Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-09-28T20:12:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-10-01T13:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-01T13:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSiqueiraMartins_TESE.pdf: 3898946 bytes, checksum: 0606c73d62c01f99eaf21d5af3faf852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / A detec??o e o diagn?stico de falhas, ou seja, descobrir como, onde e porque as falhas acontecem, ? uma importante ?rea de estudo desde que o homem passou a ser substitu?do pelas m?quinas. No entanto, nenhuma t?cnica estudada at? hoje consegue resolver em definitivo o problema. As diferen?as em sistemas din?micos, sejam eles lineares, n?o lineares, variantes ou invariantes no tempo, com redund?ncia f?sica ou mesmo anal?tica dificultam as pesquisas no sentido de obter uma solu??o ?nica. Neste trabalho, ser? apresentada uma t?cnica de detec??o e diagn?sticos de falhas (FDD) em sistemas din?micos utilizando observadores de estado em conjunto com outras ferramentas de maneira a criar um FDD h?brido. Um observador de estado modificado ser? utilizado para a cria??o de um res?duo que permita a detec??o e tamb?m o diagn?sticos de falhas. Um banco de assinaturas de falhas ser? criado a partir de recortes utilizando ferramentas estat?sticas e por fim uma aproxima??o usando erro m?dio quadr?tico (MSE) servir? de infer?ncia e auxiliar? no estudo do comportamento das falhas e no diagn?stico das mesmas, ainda que na presen?a de ru?dos. Essa metodologia ser? ent?o aplicada a uma planta did?tica de tanques acopladas e outra com instrumenta??o industrial com fim de validar o sistema. / The detection and diagnosis of faults, ie., find out how , where and why failures occur is an important area of study since man came to be replaced by machines. However, no technique studied to date can solve definitively the problem. Differences in dynamic systems, whether linear, nonlinear, variant or invariant in time, with physical or analytical redundancy, hamper research in order to obtain a unique solution . In this paper, a technique for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) will be presented in dynamic systems using state observers in conjunction with other tools in order to create a hybrid FDD. A modified state observer is used to create a residue that allows also the detection and diagnosis of faults. A bank of faults signatures will be created using statistical tools and finally an approach using mean squared error ( MSE ) will assist in the study of the behavior of fault diagnosis even in the presence of noise . This methodology is then applied to an educational plant with coupled tanks and other with industrial instrumentation to validate the system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CeciliaRML_TESE.pdf: 2405004 bytes, checksum: b79db46caa488d92a5933e45e80ca647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / The area of the hospital automation has been the subject a lot of research, addressing relevant issues which can be automated, such as: management and control (electronic medical records, scheduling appointments, hospitalization, among others); communication (tracking patients, staff and materials), development of medical, hospital and laboratory equipment; monitoring (patients, staff and materials); and aid to medical diagnosis (according to each speciality). This thesis presents an architecture for a patient monitoring and alert systems. This architecture is based on intelligent systems techniques and is applied in hospital automation, specifically in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for the patient monitoring in hospital environment. The main goal of this architecture is to transform the multiparameter monitor data into useful information, through the knowledge of specialists and normal parameters of vital signs based on fuzzy logic that allows to extract information about the clinical condition of ICU patients and give a pre-diagnosis. Finally, alerts are dispatched to medical professionals in case any abnormality is found during monitoring. After the validation of the architecture, the fuzzy logic inferences were applied to the trainning and validation of an Artificial Neural Network for classification of the cases that were validated a priori with the fuzzy system / A ?rea da automa??o hospitalar tem sido alvo de muitas pesquisas, abordando problemas pertinentes que podem ser automatizados, como: gerenciamento e controle (prontu?rio eletr?nico, marca??o de consulta, internamento, entre