are very different and the flow structures arealso different, but the same methodology can be applied in both cases. For thesurface-mounted cube, three groups of flow structures are found. First groupis the mean flow and then two kinds of perturbations around the mean flow.The first perturbation is at the edge of the wake, relating to the shear layerbetween the free stream and the disturbed flow. The second perturbation isinside the wake and is the convection of vortices. These groups would then betypical of the separation bubble that exists in the wake of the cube. For theATM the main flow topology consists of two counter rotating vortices. Thiscan be seen in the decomposed modes, which, except for the mean flow, almostonly contain flow structures relating to these vortices.</p> / QC 20100518 / Gröna Tåget

Según estudios realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, en la región de Puno, en los censos de 1993 y 2007 existe un crecimiento demográfico emigrante de las zonas rurales a la zona urbana, de la ciudad de Juliaca, gran parte de esta población pertenece al sector socioeconómico “C”; por lo que la demanda de la adquisición de la vivienda propia que sea de bajo costo y además cumpla con las necesidades básica que se incrementaron para dicha población. El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en el desarrollo y utilización de nuevas tecnologías de gestión como es el uso del BIM (Building Information Modeling) y el Lean Construction para el desarrollo de una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Juliaca, como así también la implementación del uso de materiales y técnicas de construcción novedosos tales como son los prefabricados de concreto; con estas nuevas tendencias de construcción y gestión se procura aminorar los costos y tener la posibilidad de adquirir la vivienda propia para este sector de la población. Dentro de este estudio se establece que los prefabricados a utilizarse en este proceso constructivo de la vivienda serán los paneles tipo Sándwich y las prelosas, las cuales son comparadas con el sistema tradicional que corresponde a un sistema aporticado que es usado mayormente en la ciudad de Juliaca. / According to some statistical studies by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, in the region of Puno, performed in the 1993 and 2007 Census; there is increasing of immigrant population who belong to the "C" socioeconomical sector; for which low-cost own housing that meets the requirements of this population has shown a strong growth. The aim of this thesis consists in developing and use of new technologies of management in building, as the usage of BIM (Building Informatio Modeling), and Lean Construction in order to get a single-family house built in the city of Juliaca, as well as the implementation of the use of new materials and new construction techniques, as pre-fabricated concrete construction products; with these new construction and management trends, we seek to lower costs and to get the possibility to obtain own housing for this sector of the population. Pre-fabricated construction products to be used in this process of building of houses will be Sandwich panels and floor plates, which will be compared with the traditional building breached system used mostly used in the city of Juliaca. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos E C Truylio.pdf: 2023652 bytes, checksum: f7445141bbdc3047ed1e8401c8bc1697 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / management of crop diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate different alternative products against anthracnose, with the detached leaf assay method, and in field conditions in common beans. The experiment with detached leaf assay method was conducted in laboratory. The experimental design was completely factorial randomized in a factorial arrangement 10 (treatment) x 2 (application or not in half the leaf) with 5 repetitions. The evaluation of severity and area under the anthracnose progress curve was performed. The experiments under field conditions were conducted in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvest, at Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça. The experimental had a randomized blocks design, with four repetitions. The evaluation of severity, area under the disease progress curve and anthracnose index in the pods, in addition to crop production components were performed. The treatments for the experiments were: 1- V- 6 (Meristem enzymes, 5,4%; Mn, 2,5%; Zn, 1,9%; Mo, 0,16%), 2- Wert plus (toxins produced by cultivating from different microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma sp, Trichoderma harzianum, Azotobacter chroococcum, e micronutrients Cu, Zn e Mg), 3- High Roots (12% of seaweed; 4,8% of K2O; 0,2% of CaO), 4- Max Fruit (4,61% of calcium), 5- Rocksil (20,56% of Al2O3, 17,43% of SiO2; 9,82% of S; 1,31 of CaO; 0,34% of TiO2; 0,18 of MgO; 0,16% of Fe2O3; 0,1% of P2O5), 6- Herbagreem (36,7% of CaO; 17 to 20% of SiO2; 2,4% of MgO; 3,4% of Fe2O3; 0,7% of K2O; 0,5% of Na2O; 0,4% of SO3; 0,2% of P2O5; 0,1% of MnO; 1 mg kg-1 of B; 13 mg kg-1 of Co; 26 mg kg-1 of Cu; 34 mg kg-1 of Zn), 7-Fluisan (hop extract: 80,7 %), 8- Herbagreen + Fluisan, 9- trifloxystrobin + tebuconazol and 10- control. In the detached leaf assay, Wert Plus had a negatively influence, increasing the severity of the disease. At field conditions, there was no statistical difference in severity between treatments in both harvests. The Wert Plus treatment had a higher rate of anthracnose on pods in 2013/2014 harvest. The yield components of culture, number of plants per meter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 grains and productivity were not affected by treatments. / manejo das doenças de plantas cultivadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes produtos alternativos, contra a antracnose na cultura do feijão, em experimento em folha destacada e em condições de campo. O experimento em folha destacada foi conduzido em laboratório. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 10 (produtos) x 2 (aplicação ou não em metade da folha) com 5 repetições. Foi realizada a avaliação de severidade e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da antracnose. Os experimentos em condições de campo foram realizados nas safras 2013/2014 e 2014/2015, na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. Foi realizada a avaliação da severidade, calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e o índice de antracnose nas vagens, além dos componentes de rendimento da cultura. Os tratamentos realizados foram: 1 - V-6 (5,4% de enzimas de meristema;2,5% de Mn; 1,9% de Zn; 0,16% de Mo,), 2 - Wert plus (toxinas produzidas pelo cultivo de diferentes microrganismos: Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma sp, Trichoderma harzianum, Azotobacter chroococcum, e micronutrientes (Cu, Zn e Mg), 3 - High Roots (algas marinhas a 12%; K2O a 4,8%; CaO a 0,2%), 4 - Max Fruit (4,61% de cálcio), 5 - Rocksil (20,56% de Al2O3, 17,43% de SiO2; 9,82% de S; 1,31 de CaO; 0,34% de TiO2; 0,18 de MgO; 0,16% de Fe2O3; 0,1% de P2O5), 6 - Herbagreem (36,7% de CaO; 17 a 20% de SiO2; 2,4% de MgO; 3,4% de Fe2O3; 0,7% de K2O; 0,5% de Na2O; 0,4% de SO3; 0,2% de P2O5; 0,1% de MnO; 1 mg kg-1 de B; 13 mg kg-1de Co; 26 mg kg-1 de Cu; 34 mg kg-1 de Zn), 7 - Fluisan (extrato de lúpulo: 80,7 % de planta e 19,3% de água), 8 - Herbagreen + Fluisan, 9 - trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole e 10 - testemunha. No teste da folha destacada, os tratamentos V-6, Wert Plus, High Roots, Max Fruit, Rocksil, Herbagreem, Fluisan, Herbagreen +Fluisan e trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole, não apresentaram potencial de induzir resistência contra C. lindemuthianum. O tratamento Wert Plus aumentou a severidade da doença. No experimento a campo, não se observou diferença estatística na severidade entre os tratamentos nas duas safras. O tratamento Wert Plus apresentou um maior índice de antracnose nas vagens na safra 2013/2014. Os componentes de rendimento da cultura, número de plantas por metro, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.