<p>When restoring a test environment, the key to success is that the process is fast and automatic. The goal is to have as little user interaction as possible.</p><p>This master thesis evaluates solutions for handling the restoration of the test environments and investigates a couple of possible approaches. It turns out that the most effective way of solving the problem is to elaborate a customized software. The interface and workflow of this software is described in the thesis.</p><p>Testing of the new software is performed and the thesis ends with some conclusions regarding the new solution and proposals for future development.</p>

<p>This project has been design orientated and the focus was to study the possibilities of the glass in a industrial product development process. The goal has been to develop a lighting product with strong character that furthermore has possibilities to rational manufacturing. The inspiration comes from many different elements, like 1700 century Swedish glass, Moulin Rouge and contemporary shapes and expressions.</p>

New innovation and technology have influenced the development of product development processes and the four largest banks in Sweden have more or less been forced to adapt their products and services along new customer requirements. It may therefore be considered appropriate to involve customers in this process. This by collecting customer information and allow customers to influence the process to a greater extent. The payment solutions of Sweden’s largest banks' continue to evolve and to pay with electronic money has come to change banks' product development processes of payment solutions. This process should not only create an innovative product but should also be performed with continuous quality, sharp focus and prioritization, fast action, team focus, customer involvement, follow-through, and with a final product with strong competitive advantages that satisfies customer needs. The purpose of this study is with help from Sweden's four largest banking groups; Handelsbanken, Swedbank, Nordea and SEB, create the optimal product development process that includes customer involvement, customer impact, and clearly indicate where and how the collection of customer data should occur. This, with the help of a developed analysis tool - as a result of the study, can be applied to analyze the extent to which customers can be considered to be involved and influence the product development process. The four banks do not involve customers in a sufficiently large extent in the current situation in their product development processes. Customer information is collected but not always implemented and the instances where customers may be involved and influence are too few. By modifying the process and eliminating and adding new process phases and in these involve customers with complementary methods has an optimal product development process been developed with a focus on the collection of customer information, customer involvement and customer impact. This process aims to create competitive advantages for banks through increased customer focus. / Ny innovation och teknik har påverkat utvecklingen av produktutvecklingsprocesser och Sveriges största bankkoncerner har mer eller mindre blivit tvungna att anpassa sina produkter och tjänster utefter nya kundkrav, det kan därför anses lämpligt att involvera kunderna i processen. Detta genom att samla in kundinformation och låta kunderna påverka processen i en större utsträckning. Sveriges största bankkoncerners betalningslösningar fortsätter att utvecklas och att betala med elektroniska pengar har kommit att förändra bankernas produktutvecklingsprocesser av betalningslösningar. Denna process ska inte endast skapa innovativa produkter utan också genomföras med kontinuerlig kvalité, skarpt fokus och prioritering, snabba aktiviteter, team fokus, kundinvolvering, uppföljning och med en slutprodukt med starka konkurrensfördelar och som tillfredsställer kundernas behov. Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av Sveriges fyra största bankkoncerner; Handelsbanken, Swedbank, Nordea och SEB, skapa den optimala produktutvecklingsprocessen och påvisa vart i denna process kundinvolvering, kundpåverkan och insamling av kundinformation bör ske. Detta med hjälp av ett framtaget analysverktyg, ett resultat av studien, som kan tillämpas för att analysera i vilken utsträckning kunderna kan anses vara involverade och påverka en produktutvecklingsprocess.  I dagsläget involverar bankerna inte kunderna i produktutvecklingsprocessen i tillräckligt stor utsträckning. Kundinformation samlas in men implementeras inte alltid och tillfällen där kunderna kan vara involverade och påverka är få. Genom att modifiera processen och eliminera samt addera nya processfaser och i dessa involvera kunderna med kompletterande metoder har en optimal produktutvecklingsprocess framtagits med fokus på insamling av kundinformation, kundinvolvering och kundpåverkan. Denna process är avsedd att stärka bankernas konkurrensfördelar genom att sätta kunden i fokus.