outros); comunica??o (rastreamento de pacientes, materiais e funcion?rios); desenvolvimento de equipamentos m?dicos, hospitalares e laboratoriais; monitoramento (pacientes, materiais e funcion?rios); e aux?lio ao diagn?stico m?dico (de acordo com cada especialidade). Esta tese de doutorado apresenta uma Arquitetura de um Sistema Inteligente de Monitoramento e Envio de Alertas de Pacientes (SIMAp). A arquitetura est? baseada em t?cnicas de sistemas inteligentes e aplicada na automa??o hospitalar, mais especificamente em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) para monitoramento de pacientes. O objetivo do SIMAp ? a transforma??o dos dados do monitor multiparam?trico em informa??es, por meio do conhecimento dos especialistas e dos par?metros de normalidade dos sinais vitais de pacientes, utilizando l?gica fuzzy na extra??o das informa??es a respeito do quadro cl?nico de pacientes internados em UTI. Por fim, alertas s?o gerados e podem ser enviados para a equipe m?dica, caso seja encontrada alguma anormalidade no monitoramento. Ap?s a valida??o da arquitetura, as infer?ncias oriundas do modelo fuzzy foram aplicadas no treinamento e valida??o de uma RNA para a classifica??o das situa??es previstas no modelo, resultando no pr?-diagn?sticos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauciaRMAS_TESE.pdf: 2163942 bytes, checksum: 5778dd8818ffc286b87137c2a56b9fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Breast cancer, despite being one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide is a disease that can be cured if diagnosed early. One of the main techniques used in the detection of breast cancer is the Fine Needle Aspirate FNA (aspiration puncture by thin needle) which, depending on the clinical case, requires the analysis of several medical specialists for the diagnosis development. However, such diagnosis and second opinions have been hampered by geographical dispersion of physicians and/or the difficulty in reconciling time to undertake work together. Within this reality, this PhD thesis uses computational intelligence in medical decision-making support for remote diagnosis. For that purpose, it presents a fuzzy method to assist the diagnosis of breast cancer, able to process and sort data extracted from breast tissue obtained by FNA. This method is integrated into a virtual environment for collaborative remote diagnosis, whose model was developed providing for the incorporation of prerequisite Modules for Pre Diagnosis to support medical decision. On the fuzzy Method Development, the process of knowledge acquisition was carried out by extraction and analysis of numerical data in gold standard data base and by interviews and discussions with medical experts. The method has been tested and validated with real cases and, according to the sensitivity and specificity achieved (correct diagnosis of tumors, malignant and benign respectively), the results obtained were satisfactory, considering the opinions of doctors and the quality standards for diagnosis of breast cancer and comparing them with other studies involving breast cancer diagnosis by FNA. / O c?ncer de mama, apesar de ser uma das principais causas de morte entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, ? uma doen?a que pode ser curada se for diagnosticada precocemente. Uma das principais t?cnicas utilizadas na detec??o de c?ncer de mama ? a Fine Needle Aspirate FNA (ou Pun??o Aspirativa por Agulha Fina) que, dependendo do caso cl?nico, necessita da an?lise de v?rios m?dicos especialistas para a efetiva??o do diagn?stico. Entretanto, a realiza??o de tais diagn?sticos e a emiss?o de segundos pareceres t?m sido prejudicadas pela dispers?o geogr?fica dos m?dicos e/ou a dificuldade na concilia??o de tempo para realizar trabalhos em conjunto. Inserindo-se nessa realidade, esta tese de doutorado utiliza intelig?ncia computacional no apoio ? tomada de decis?o m?dica para a realiza??o de telediagn?sticos. Para tanto apresenta um m?todo fuzzy destinado a auxiliar o diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama, capaz de processar e classificar dados extra?dos de esfrega?os de tecidos mam?rios obtidos por FNA. Este m?todo est? integrado a um ambiente virtual para realiza??o de telediagn?stico colaborativo, cujo modelo foi desenvolvido prevendo a incorpora??o de M?dulos de Pr?