From the perspective of self-determination theory this studyexamines whether affective memories of fictional reading and early reading activities have an impact on the reading motivation in lateradolescence. This studyalso highlightsstudentssuggestions on how teachers can enhance reading motivation.We conducted a survey with studentsin upper secondary school. The results showsome correlations between affective memories and motivation. Studentswith negative memories of reading tend to be more amotivated orhave controlled motivationto read, whilst studentswith positive and neutral memories tend to have more autonomous motivation. The studyalso noticed a difference between reading attitudes,whether the reading takes place in school or in the studentsspare time. The students suggestions on how teachers can motivate them to read are mostly related to (1) their own choice of literature and (2) an accessible wide range of literature that appeals to their interests. Many students also wish for their teachers to engage more in their personal reading interests. Our study has shown that reading as an activity is very complex and that teachers have an opportunity to affect the reading motivation,regardless of what memories the students have

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are considered as persistent organic pollutants. Their extensive use in various products leads to increase of their occurence in surface and ground water, soil, air and, generally, in the global ecosystem. In this diploma thesis, method for detection and quantification of 19 perfluorinated compounds was developed. This method was used for analysis of real drinking water and sewage sludge samples from Czech Republic. It is based on pre-extraction step and consecutive liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, using negative chemical ionization (LC-MS). We developed a method for analysis of water samples, using solid-phase extraction (SPE). Using this method, concentrations of PFCs in 8 samples of drinking water from Czech Republic were evaluated. Total concentration of analyzed PFCs was 4 - 23 ng/L. Processing of sewage sludge samples using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) showed matrix effect, which influenced ionization and led to false positive/negative results. For supression of the matrix compounds, we used SPE Envi-Carb columns. Using this optimised method, 23 sewage sludge samples from different locations in Czech Republic were analyzed. The most represented PFC in the environment, perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS), was detected in concentrations 5 - 386...

Problems presented in this paper concern the chemical equilibrium of methyl alcohol, formic acid, and methyl formate when combined.

Call centres across the globe experience high levels of absenteeism and labour turnover. The reason being: job dissatisfaction. South African call centres are also facing the same problem where absenteeism and labour turnover is on the increase. Job satisfaction is influenced not only by situational aspects of the job environment but by dispositional personality factors of the individual as well. The aim of the study was to determine the possible relationship among locus of control, self-determination and job satisfaction. The study population consisted of (N= 187) call centre agents from a Municipality in Gauteng. The results of the empirical study indicate there is a relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Carrim, N 2006, The relationship amongst locus of control, self-determination and job satisfaction in call centres, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02132012-105055 / > C12/4/70/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

In this dissertation the effects of different types of Pulverized Fuel Ash (PF A)-types on the workability of cementitious pastes containing relative large amounts of PF A were investigated. The different types of PF A were produced at the same source thus they were chemically similar but differed in terms of average particle size and size distribution (grading). By using a two-point measurement technique based on flow through a J-shaped tube it was possible to detect relative small differences in workability between pastes. It was found and concluded that the different types of PFA had a significant effect on the workability of pastes containing cement and PFA as well as PF A alone. The physical differences between the PF A-types were quantified and their effects on workability investigated. It was concluded that PF A with a broader particle size distribution range produced pastes with higher workability at constant water content. It was found that compressive strength as measured after 28 days were solely a function of the water/cementitious ratio for the curing regime employed. It was concluded that for curing conditions used the type of PF A used could have a significant effect on compressive strength when constant workability is required. / Dissertation (MSc (Transportation))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Civil Engineering / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which relatedness support affects motivational profiles in rural vs. urban physical education (PE) students. Participants included rural (n=177) and urban (n=431) junior high/high school students (grades 5-12) from Alberta, a western province in Canada (n=508), and Utah, a state in the intermountain west of the USA (n=100). This cross-sectional study measured and assessed students’ basic psychological needs of student-to-student relatedness, student-to-teacher relatedness, competence, and autonomy using a revised version of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS-R). Situational motivation was measured and assessed using the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale – Physical Education (SIMS-PE). For data analysis, MANOVA was used to examine significant differences among group variables (urban and rural, gender, and state) for selected variables (basic psychological needs indices and motivational indices). Significant rural vs. urban effects were noted for basic psychological needs and reveal urban students as having significantly more student-to-teacher relatedness (p = .032), competence (p = .001), and autonomy (p = .002) than rural students. Significant rural vs. urban effects were also noted for motivational indices and reveal urban students as having significantly more intrinsic motivation (p < .001), identified regulation (p = .001), and higher Self-Determination Index (SDI) scores (p < .001) than rural students. Significant state effects reveal Alberta students are significantly more intrinsically motivated (p < .001) than Utah students. Due to sheer population size of metropolitan areas, urban students inherently have more PE options and more funding, which possibly allows them to experience greater autonomy and competence. Limited choices in rural schools could be a contributing factor for lower autonomy and competence measures. Rural PE teachers oftentimes teach other core subjects, which possibly makes PE classes less engaging and rigid, thereby causing lower relatedness between teacher and student. The Covid-19 pandemic has predominately paused extracurricular physical activities in urban settings, potentially catalyzing greater meaning and importance in urban PE; possibly initiating greater self-determined motivation for urban students. Rural PE teachers are recommended to be intentional with their relatedness support. PE teachers should adopt a holistic approach to satisfying the basic psychological needs of relatedness, competence, and autonomy instead of focusing on one need at the expense of others.