Developing a large software system involves many complicated, varied, and inter-dependent tasks, and these tasks are typically implemented using a combination of defined processes, semi-automated tools, and ad hoc practices. Stakeholders in the development process --- including software developers, managers, and customers --- often want to be able to track the actual practices being employed within a project. For example, a customer may wish to be sure that the process is ISO 9000 compliant, a manager may wish to track the amount of testing that has been done in the current iteration, and a developer may wish to determine who has recently been working on a subsystem that has had several major bugs appear in it. However, extracting the software development processes from an existing project is expensive if one must rely upon manual inspection of artifacts and interviews of developers and their managers. Previously, researchers have suggested the live observation and instrumentation of a project to allow for more measurement, but this is costly, invasive, and also requires a live running project. In this work, we propose an approach that we call software process recovery that is based on after-the-fact analysis of various kinds of software development artifacts. We use a variety of supervised and unsupervised techniques from machine learning, topic analysis, natural language processing, and statistics on software repositories such as version control systems, bug trackers, and mailing list archives. We show how we can combine all of these methods to recover process signals that we map back to software development processes such as the Unified Process. The Unified Process has been visualized using a time-line view that shows effort per parallel discipline occurring across time. This visualization is called the Unified Process diagram. We use this diagram as inspiration to produce Recovered Unified Process Views (RUPV) that are a concrete version of this theoretical Unified Process diagram. We then validate these methods using case studies of multiple open source software systems.

I samband med avregleringen av den svenska postmarknaden är PostNord AB ett företag som de senaste decennierna stått inför många utmaningar. Syftet med denna studie är att studera PostNords interna styrning under en större omorganisation. Detta sker i dagsläget inom PostNords verksamhet i samband med omstruktureringen av enheterna för distribution av paket och pallgods i Stockholmsområdet och vi har därför valt att basera vår studie på denna process. För att uppfylla syftet har vi genomfört ett flertal kvalitativa intervjuer, vilka även har underbyggts av företagets offentliga och interna dokument. Genom att använda oss av en teoretisk referensram med utgångspunkt i nyinstitutionell teori och organisationskommunikation framträder en bild av fallföretagets interna styrning. Med utgångspunkt i vår tolkning blir slutsatsen att PostNord är ett företag som genom rationella förändringar klarar av att anpassa sig till en föränderlig omvärld. Därmed kommer de troligtvis även i fortsättningen att behålla sin starka position på den svenska postmarknaden. / PostNord AB is a company that in recent decades has faced many challenges becuase of the changes in market demands evolving from the reformation of the Swedish Postal Service. The purpose of this study is to investigate an organization’s internal management during a major reorganization. The focus of this paper is the current process in which PostNord is reconstructing their facilities of distribution for parcels and goods in the Stockholm area. To reach our aims for this paper we conducted a number of interviews, which in turn has been supported by the company's public and internal documents. Through the use of a theoretical framework based on new institutionalism and organizational communication emerges an understanding of the company's internal management. Based on our interpretations we draw the conclusion that PostNord is an organisation that will continue to thrive with their abillity to adapt and make rational decisions in a continously changing environment.

Smart Clothing, the convergent future of the electronics and clothing industries, struggles to reach its true potential and enter the mass market because of 1) imbalanced contributions from the electronics and clothing sectors, 2) the lack of an integrated approach to optimise the input from the different areas, and 3) the unclear direction of the products. There is a need for an NPD process that balances all contributions and addresses new values based on user requirements. Moreover, a strategic approach, that challenges the development teams to go beyond their existing creative boundary and reconciles their differences, is required. According to the research, Smart Clothes should take the design approach of functional clothing and focus on the area of sportswear, personal healthcare and physical monitoring, as they fit the users’ lifestyle and requirements. Since social acceptance is an important factor, Smart Clothes must also have a good design and whilst, at the same time, perform all the basic functions that ordinary garments do. They should allow the user to personalise the styles and functions according to the benefits, with respect to product lifecycle and disassembly. A conceptual model of the NPD process was developed and tested with experts in this field. The proposed model provides the basis for a computer software to plan and manage product development teams and activities at the front-end of the NPD process. It offers several advantages: 1. Combining the NPD models and those of collaborative development 2. Providing a holistic view of Smart Clothing development 3. Clarifying of the roles of all participants within the collaborative development teams 4. Describing the responsibilities and expected contributions of all participants 5. Explaining working relationships and overlapping roles and responsibilities 6. Offering the directions for the creative boundary extension