-Diagn?stico para apoio ? tomada de decis?o m?dica. No desenvolvimento do m?todo fuzzy, o processo de aquisi??o do conhecimento foi realizado pela extra??o e an?lise dos dados num?ricos em base de dados padr?o ouro e por entrevistas e discuss?es com m?dicos especialistas. O m?todo foi testado e validado com casos reais e, em fun??o da sensibilidade e da especificidade alcan?adas (diagn?stico correto de tumores, respectivamente, malignos e benignos), os resultados obtidos foram satisfat?rios, considerando tanto os pareceres de m?dicos e os padr?es de qualidade para diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama quanto a compara??o com outros estudos realizados envolvendo diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama por FNA.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoCF.pdf: 3320677 bytes, checksum: 8e14c54d294c2ecf5424b620562449ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The activities developed in the coastal zone always arise the researchers interest, mainly when it is developed in fragile ecological areas, not observing the sustenable development laws. In this context, the analysis presented developed around the estuary of Curimatau river, located in the Eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, integrates information provided by high resolution images of orbital remote sensing (IKONOS II, dated of July of 2003) and images of not-orbital remote sensing (Air photographs of DPU, dated of March of 1997) in a multitemporary perspective, diagnosising patterns of use and occupation, evaluating the main area?s impacts, together with the estuarian region fisiograph of Curimatau river. The use of high resolution images consequently allowed generates a precision cartography, facilitating the quantification of the evolution of the landscape and supporting decisions. Was possible yet, the definition of use areas, conservation areas and preservation areas; that were inserted in the concept of Potentialities: a fundamental element to management of vulnerable areas of the natural point of view. The information provided during the research had been stored in an Enviromental Georreferenced Data Base, constructed under the optics of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), that they facilitate the environment management Through fast access to information. The results were satisfactory, because permits the quantification of evolution of the landscape and the mapping. Beyond the geoenviromental diagnosis, was possible develop maps and matrixes that support the Rio Grande do Norte state costal Management. / As atividades desenvolvidas na zona costeira sempre despertaram o interesse dos pesquisadores, principalmente quando s?o desenvolvidas em ?reas ecologicamente fr?geis, n?o observando os preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentavelmente empreendido. Nesse contexto, a an?lise apresentada neste trabalho, desenvolvido no entorno do estu?rio do rio Curimata?, localizado no litoral Oriental do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, integra informa??es obtidas atrav?s de imagens de alta resolu??o de sensoriamento remoto orbital (IKONOS II, datadas de julho de 2003) e imagens de sensoriamento remoto n?o-orbital (Fotografias A?reas da DPU, datadas de mar?o de 1997) numa perspectiva multitemporal, diagnosticando os padr?es de uso e ocupa??o, avaliando os principais impactos da ?rea, juntamente com a fisiografia da regi?o estuarina do rio Curimata?. A utiliza??o de imagens de alta resolu??o permitiu a gera??o de uma cartografia de precis?o, facilitando a quantifica??o da evolu??o da paisagem e conseq?entemente a tomada de decis?es. Permitiram, ainda, a defini??o de ?reas de uso, ?reas de conserva??o e ?reas de preserva??o; par?metros, estes, inseridos no conceito de Potencialidades; altamente v?lido na gest?o de ?reas vulner?veis do ponto de vista natural. As informa??es obtidas no decorrer da pesquisa foram armazenadas em um Banco de Dados Ambientais Georreferenciados, constru?do sob a ?tica dos Sistemas de Informa??es Geogr?ficas (SIG?s), que facilitam sobremaneira a gest?o ambiental, no sentido de as informa??es poderem ser acessadas de forma r?pida e racional. Os resultados foram bastante satisfat?rios, pois permitiram a quantifica??o da evolu??o da paisagem e o mapeamento preciso das fei??es ocorrentes na ?rea de estudo, tendo sido poss?vel gerar, al?m do diagn?stico geoambiental, matrizes e mapas que auxiliar?o de maneira racional, simples, r?pida e barata o gerenciamento costeiro do estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoJSF_DISSERT.pdf: 3045279 bytes, checksum: 8153fafe331060792baf7be0c25c538f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Vascular anomalies constitute a distinct group of lesions, but