Submitted by Eduardo Riedlinger Mont Alverne Bordalo (eduardo.bordalo@gmail.com) on 2017-06-30T15:39:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado Eduardo Bordalo.pdf: 10106773 bytes, checksum: 0fec69b7bac75913d6207b4f15289f3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2017-08-29T15:26:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado Eduardo Bordalo.pdf: 10106773 bytes, checksum: 0fec69b7bac75913d6207b4f15289f3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T20:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado Eduardo Bordalo.pdf: 10106773 bytes, checksum: 0fec69b7bac75913d6207b4f15289f3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / This sludy aims to analyze lhe microeconomic variabJes that influence lhe decision af Brazilian companics to makc Capital Expenditure. Four hypothesis related to lhe folJowing investment thesis were tested: Neoclassical theory, Free Cash Flow theory and Agency theory. The motivatian af this study is to understand lhe investment decision process af Brazilian fimls and compare it with similar studics applicd in developed countries outside Latin America. Furtherrnore, lhe govemment influence in lhe inveslment decision process af some ofthe firms was segregated and analyzed separately. The analysis is based on 1.520 data from quarterly financiai statements of 38 finns listed on lhe Brazilian stock exchange from 2006 to 2016. The firrns were a1so separated in two differenl groups. one of them eontaining the firms that the Brazilian govemment ean innuenee lhe Capex deeision. The results show that the sample with ali firms and the sample with fimls that do not suffer from government influenee eonfinn ali investment Iheories and indieate Ihat lhe Free Cash Flow theory is predominam in lhe Brazilian business environment. The independent variables sales. free cash flow and Tobin 's Q ratio have positive efTeet on eapex. while leverage and size have a negative effeet. The results from lhe sample with finns lhal suffer from govemment influence eonfirrn only the Neoclassical theory lhat states that the variab le sales is positively correlated with lhe Capex. / Esse estudo analisa as variáveis microeconômicas que influenciam as empresas brasileiras na tomada de decisão ao realizar investimentos em capital. Foram testadas quatro hipóteses relacionadas as seguintes teorias de investimento: teoria Neoclássica, teoria dos Fluxos de Caixa Livres e teoria da Agência. A motivação do estudo é compreender o processo de decisão de investimento das firmas brasileiras e comparar os resultados com o encontrado em estudos similares realizados em países desenvolvidos fora da América Latina. Além disso, foi analisada a participação do governo em firmas nas quais ele possui poder de influência na política de investimentos. A análise é baseada em 1,520 observações provenientes de dados trimestrais de 38 firmas listadas em bolsa de 2006 a 2016. As firmas também foram separadas e analisadas em dois grupos distintos, um deles contendo as empresas que o governo possui influência na tomada das decisões de investimento e outro de empresas que o governo não possui nenhum tipo de do governo na tomada de decisão de investimento. Os resultados encontrados para a amostra completa e para a amostra com as firmas que não sofrem influência do governo confirmam as três teorias e indicam que a teoria dos Fluxos de Caixa Livres é predominante no ambiente de negócios brasileiro. As variáveis vendas, fluxo de caixa livre e q de Tobin possuem uma relação positiva com o gasto com investimentos, enquanto que as variáveis alavancagem e tamanho possuem uma relação negativa. No caso da amostra com as firmas que sofrem influência do governo a única teoria que pode ser confirmada foi a teoria Neoclássica que prevê uma relação positiva entre a variável vendas e os gastos com investimentos.