As pressões geradas pela competitividade têm aumentado intensamente justificando assim uma maior preocupação com a gestão do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP). Administradores têm priorizado a sistematização deste processo a partir da implantação de atividades, ferramentas, conceitos e melhores práticas dos modelos referenciais para o PDP. Os modelos referenciais são adotados nas empresas através de projetos de mudança ou melhoria na empresa e incluem: o diagnóstico das necessidades de melhoria, seleção de melhores práticas, implantação e acompanhamento da mudança do PDP. Entretanto, nem sempre as melhores práticas são realizadas integralmente na rotina da empresa, posteriormente à implantação, o que suscita a dúvida sobre a efetividade dos métodos de melhoria para atingir uma mudança duradoura e de sucesso. O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar práticas que contribuam para uma mudança duradoura no PDP de empresas e incorporar estas práticas a um método de melhoria existente. Os resultados indicam que os métodos de melhoria para o PDP, presentes na literatura, contemplam um conjunto de melhores práticas com forte enfoque nos aspectos de gestão do processo, porém não tão fortes nas práticas relacionadas à gestão da equipe envolvida na execução das mudanças. Desta forma, práticas de gestão de pessoas foram incorporadas num método de melhoria para PDP e experimentado através de um estudo de caso em empresa do setor metal-mecânico. As características de maturidade da empresa limitam a aplicação integral da proposta, confirmando que a adoção das práticas de gestão de pessoas depende da cultura organizacional vigente e, por conseqüência, do estilo e apoio gerencial, o que em última instância reflete o nível de maturidade da organização para os processos de mudança e melhoria do PDP. / Pressures of competition have increased strongly justifying more concern with the Product Development Process (PDP) management. Administrators have focused on the systematization of this process through the implementation of activities, tools, concepts and best practice from reference models. The PDP reference models are adopted in companies via improvement or change projects that include: the diagnostic of requirements for improvement, the selection of best practices, the implementation and monitoring of PDP change. However, the best practices are not always performed entirely on the company's routine, after the implantation, what raises doubt about the effectiveness of improvement methods to achieve long lasting change and success. This article aims to present a literature review and comparison of the improving methods to identify the best practices that address a well succeeded PDP improvement. The results indicate that the methods of improvement for PDP, existing in the literature, include a set of best practices with a strong focus on aspects related to resources management of the project improvement, but not as strong in practices related to team management involved in implementing changes. Thus, practices related to people management were incorporated into a comprehensive method of improvement for PDP and experienced through a case study in a metal mechanic company. The company maturity characteristics limited the full implementation of the proposal, confirming that the adoption of best practices related to people management depends on organizational culture and, consequently, on the management style and support. The latest, ultimately, reflects the level of maturity of the organization to change processes and PDP improvement.