they may present similar clinical and histopatological characteristics, which can lead to diagnostic mistakes. This study aimed by histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), correctly identify and classify oral vascular anomalies, besides analyzing the immunoexpression of markers proliferation and apoptosis (Ki-67 and Bcl-2). All cases diagnosed as "oral hemangiomas" belonging to the archives of the Service of Pathological Anatomy from the subject of Oral Pathology of the Department of Dentistry (DOD), of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) were reviewed, totalizing 77 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis for GLUT-1 showed that only 26 (33.8%) of the specimens were true infantile hemangiomas (IHs). The 51 (66.2%%) GLUT-1 negative specimens were then reclassified as pyogenic granulomas (PGs) and vascular malformations (VMs) from their histopathologic characteristics,totalizing 26 (33.8%) cases of IHs, 20 (26.0%) of PGs and 31 (40.2) cases of oral VMs. The cases analyzed by the marker Ki-67 showed different median IH (13,85), PG (33,70) and VM (4.55) with statistically significant differences between them (p <0.001). In relation to the protein Bcl-2, the groups also showed different median of the established scores IH (1.00), PG (1.50), VMs (0.0) demonstrating statistically significant differences between them (p<0,001). No statistically significant correlation between the indexes of positivity for Ki-67 and the scores of immunoexpression of Bcl-2 were observed in any group. Thus, we can conclude that it is necessary a careful and parameterized review of cases of vascular anomalies making use of auxiliary tools such as GLUT-1, since the histopathological findings alone, sometimes, are not sufficient to differentiate some anomalies. Furthermore, analysis of the expressions of markers involved in the levels of proliferation of lesions is important for a better understanding of its biological behavior aspect / As anomalias vasculares constituem um grupo de les?es distintas, mas que podem apresentar caracter?sticas cl?nicas e histopatol?gicas semelhantes, que podem levar a equ?vocos diagn?sticos.Este estudo objetivou por meio da histopatologia e da express?o imuno-histoqu?mica daprote?na humana transportadora de glicose (GLUT-1), identificar e classificar corretamente as anomalias vasculares orais, al?m de analisar a imunoexpress?o de marcadores de prolifera??o e apoptose (Ki-67 e Bcl-2).Todos os casos diagnosticados como hemangiomas orais pertencentes aos arquivos do Servi?o de Anatomia Patol?gica da disciplina de Patologia Oral do Departamento de Odontologia (DOD) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) foram revisados, totalizando 77 casos. A an?lise imuno-histoqu?mica para GLUT-1 revelou que apenas 26 (33,8%) dos esp?cimes tratavam-se de hemangiomas da inf?ncia (HIs) verdadeiros. Os 51 (66,2%%)esp?cimes GLUT-1 negativos foram ent?o reclassificados em granulomas piog?nicos (GPs) e malforma??es vasculares (MVs) a partir de suas caracter?sticas histopatol?gicas, totalizando 26 (33,8%) casos de HIs, 20 (26,0%) de GPs e 31 (40,2) casos de MVs orais. Os casos submetidos ? an?lise do marcador Ki-67 apresentaram medianas diferentes HI (13,85), GP (33,70) e MV (4,55) com diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre elas (p<0,001). Em rela??o ? prote?na Bcl-2, os grupos tamb?m apresentaram diferentes medianas dos escores estabelecidos HI (1,00), GP (1,50), MVs (0,0), demonstrando diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre elas (p<0,001). N?o foi observada correla??o estatisticamente significante entre os ?ndices de positividade para o Ki-67 e os escores de imunoexpress?o de Bcl-2 em nenhum grupo.Dessa maneira, podemos concluir que se faz necess?rio uma revis?o criteriosa e parametrizada dos casos de anomalias vasculares utilizando ferramentas auxiliares, como a GLUT-1, uma vez que os achados histopatol?gicos sozinhos, ?s vezes, n?o s?o suficientes para diferenciar algumas anomalias. Al?m disso, a an?lise das express?es de marcadores envolvidos nos n?veis de prolifera??o das les?es ? um aspecto importante para o melhor entendimento do seu comportamento biol?gico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaFGM.pdf: 2684798 bytes, checksum: 4d672e17bab00bdd5d88eb70b9c57edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Many studies on environmental ecosystems quality related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been carried out routinely due to their ubiquotus presence worldwide and to