A central concept in Evolutionary theory is the character trait. It provides a context in which to explore differences and similarities among taxa, both extant and extinct. It is expanded in scope in Evolutionary Developmental theory to functional units with a biological role, "evolutionarily stable configurations." The talo-crural joint is such a configuration, a highly canalized structural unit in primates forming the interface between organism, and foot and substrate. It is a microcosm in which to examine the relationship of shape with environment and function and the interplay of genetics, ontogeny, and use. Geometric Morphometric analysis of landmark data was employed in studying the articular surfaces of the talus in a diverse sample of adult specimens in nine catarrhine taxa. The influence of four factors on talar shape was examined: superfamily, a proxy for phylogeny; size and mass, a proxy for physical attributes; and substrate preference, a proxy for behavior. All significantly affected shape, and substrate preference was unrelated to the others. Appositional articular morphology, the shape of the subchondral bone surfaces of the talo-crural joints in an expanded sample of 12 taxa, showed a significant effect of the four proxies on the tibial and talar components, and substrate preference was weakly related to the other proxies in each. Singular Warp analysis of the cross-covariance matrices of the joints demonstrated sorting of taxa by substrate use and signals of convergent and divergent evolution among hominoids and cercopithecoids in joint shape. The ontogeny of the appositional articular shape was examined using adult and subadult specimens grouped by molar eruption. Singular Warp analysis demonstrated a genetic signal in the subadults, strongest in the slowly maturing African hominoids, and an epigenetic signal across taxa to substrate use in the adults. The talo-crural joint, a highly canalized, modular, and integrated "evolutionarily stable configuration," provides a model for the study of the evolution of shape. The epigenetic signal observed is consistent with plasticity or developmental plasticity in response to the interaction of the joint complex with the environment due to a behavioral effect, substrate use. This dissertation included previously unpublished, co-authored material.

A discriminação étnico-racial é um evento estressor capaz de produzir múltiplos danos físicos e mentais. Apesar do crescente interesse científico mundial e de ser tema estratégico para a saúde coletiva, permanece pouco estudado no Brasil, especialmente quando comparado aos EUA, responsável por expressiva produção acadêmica nessa área. Acerca das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo, são ainda mais escassos os dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a sua situação de saúde, sendo nula a investigação abrangendo discriminação étnico-racial entre esses indivíduos. Buscando contribuir para essas questões, a presente pesquisa analisou as frequências de discriminação entre os adultos quilombolas do município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS, por intermédio da escala Experiences of Discrimination, além de verificar as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde dessa população, mensurados pelos questionários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde adaptados para esse trabalho. Foram realizadas 103 entrevistas, sendo a amostra composta por 55,3% de mulheres, 71,8% com idades entre 18 e 59 anos e 72,8% da raça/cor preta. A prevalência de discriminação étnico-racial percebida em algum momento da vida foi de 59,2%, resultado superior ao encontrado em outros estudos importantes acerca do tema no país. As frequências com que os entrevistados reportaram ter sofrido discriminação nos contextos cotidianos investigados variaram de 1,9% ao pedir crédito ou empréstimo bancário até 28,2% ao frequentar a escola. Os itens acerca de agravos em saúde revelaram alta (64,1%) frequência de doenças crônicas, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (45,6%) a doença mais prevalente. Foram baixos os índices de tabagismo e de uso abusivo de álcool. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a prevalência de discriminação racial nas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo do município de São Lourenço do Sul foi alta e o local no qual ela foi percebida com maior frequência foi o ambiente escolar. É de suma importância que se reconheça a existência da prática do racismo dentro da sociedade brasileira para que se sistematizem ações para transformar essa realidade. / The ethnic-racial discrimination is a stressor event related to multiple physical and mental damages. However, despite the growing scientific interest in a global scale, it remains little studied in Brazil, especially when compared to the USA, responsible for expressive academic production in this area. Concerning the remaining communities of quilombo, the data available in the literature about their health status is even scarcer, with no research covering ethnic-racial discrimination on these individuals. In order to analyze these questions, the present study investigated the frequencies of discrimination among quilombola adults in the city of São Lourenço do Sul / RS, through the scale “Experiences of Discrimination”, beside verifying the sociodemographic and health conditions of this population, measured by questionnaires of the National Health Survey adapted for this work. A total of 103 interviews were conducted, with 55.3% of women, 71.8% between 18 and 59 years old, and 72.8% of blacks. The prevalence of ethnic-racial discrimination perceived at some point in life was 59.2%, a result superior to that found in other important studies on this matter in the country. The frequencies with which respondents reported discrimination in the daily contexts of the questionnaire ranged from 1.9% when applying for credit or bank loan up to 28.2% when attending school. The items about health problems revealed a high (64.1%) frequency of chronic diseases, with systemic arterial hypertension (45.6%) being the most prevalent disease. The rates of smoking and alcohol abuse were low. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the prevalence of racial discrimination in the remaining communities of quilombo in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul was high and the place where it was most frequently perceived was the school environment. It is extremely important to recognize the existence of the practice of racism within Brazilian society to systematize actions to change this reality.