O Design, inserido na complexidade do atual ambiente social, cultural, produtivo e mercadológico se apresenta como uma atividade complexa, o que exige o estudo de estratégias de inovação direcionadas a resolução de problemas de projeto, aplicáveis ao Design de Moda. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo propõe a apresentação de um framework para implementação de estratégias de inovação pelo Design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de moda em empresas de confecção do vestuário, valendo-se da abordagem teórico-metodológica de Design Estratégico. Frente a essa proposta de estudo, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três fases sistêmicas: Epistemologia do Projeto, Praxiologia do Projeto e Pedagogia do Projeto. A primeira fase compreendeu a realização de uma Pesquisa Bibliográfica sobre o tema com o objetivo de refletir sobre a natureza complexa da atividade de Design sob a perspectiva da cultura de projeto, trazendo algumas abordagens conceituais e metodológicas em Design Estratégico e Design de Moda. A segunda fase compreendeu a realização de uma Pesquisa de Campo e de um Estudo de Caso com o objetivo identificar as práxis de Design adotadas em empresas de confecção do vestuário vinculadas ao Arranjo Produtivo Local Têxtil e do Vestuário (APL Polovest), localizado na região do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho. Inicialmente, buscou-se identificar a presença e as formas de atuação do Design nestas empresas, e posteriormente, diagnosticar a função do Design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de moda em três empresas com potencial para implementação de estratégias de inovação pelo Design. A terceira fase compreendeu a realização de uma Pesquisa Ação com o objetivo de implementar estratégias de inovação pelo Design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de moda nas três empresas que participaram da fase anterior do estudo. Os resultados obtidos nestas fases da pesquisa permitiram a reflexão sobre a teoria e a prática em Design de Moda, possibilitando a configuração de um framework para orientar a implementação de estratégias de inovação no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de moda em empresas de confecção do vestuário. O framework propõe a construção de uma nova cultura de projeto nestas empresas, capitalizando um conjunto de conhecimentos em torno da ação projetual, a fim de direcionar à identificação, à análise e a resolução de problemas de projeto, inseridos na complexidade da atividade de Design. Portanto, espera-se que a aplicação do framework possa indicar oportunidades de inovação projetual, tornando estas empresas mais competitivas por meio de suas ofertas, com vistas ao fortalecimento do setor do vestuário na região do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho. / Design, inserted in the complexity of the current social, cultural, productive and market environment, represents a complex activity, requiring the study of innovation strategies directed to solving project problems, applicable to Fashion Design. In this regard, the present study proposes a Design framework for implementing innovation strategies in the development of fashion products in apparel manufacturing companies, drawing on the theoretical-methodological approach of Strategic Design. Given this study’s proposal, research was developed in three systemic phases: Project Epistemology, Project Praxeology and Project Pedagogy. The first phase involved a literature review on the theme, which contemplated the complex nature of the Design activity from a project culture perspective, conveying some conceptual and methodological approaches from Strategic and Fashion Design. The second phase involved a Field Survey and a Case Study, with the goal of identifying the Design praxis adopted by apparel manufacturing companies linked to the Local Textile and Clothing Productive Arrangement (APL Polovest), located in the Alto Uruguai Gaúcho region, southern Brazil. Initially, we sought to identify the presence and proceedings of Design in these companies and, later, to establish the role of Design in the process of fashion products development in three companies, selected for their potential to implement innovation strategies through Design. The third phase involved the execution of an Action Research to implement innovation strategies through Design in the process of developing fashion products in the companies from the previous phase. Results obtained in these research phases supported a critical reflection on Fashion Design theory and practice, as well as the configuration of a framework to guide the implementation of Design innovation strategies in the process of developing fashion products in apparel manufacturing companies. The framework proposes the construction of a novel project culture in these companies, using a set of knowledge capitalized around the project action, guiding the identification, analysis and resolution of project problems inserted into the Design action complexity. Therefore, we may expect the implementation of this framework to reveal opportunities for project innovation, making these companies more competitive through their offerings, with focus on the strengthening of the clothing sector in the Alto Uruguai Gaúcho region.

Os sistemas de Gestão do Ciclo de Vida do Produto (Product Lifeclycle Management – PLM), apesar de serem de suma importância no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) para que as empresas enfrentem as novas condições de sobrevivência no mercado atual, ainda não são plenamente conhecidos. Além disso, existem poucos trabalhos científicos relacionados à implantação deste tipo de sistemas durante o Processo de Desenvolvimento de um novo produto na empresa. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a análise da implantação de um sistema PLM no PDP de uma empresa de tecnologia através de: (i) levantamento do estado da arte sobre sistemas PLM, segundo a literatura, incluindo a apresentação dos modelos de referência e a integração das informações neste tipo de sistemas; (ii) comparativo entre as funções e tecnologias de sistemas de gestão do ciclo de vida do produto encontrados na bibliografia com os de um caso de implantação real e (iii) levantamento de quais funcionalidades e tecnologias presentes na implantação real de um sistema PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) suprem os requisitos de gestão do ciclo de vida do produto na empresa, para caracterizar um projeto de implantação real de um sistema PLM no PDP de uma empresa de tecnologia. / The Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Systems, although being a imperative request to allow companies to develop new products, facing the new survival conditions in the current market, are not very well-known. Besides that, there are few scientific works related to the implementation of this kind of system and its usage in a Product Development environment. The objectives of this work are: (i) to rise, according with the bibliography, the state of the art of PLM systems, (ii) to rise, according to the bibliography, the functionalities and technologies requirements of a PLM system in a Product Development Process (PDP) environment and to compare those requirements with a real implementation case and (iii) to rise which funcionalities and technologies of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) systems supply the founded needs to characterize a project of a real PLM system implementation in a Product Development Process environment.