their potential toxicity after its biotransformation. PAH may be introduced into the environmet by natural and anthropogenic processes from direct runoff and discharges and indirect atmospheric deposition. Sources of naturally occurring PAHs include natural fires, natural oil seepage and recent biological or diagenetic processes. Anthropogenic sources of PAHs, acute or chronic, are combustion of organic matter (petroleum, coal, wood), waste and releases/spills of petroleum and derivatives (river runoff, sewage outfalls, maritime transport, pipelines). Besides the co-existence of multiples sources of PAH in the environmental samples, these compounds are subject to many processes that lead to geochemical fates (physical-chemical transformation, biodegradation and photo-oxidation), which leads to an alteration of their composition. All these facts make the identification of the hydrocarbons sources, if petrogenic, pyrolytic or natural, a challenge. One of the objectives of this study is to establish tools to identify the origin of hydrocarbons in environmental samples. PAH diagnostic ratios and PAH principal component analysis were tested on a critical area: Guanabara Bay sediments. Guanabara Bay is located in a complex urban area of Rio de Janeiro with a high anthropogenic influence, being an endpoint of chronic pollution from the Greater Rio and it was the scenario of an acute event of oil release in January 2000. It were quantified 38 compounds, parental and alkylated PAH, in 21 sediment samples collected in two surveys: 2000 and 2003. The PAH levels varied from 400 to 58439 ng g-1. Both tested techniques for origin identification of hydrocarbons have shown their applicability, being able to discriminate the PAH sources for the majority of the samples analysed. The bay sediments were separated into two big clusters: sediments with a clear pattern of petrogenic introduction of hydrocarbons (from intertidal area) and sediments with combustion characteristics (from subtidal region). Only a minority of the samples could not display a clear contribution of petrogenic or pyrolytic input. The diagnostic ratios that have exhibited high ability to distinguish combustion- and petroleum-derived PAH inputs for Guanabara Bay sediments were Phenanthrene+Anthracene/(Phenanthrene+Anthracene+C1Phenanthrene); Fluorantene/(Fluorantene+Pyrene); &#931; (other 3-6 ring PAHs)/ &#931; (5 alkylated PAH series). The PCA results prooved to be a useful tool for PAH source identification in the environment, corroborating the diagnostic indexes. In relation to the temporal evaluation carried out in this study, it was not verified significant changes on the class of predominant source of the samples. This result indicates that the hydrocarbons present in the Guanabara Bay sediments are mainly related to the long-term anthropogenic input and not directly related to acute events such as the oil spill of January 2000. This findings were similar to various international estuarine sites. Finally, this work had a complementary objective of evaluating the level of hydrocarbons exposure of the aquatic organisms of Guanabara Bay. It was a preliminary study in which a quantification of 12 individual biliar metabolites of PAH was performed in four demersal fish representing three different families. The analysed metabolites were 1-hydroxynaphtalene, 2-hidroxinaphtalene, 1hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1hydroxypyrene, 3-hidroxibiphenil, 3- hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxychrysene, 9hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrene. The metabolites concentrations were found to be high, ranging from 13 to 177 ?g g-1, however they were similar to worldwide regions under high anthropogenic input. Besides the metabolites established by the used protocol, it was possible to verified high concentrations of three other compounds not yet reported in the literature. They were related to pyrolytic PAH contribution to Guanabara Bay aquatic biota: 1-hydroxypyrine and 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrine isomers / In?meros estudos da qualidade de ecossistemas naturais em rela??o a contamina??o de hidrocarbonetos polic?ciclos arom?ticos (HPA) t?m sido desenvolvidos continuadamente face a sua presen?a ub?quoa em todo o planeta e ao seu potencial t?xico ap?s a biotransforma??o. A introdu??o dos HPA no meio ambiente pode ocorrer atrav?s de processos naturais e antropog?nicos, atrav?s de despejos e/ou drenagens e deposi??o atmosf?rica indireta. Fontes naturais de HPA incluem queimadas