Aggregate demand is influenced by the functional income distribution of an economy and that of its trading partners. This relationship between income distribution and output is analyzed in a short-run two-country Neo-Kaleckian model. The effects of devaluation and redistribution are discussed in detail. Trade and redistribution within one country interact and output increases or decreases with changes in either depending on the specific distributional and exchange rate movements. The Marshall-Lerner condition is shown to be equivalent to the assumption of expansionary devaluation. If devaluation increases output, national redistribution policy toward wage earners is also more likely to be expansionary. (author's abstract)

This thesis examines the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade balance in eight countries with different level of development for the period 1991- 2012. Using merely exchange rate to improve the trade balance refers to price- competitiveness and relies on the satisfaction of Marshall-Lerner condition. Additionally, we articulate the influence of other underlying factors, defined as "non- price competitiveness", proxied with capital stock variable. A Vector Error Correction Model, based on Johansen's Methodology was implemented in our two econometric specifications. The key findings of the classical trade model indicate that M-L condition is met in five countries and devaluation of domestic currency would improve their trade balance in long run. VECM results from second model, which extended the traditional imperfect substitutes framework to include non-price competitiveness factor, shows pronounced influence of product quality on trade balance, capital stock variable being significant in most of the cases. The results show that trade balance reacts to both changes in relative prices and product differentiation, thus non-price competitiveness factors must not be neglected by policy makers. Our findings also indicate the existence of J-curve pattern, as reflected by short-run...

by Lam Ka Ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Could Depreciation Correct Trade Imbalances ？ --- p.1 / Objective of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Could Depreciation Improve Trade Balances ？ --- p.4 / J-Curve Effect --- p.5 / Currency Contract Period --- p.6 / Pass-Through Period --- p.8 / Quantity Response Period --- p.9 / Miles' Critique on other Empirical Studies --- p.9 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.12 / Data --- p.12 / The Studies --- p.13 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.15 / Hong Kong --- p.15 / Singapore --- p.20 / South Korea --- p.23 / Taiwan --- p.26 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.29 / TABLES AND CHARTS --- p.32 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.55

Lam Man Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT CHINESE --- p.iv / ENGLISH --- p.v / ACKNOWLEGEMENT --- p.vi / LISTS OF TABLES --- p.vii / LISTS OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.viii / LISTS OF APPENDICES --- p.xi / CHAPTER / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Arguments for the Existence of the J- Curve --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Arguments against the Existence of the J-Curve --- p.7 / Chapter THREE --- THE STUDY OF J-CURVE EFFECT ON THE TRADE BALANCE --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Methodology and Model --- p.10 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Description --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Empirical Analysis on VAR Models by Using Level Data --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Combinations of Variables in Twelve Models --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Empirical Results Analysis on Both Univariate and VAR Approach --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Individual Model Description --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4 --- Empirical Analysis on VAR Models by Using Differenced Data --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Zivot-Andrews (ZA) Unit Root Test --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- The Comparison of Empirical Results on Using the Level and Differenced Data --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Comparison of the Elasticity at Means of Japan and Singapore by Using the Previous Empirical Results --- p.35 / Chapter FOUR --- THE PATTERN OF POST-ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS TRADE BALANCE --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2 --- Indonesia --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- Japan --- p.42 / Chapter 4.4 --- Malaysia --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Philippines --- p.45 / Chapter 4.6 --- Singapore --- p.46 / Chapter 4.7 --- South Korea --- p.48 / Chapter 4.8 --- Taiwan --- p.49 / Chapter 4.9 --- Thailand --- p.50 / Chapter FIVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.52 / APPENDICES --- p.53 / ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.67 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.78

The gender wage gap is accounted for to a substantial degree by the sex composition of occupations. The present thesis examines the mechanisms that produce this pattern. In particular, the theory of devaluation, currently the most widely accepted sociological explanation, is tested. The empirical findings, reported in three self-contained essays, question this line of explanation. All results are based on Swedish data: the Level of Living surveys (LNU; essays I and II) and administrative labour market registers (essay III). In Essay I the association between occupational prestige and occupational sex composition is examined. The association is non-linear, with gender mixed occupations having the highest prestige. Further, care work does not have lower prestige than other kinds of work. These results are inconsistent with expectations derived from devaluation theory. The analysis also shows that the wage returns to occupational prestige are lower for women than for men. Essay II examines why women receive relatively low returns to prestige. Family related factors are shown to be crucial. The gender difference in pay-off to prestige is thus marked among married/cohabiting employees with children but insignificant among singles as well as among childless married/cohabiting women and men. The gender wage gap in high-prestige occupations is largely due to differences between women and men in work characteristics difficult to reconcile with family duties. In essay III the functional form of the relation between wages and occupational sex composition is investigated. In the cross-section gender mixed occupations have the highest wages. Panel data tend to confirm this pattern: mobility from strongly male or female dominated occupations to more gender mixed occupations is associated with relatively high rates of wage growth. Further, there is a wage premium for care work but a wage penalty for other service work. These findings do not support devaluation theory. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. 3: Accepted.</p>

The switch from a fixed exchange rate regime to a flexible exchange rate regime seldom goes smoothly. A major reason why devaluations are so disruptive is that countries are reluctant to abandon their fixed exchange rate regimes. This “reluctance to devalue” phenomenon is one of the puzzles in international finance. This dissertation makes towards understanding this “reluctance to devalue”. First, I investigate the factors that may influence the probability of a switch from a fixed to a flexible exchange rate regime using survival models. I find that pegs have non-monotonic duration dependence. Moreover, I find that GDP growth strongly influences the probability of abandoning a peg. Second, I propose that the “reluctance to devalue” could stem from uncertainty about the control over inflation after devaluation which raises the threshold of economic pain that could convince policy makers to devalue. I develop this argument in a rules-vs-discretion theoretical framework. Empirical analysis based on survey data from Bulgaria supports this hypothesis. Given that abandoning a fixed exchange rate regime is one of the three options that are available to countries on a peg, I investigate whether a periphery country's decision to abandon its peg is impacted by a potential move to a currency union. I find that the perception of “insurance” justified by expected-bailouts in a currency union increase the support for joining a currency union. The strength of this “safety net” perception is strong despite expected negative impact of the currency union on the country’s macroeconomic indicators.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 164-173)

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2008. / Includes appendix. Title from PDF title page (viewed May 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-25)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [165]-173).