Os administradores de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) buscam práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos e conhecimento que auxilie a permanência delas e o crescimento no mercado. Uma forma de incorporar práticas consagradas é através da sistematização do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP). A representação desse processo pode ser realizada por meio de modelos referenciais os quais incluem atividades, ferramentas, conceitos e melhores práticas. Apesar disso, no que se refere à estruturação do PDP, de um modo geral, as empresas não incorporaram facilmente essas práticas à sua realidade. Em decorrência desse fato, há a necessidade de um modelo de transição entre a prática atual e aquelas propostas pelos modelos de referência disponíveis na literatura. No caso das empresas do setor farmacêutico, essa realidade não é diferente. A maioria das empresas, principalmente pequenas e médias, não considera fácil a tarefa de entendimento e implantação de um modelo referencial para o PDP. Contribuindo com a resolução dessa problemática, esse trabalho objetiva a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção em empresas farmacêuticas de pequeno e médio porte. Essa proposta apresenta etapas para guiar a implantação de um modelo referencial adaptado ao setor e à empresa. Para tal, a proposta desse trabalho incorporou as melhores práticas de intervenção encontradas na literatura, como aspectos concernentes à engenharia do método e ao PDP. Foram analisados o ambiente de aplicação dos mesmos, o contexto do setor farmacêutico brasileiro e a estrutura organizacional das empresas de pequeno e médio porte, através de revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso. Um modelo preliminar de intervenção foi elaborado considerando esses aspectos e guiado pelas teorias de gestão da mudança e engenharia do método. O modelo foi aprimorado através da sua aplicação em uma empresa, através de pesquisa-ação. O modelo de intervenção resultante desse trabalho contempla as características de PME do setor para auxiliar como guia para a melhoria dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos e apresenta os princípios norteadores do processo de intervenção contemplando ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas para a realização do mesmo, além dos passos e etapas a serem seguidas. / The small and medium enterprises (SME) managers search for best practices and knowledges that help growing on the competitive world. The product development process (PDP), systematization and organization importance are largely diffused. The reference models are the PDP representation and include activities, tools, concepts and best practices. Nevertheless, the corporations do not easily incorporate those practices on their routine to improve their PDP. Then, a transition model from the real practice to the proposed literature reference model is needed. The pharmaceutical companies’ reality is not different. The enterprise’s managers, especially small and medium ones, do not consider easy to understand and implement the reference models. This research considered the theory of Method Engineering dominium applied to the Organizational Engineering dominium to compose an Intervention Model for the Pharmaceutical SME’s PDP. The model incorporated the intervention’s best practices found in the literature. The method and PDP dominium was discussed. The review of Brazilian Small and Medium Pharmaceutical Industry and their enterprise’s organizational structure characterizes the environment of intervention. Case studies performed at a company with typical characteristics of the studied group complemented the information of literature review. Useful tools and practices for the Pharmaceutical PDP and Intervention were identified from literature. The consideration of Change Management and Method Engineering theory led to the elaboration of the Preliminary Intervention Model. This model was evaluated by its application in a medium-sized pharmaceutical organization by action-research. The researcher’s observation supported the model improvement. This improvement generated the Intervention Model. The Intervention Model considers the pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises characteristics and can guide to the Pharmaceutical PDP improvement. The Model presents the processes, practices, principles and tools for the intervention process.