naturais, exsuda??es de ?leo e processos biog?nicos recentes. Fontes antropog?nicas de HPA, advindas de eventos cr?nicos ou agudos, s?o a combust?o incompleta de ?leo combust?vel automotivo e industrial, a queima intencional de madeira e planta??es, os despejos dom?sticos e industriais, as drenagens pluviais urbanas, os efluentes da ind?stria petrol?fera, os derrames acidentais de ?leo e derivados. Al?m da coexist?ncia de m?ltiplas fontes destes hidrocarbonetos nas amostras ambientais, os HPA est?o sujeitos a v?rios processos geoqu?micos que conduzem ? altera??o de sua composi??o qu?mica ao longo do tempo, tornando a identifica??o das fontes contaminantes, se petrog?nica, pirol?tica ou natural, um verdadeiro desafio. Desta forma, um dos objetivos deste estudo foi estabelecer ferramentas que possibilitem a determina??o das fontes de hidrocarbonetos no meio ambiente. Foram utilizadas raz?es diagn?sticas e an?lise de componentes principais de HPA, tendo sido quantificados 38 compostos, incluindo os HPA parentais e alquilados, em 21 amostras de sedimento da Ba?a de Guanabara, coletadas nos anos de 2000 e 2003. A Ba?a de Guanabara ? um ecossistema estuarino com elevada influ?ncia antropog?nica, que recebe polui??o cr?nica da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e que foi cen?rio de um derrame de ?leo em janeiro de 2000. As concentra??es de HPA nos sedimentos estudados apresentaram-se na faixa de 400 a 58439 ng g-1. Ambas as t?cnicas de diferencia??o de fontes de HPA testadas, raz?es diagn?sticas e an?lise de componentes principais, demonstraram sua aplicabilidade, permitindo a diferencia??o das fontes de HPA para a maioria dos sedimentos da ba?a, que foram divididos em dois grandes grupos: sedimentos com padr?es de introdu??o de hidrocarbonetos predominantemente petrog?nicos e sedimentos com caracter?sticas de combust?o. Apenas uma minoria de amostras n?o apresentou com nitidez a natureza de sua contamina??o. As raz?es que apresentaram maior capacidade em diferenciar as fontes de HPA foram Fluoranteno / (Fluoranteno + Pireno), (Fenantreno + Antraceno) / (Fenantreno + Antraceno + C1Fenantreno) e o ?ndice pirol?tico, &#931; (HPA parentais de 3-6 an?is) /&#931; (5 s?ries de HPA alquilados). Na avalia??o temporal realizada neste estudo n?o foram verificadas varia??es significativas na natureza das fontes contaminantes predominantes na ba?a, revelando que os hidrocarbonetos presentes est?o correlacionados principalmente com os aportes cr?nicos e n?o diretamente com eventos agudos como o derrame de ?leo ocorrido em janeiro de 2000. Este estudo teve como segundo objetivo a avalia??o preliminar do n?vel de exposi??o a que os organismos aqu?ticos da Ba?a de Guanabara est?o submetidos, atrav?s da quantifica??o de 12 metab?litos individuais de HPA presentes em bile de peixe de quatro esp?cies demersais representativas de tr?s fam?lias diferentes. Os metab?litos analisados foram 1-hidroxinaftaleno, 1-hidroxifenantreno, 9hidroxifenantreno, 2-hidroxinaftaleno, 2-hidroxifenantreno, 1-hidroxipireno, 3hidroxibifenila, 3-hidroxifenantreno, 1-hidroxicriseno, 9-hidroxifluoreno, 4hidroxifenantreno, 3-hidroxibenzo(a)pireno. As concentra??es encontradas nas esp?cies de peixes analisadas mostraram-se elevadas, na faixa de 13 a 177 ?g g1, por?m similares ?s encontradas em algumas regi?es de grande influ?ncia antropog?nica, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Al?m dos metab?litos estabelecidos pela metodologia utilizada, foi poss?vel quantificar tr?s compostos, ainda n?o reportados na literatura, em concentra??es relevantes. Estes metab?litos, relacionados a contribui??o pirol?tica de HPA aos organismos aqu?ticos da Ba?a de Guanabara, s?o is?meros de 1-hidroxipireno e de 3-hidroxibenzo(a)pireno

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ItaloMSR_DISSERT.pdf: 4133389 bytes, checksum: 575496a3d8aa350df8e3e86992d9b27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The vascular segmentation is important in diagnosing vascular diseases like stroke and is hampered by noise in the image and very thin vessels that can pass unnoticed. One way to accomplish the segmentation is extracting the centerline of the vessel with height ridges, which uses the intensity as features for segmentation. This process can take from seconds to minutes, depending on the current technology employed. In order to accelerate the segmentation method proposed by Aylward [Aylward & Bullitt 2002] we have adapted it to run in parallel using CUDA architecture. The performance of the segmentation method running on GPU