This diploma thesis called 'Unemployment and its influence on health' consists of theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, important terms that are connected to unemployment and labour market are summarized. The definition of the term 'health' is specified and the factors and determinants that influence it are stated as well. The term 'health disorder' and problematics of psychosomatics are discussed too. The practical part is concentrated on examination of the influence of unemployment on health. A quantitative research, method of questioning and questionnaire technique were applied here. The collection of data took place at a regional office of The Jobcentre in České Budějovice. Job seekers registered under this office formed the body of the research. This work has two aims. The first one be the influence of unemployment on health of the unemployed and the second be the finding about the influence of unemployment on development of mental and somatic disorders. The following hypotheses were set up regarding the aims of the work: H1: The unemployed state their health declines during the period of unemployment, H2: Unemployment has a negative effect on mental health of the unemployed, H3: Unemployment has a negative effect on somatic health of unemployed. The hypotheses were not verified during the course of statistical testing. Based on the results of the research, we can deduce that the duration of unemployment doesn't have an impact on the subjective evaluation of physical and mental health. While the duration of unemployment increases, we don't observe any physical or mental heath decline of the unemployed. The conclusions of this research may, however, not be generalized due to the number of respondents and region which was chosen for the research. Statistical testing, however, revealed some interesting facts. These are, for example, the connection between the duration of unemployment and the evaluation of the impact on individual's areas of life, the relation between the duration of unemployment and health state evaluation during the last employment. The research itself could possible serve as a source material or starting point for future studies in this field. The above mentioned findings could after wider research bring knowledge which would be applicable to further practical works with the unemployed.

According to Wilkinson and Marmot (2003), the area of ten social health determinants constitutes probably the most comprehensive approach to analysis to the individual's health condition. The goal of the dissertation consisted in assessing the social health determinants in the area of social support, stress, childhood and transportation. The quantitative investigation method of the research subject was implemented through questioning. The research set consisted of legally settled immigrants, living in the Czech Republic for more than one year, in age category of 18-65 years, of Vietnamese, Mongolian and Ukrainian nationality. The respondents lived in selected localities: capital of Prague, South Bohemian Region and Vysočina Region. 246 respondents in total were questioned. The investigation results show that Ukrainians perceive the Czech Republic as their home state more frequently than the Vietnamese and Mongolians. Relationship between selected characteristics of social support, subjective assessment of health, presence of depression and stress symptoms of psychic and physical origin was proved. The ability to communicate in Czech language was shown to be very important in the area of social support. One tenth of the respondents is daily exposed to effect of stress. The Mongolians reported most frequent exposure to stress situations, while the Ukrainians reported least frequent exposure. The most respondents have signs of depression. The respondents who have medium, serious or extreme depression assessed their health with higher statistically significant frequency as mediocre. More exacting movement activities are performed with higher statistically significant frequency by men, university graduates and intellectually working respondents. The immigrants who have reported to perform regular walking and movement activities assess their health as good and report absence of signs of depression. During pregnancy, the female respondents observed regular examinations and the course of their pregnancy was predominantly physiological. A high percentage of female respondents worked 9 and more hours during pregnancy. The health condition of the respondents' youngest children is good; most of them have suffered only common children's diseases. More than one tenth of the respondents' children have no health insurance and vaccination. The immigrants often find themselves in adverse social situation, and it is therefore important to adopt measures to eliminate its impacts. The crucial measures include for example social programs focused on immigrants, preventive programs focused on foreigners' children and increasing language knowledge of the immigrants.