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Dental age estimation techniques have great importance in dental evaluation, specifically in the orthodontic, academic, and forensic areas. The aim of this study was to compare the dental age according to the Demirjian, Nolla and Cameriere methods with the chronological age in a Peruvian population. This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, which had a total population of 578 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged 6 to 14 years, where the difference in means from a previous study was calculated, and 193 subjects were finally randomly selected. The chronological ages (CA) and dental ages (DA) were compared using the Wilcoxon and Kruskall Wallis Range Tests. The means were 8.77 ± 2.34 and 8.90 ± 2.04 years of the CA for the female and male genders, respectively. The difference in means of the CA and DA according to the Nolla, Demirjian and Cameriere methods were-0.38, 0.96 and-0.21 years, respectively, for the total study sample. A positive correlation was found for the three methods studied; however, the Demirjian method showed a statistically significant difference with an underestimation of-0.91 years in the total sample. Also, the method of Cameriere was the closest to the chronological age. / Las técnicas de estimación de edad dental tienen gran importancia en la evaluación odontológica, específicamente en el área de ortodoncia, académica y forense. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la edad dental según los métodos de Demirjian, Nolla y Cameriere con la edad cronológica en una población peruana. El diseño del estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo; tuvo una población total de 578 radiografías panorámicas de sujetos de 6 a 14 años, en las cuales se calculó la diferencia de medias de un estudio previo y, finalmente, fueron seleccionadas 193 de forma aleatoria. Se compararon la edad cronológica (EC) y la edad dental (ED) según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, utilizando las Pruebas de Rangos de Wilcoxon y Kruskall Wallis. Las medias de la EC fueron de 8,77±2,34 y 8,90±2,04 años para el género femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Las diferencias de medias de la EC y ED, de acuerdo con los métodos Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, fue de -0,38, 0,96 y -0,29 años, respectivamente, para la muestra total de estudio. Se encontró una correlación positiva para los tres métodos estudiados; sin embargo, el método de Demirjian mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con una subestimación de -0,91 años en la muestra total. Asimismo, el método de Cameriere fue el que tuvo más cercanía a la edad cronológica. / Revisión por pares

This was a causal-comparative study the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Program on middle school student academic achievement and attendance. There were two major research questions, which were presented. They were as follows: Is there a statistically significant interaction among gender (males, females), race/ethnicity (blacks, whites), and group membership (Talented and Gifted, AVID) with respect to Stanford 9-TA Partial Battery Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) achievement total scores after controlling for initial differences in socioeconomic status and, Is there a statistically significant interaction among gender (males, females), race/ethnicity (blacks, whites), and group membership (Talented and Gifted, AVID) with respect to attendance after controlling for initial differences in socioeconomic status? These questions were analyzed using two three way ANCOVAS with 2 x 2 x 2 factorial designs, with a .05 alpha level employed to test for statistical significance. The researcher analyzed standardized testing and attendance data collected on the 1996-1997 eighth-grade student cohort within one mid-sized socioeconomic diverse urban school district. Data were collected on 398 students beginning with the 1994-1995 school year and concluding with the 1996-1997 school year. Data for eighth grade students not enrolled in the Gifted and Talented, or AVID programs for that length of time, neither were used. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, 1995). Threats to the internal and external validity of this study may be that students have relocated or were not present during test administrations and their Stanford 9-TA Partial Battery Achievement Test data were not available. Test data for students neither blacks or whites, or in AVID or the Talented and Gifted programs for the indicated three-year span were not analyzed. Students missing attendance data were also not included. The creators of AVID, profess that students participating in the AVID program will attend school and achieve academically as well as other groups of children. The researcher's analyses of the data does not substantiate this claim. The data yielded that AVID students produced lower achievement scores on the Partial Battery of the Stanford 9-TA Achievement Test in all areas. It was also found that gender, race/ethnicity and group membership were significant factors. / Ed. D.

Arbetet lyfter upp viktiga komponenter hos idrottare gällande deras drivkrafter till att syssla med det dem gör. Varje individ har något som driver dem till att fortsätta med sin idrott, vare sig det är på motionärsnivå eller elitnivå. Arbetet är baserat på self-determination teorin och vi utgår utifrån perspektivet som är bestående av autonomin, samhörighet och kompetens. Det är för att få förståelse över individernas drivkraft och vilken form av motivation som driver de. Under denna studie så intervjuades fyra män med fyra olika bakgrunder samt två olika nivåer bestående av två på motionärsnivå och två på elitnivå inom fotboll. Två av dem utvalda motionärerna spelade i division sex-lag samtidigt universitetsstudier och jobb ingick. Dem två andra var på elitnivå där den ena spelar för stadens lag Malmö FF, och en som spelar fotboll utomlands. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera vad som motiverar både herrelit- och motionärer inom träning och om det finns någon skillnad mellan eliten och dagsmotionären utifrån den självbestämmande teorin (SDT).