is compared to both the same method running on CPU and the original Aylward s method running also in CPU. The improvemente of the new method over the original one is twofold: the starting point for the segmentation process is not a single point in the blood vessel but a volume, thereby making it easier for the user to segment a region of interest, and; the overall gain method was 873 times faster running on GPU and 150 times more fast running on the CPU than the original CPU in Aylward / A segmenta??o vascular ? importante no diagn?stico de doen?as como o acidente vascular cerebral e ? dificultada por ru?dos na imagem e vasos muito finos que n?o s?o vistos. Uma maneira de realizar a segmenta??o ? extraindo a centerline do vaso com height ridges, que usa a intensidade como caracter?sticas para a segmenta??o. Este processo pode levar de segundos a minutos, dependendo da tecnologia atual empregada. O m?todo ? implementado em GPU, ou seja, ? executado de maneira paralela em placa gr?fica. O desempenho do m?todo de segmenta??o executado em GPU ? comparado com o mesmo m?todo em CPU e o m?todo original de Aylward em execu??o tamb?m na CPU. O melhoramento do novo m?todo sobre o original ? dupla. O ponto de partida para o processo de segmenta??o n?o ? um ?nico ponto no vaso sangu?neo, mas um volume, tornando assim mais f?cil para o usu?rio a sele??o de uma regi?o de interesse, e, o ganho do m?todo proposto foi 873 vezes mais r?pido sendo executado em GPU e 150 vezes mais r?pido sendo executado em CPU do que o original de Aylward em CPU

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JesseHNB_DISSERT.pdf: 2206144 bytes, checksum: 191ca3ce00f97e4019b5bdb2bc9ab914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The vision is one of the five senses of the human body and, in children is responsible for up to 80% of the perception of world around. Studies show that 50% of children with multiple disabilities have some visual impairment, and 4% of all children are diagnosed with strabismus. The strabismus is an eye disability associated with handling capacity of the eye, defined as any deviation from perfect ocular alignment. Besides of aesthetic aspect, the child may report blurred or double vision . Ophthalmological cases not diagnosed correctly are reasons for many school abandonments. The Ministry of Education of Brazil points to the visually impaired as a challenge to the educators of children, particularly in literacy process. The traditional eye examination for diagnosis of strabismus can be accomplished by inducing the eye movements through the doctor s instructions to the patient. This procedure can be played through the computer aided analysis of images captured on video. This paper presents a proposal for distributed system to assist health professionals in remote diagnosis of visual impairment associated with motor abilities of the eye, such as strabismus. It is hoped through this proposal to contribute improving the rates of school learning for children, allowing better diagnosis and, consequently, the student accompaniment / A vis?o ? um dos cinco sentidos do corpo humano e, em crian?as, ? respons?vel por at? 80% da percep??o do mundo ao redor. Estudos revelam que 50% das crian?as com m?ltiplas defici?ncias possuem alguma defici?ncia visual, sendo que 4% de todas as crian?as s?o diagnosticadas com estrabismo. O estrabismo ? uma defici?ncia ocular associada ? capacidade de movimenta??o dos olhos, caracterizada por qualquer desvio no alinhamento ocular perfeito. Al?m do aspecto est?tico, a crian?a pode relatar vista emba?ada ou dupla . Problemas oftalmol?gicos n?o diagnosticados corretamente s?o motivos de muitos abandonos da escola. O Minist?rio da Educa??o do Brasil aponta as defici?ncias visuais como um grande desafio aos educadores de crian?as, principalmente no processo de alfabetiza??o. O exame oftalmol?gico tradicional para diagn?stico do estrabismo pode ser realizado induzindo os movimentos oculares atrav?s de instru??es do m?dico ao paciente. Esse procedimento pode ser reproduzido com aux?lio computacional atrav?s da an?lise de imagens capturadas em v?deo. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistema de teleoftalmologia para auxiliar profissionais da sa?de no diagn?stico a dist?ncia de defici?ncias visuais associadas ? capacidade motora dos olhos, como o estrabismo. Espera-se atrav?s deste trabalho contribuir diretamente para a melhoria dos ?ndices do aprendizado escolar infantil, permitindo melhores condi??es de diagn?stico e, consequentemente, acompanhamento do aluno