The focus of the presented diploma thesis is to evaluate the knowledge of seniors in the field of healthy nutrition. It is furthermore important to find out, whether the seniors have enough relevant information about rational nutrition and which sources they would like to use to gather information about healthy nutrition. Socio-economic aspects, which lead to senior nutrition, are also monitored. A quantitative research strategy and an in-depth interview were used to fulfil the aim of the thesis. The research group of twenty-two seniors was chosen by a method of purposeful sampling. The criteria for choosing seniors were an age between 65 74 years, old age pension, living alone and a responsibility for their own nutrition. The results of this thesis could be helpful to health insurance companies, municipal authorities, senior clubs or non-profit organizations which could create an environment for active education of seniors in the field of healthy nutrition. The seniors could learn to prepare tasteful high-nutrition meals. The seniors in their early phase of old age are the most endangered with obesity amongst all age groups. It is caused by the socioeconomic aspects they were influenced by during their lives. Their dietary habits started to form in the post-war period with the lack of food. They spent their working lives in the era of socialism, in which the selection of food was also restricted. In the nineteen-nineties, the seniors were in their mid-age and their dietary habits were already established. Theoretical knowledge in the field of rational nutrition is substantial, but the seniors are often not willing or lack the ability to create nutritionally balanced and tasteful meals. Therefore, the seniors would benefit from an interactive means of education with the possibility of learning necessary skills and contacting a nutrition specialist with their questions.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a qualidade na prestação do serviço público de licenciamento ambiental de Porto Alegre através da análise das percepções e expectativas de funcionários e clientes do serviço. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória através de entrevistas e grupos focados envolvendo funcionários e clientes do serviço de licenciamento prestado pela Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente de Porto Alegre (SMAM). A qualidade dos serviços foi estudada através da identificação dos atributos envolvidos neste aspecto do serviço prestado. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar os seguintes atributos: padronização dos procedimentos, comunicação, orientação dos processos ao cliente, agilidade, atendimento, fiscalização, interação entre secretarias, competência e coerência das legislações. Foi possível desenvolver um modelo conceitual contendo os elementos e relacionamentos identificados e alguns complementos indicados na literatura. O relacionamento entre os atributos foi organizado em quatro níveis subordinados: (i) qualidade percebida diretamente pelo cliente, (ii) determinantes dos clientes, (iii) processos e procedimentos e (iv) estruturas gerenciais. Como conclusão deste trabalho teve-se a confirmação de que o estudo da qualidade na prestação de serviços públicos, como o de licenciamento ambiental, permite relacionar os elementos essenciais e identificar oportunidades de melhoria. Este trabalho também auxilia a confirmar que cada tipo de serviço exige o desenvolvimento de seu próprio modelo conceitual, em função das especificidades existentes. / The purpose of this work is to study the quality of public services of environmental permission at Porto Alegre through the analysis of perceptions and expectations of employees and customers. For that purpose, an exploratory investigation using personal interviews and focus groups with employees and customers of the permission service was conducted. The level of service quality was evaluated through the identification of the attributes involved in providing the service. The results enable to identify the following attributes: standardization of procedures, communication, orientation of processes to customer, agility, customer service, inspection, interaction among government departments, competence, and coherence of legislations. It was possible to develop a conceptual model including the identified elements and relationships, and some findings of the literature. The relationship among the attributes was arranged in four dependents levels: (i) quality directly observed by customers, (ii) customers determinants, (iii) process and procedures, and (iv) managerial structures. This work confirms that the study of quality in public services, as the environmental permission one, allows unveiling essential elements and relationships, conducting to the identification of improvement opportunities. This work also helps to confirm that each kind of service involves the development of its own conceptual model, due to inherent specificities.

IoT is a technology where different devices are equipped with internet connection which makes it possible to control them and exchange data over internet. IoT can be thought of as an umbrella term covering a broad and ever-growing range of services and technologies. One of the segments within IoT is the smart home ecosystem. The tremendous development the last decade within smartphones, wearable devices and broadband has created new ways to connect individual devices in the home (Qasim and Abu-Shanab, 2016; Jeong et al, 2016; Wilson et al, 2017; Hubert et al, 2017). This creates a synergy effect; by connecting multiple devices to a system new value is created. Energy, home controls, security, communication and entertainment services are all included in the smart home (Miller, 2015; Wilson et al, 2017). Even though the concept of smart homes has a large potential it seems like it has not reached its full potential and the diffusion of the innovation among the consumers is still at an early stage (Balta-Ozkan et.al, 2013; Yang et.al 2017). So far, many studies have been performed on the technical aspects of IoT and smart home ecosystems but less attention has been paid on the consumer point of view and what determinants that play a role in the intention to adopt the technology (Yang, Lee, and Zo. 2017). In addition, previous studies have mainly focused of one single device and has not considered the entire ecosystem (Yang, Lee, and Zo. 2017). Therefore, the purpose with this thesis is to study what are the key determinants for the intention to adopt smart homes from an ecosystem point of view. To fulfill the purpose known theoretical models regarding intention to adopt technology have been used to develop a research model. The basis to establish the research model has been the theory of innovation adoption, TRA, TPB, TAM, VAM and UTAUT. Based on the literature four determinants were selected to be included in the model; these were cost, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and individualization. The first three are all included in the mentioned theoretical models and have previously been proven to be important for intention to adopt. The last one, individualization is derived from the field of product differentiation. In the literature it is mentioned that the possibility to refine, adjust and modify may be crucial for the user (Dodgson et.al. 2008). With this background it was interested to include individualization as a determinant in the research model and study how it impacts intention to adopt. In addition to the determinants one moderator was included; the composition of the household. In order to collect the empirical data a survey was conducted using the snowball sampling approach via Facebook and LinkedIn. The survey consisted of two sections where the first section aimed to collect background information about the respondent and the second section consisted of questions regarding the determinants. In the second section the respondents were asked to respond according to a 5-point Likert scale. The used questions in the survey was predefined in the literature. Study results show that consumers’ use intention is shaped by individualization, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Cost was found not to be statistically significant. Neither was the composition of the household.

No description available.

abstract: The health situation of indigenous peoples is comparable to that of the world's poorest populations, but with the additional burdens of social and cultural marginalization, geographic and cultural barriers to accessing health services, and, in some areas, appropriation of land and natural resources. Cultural transmission (the transfer of beliefs, ideas, and behaviors from one culture to another) from outsider health institutions should presumably aid in closing this health gap by transferring knowledge, practices, and infrastructure to prevent and treat disease. This study examines the biosocial construction of the disease ecology of tuberculosis (TB) in indigenous communities of the Paraguayan Chaco with varying degrees of cultural transmission from outside institutions (government, religious, and NGOs), to determine the influence of cultural transmission on local disease ecologies. Using a biocultural epidemiological framework for the analysis of human infectious disease ecology, this study employed an interdisciplinary, mixed methods approach to examine the interactions of host, pathogen, and the environment in the Paraguayan Chaco. Three case studies examining aspects of TB disease ecology in indigenous communities are presented: (1) The effective cultural transmission of biomedical knowledge to isolated communities, (2) Public health infrastructure, hygiene, and the prevalence of intestinal parasites: co-morbidities that promote the progression to active TB disease, and (3) Community-level risk factors for TB and indigenous TB burden. Findings from the case studies suggest that greater influence from outside institutions was not associated with greater adoption of biomedical knowledge of TB. The prevalence of helminthiasis was unexpectedly low, but infection with giardia was common, even in a community with cleaner water sources. Communities with a health post were more likely to report active adult TB, while communities with more education were less likely to report active pediatric TB, suggesting that healthcare access is the major determinant of TB detection. More research is needed on the role of non-indigenous community residents and other measures of acculturation or integration in TB outcomes, especially at the household level. Indigenous TB burden in the Chaco is disproportionately high, and better understanding of the mechanisms that produce higher incidence and prevalence of the disease is needed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Social Science and Health 2014