An ecological baseline study of the diatom flora was conducted on the headwaters of Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. The diatom flora of this spring fed drainage basin consisted of both phytoplankton and periphyton. Thirty-nine genera, two hundred forty-four species, eighty-two additional varieties, and seven additional forms were identified from these waters. Species of Melosira, Stephanodiscus, Fragilaria, Synedra, and Asterionella were found in the plankton of Henrys Lake and Island Park Reservoir. Diatoma, Fragilaria, Synedra, Eunotia, Achnanthes, Navicula, Pinnularia, Gomphonema, Cymbella, Nitzschia, and Surirella were the important genera present in the periphyton.

No description available.

No description available.

Sediment records of two Italian subalpine lakes (Lake Garda and Lake Ledro) were analyzed in order to reconstruct their ecological evolution over the past several hundred years. A multi-proxy and multi-site approach was applied in order to disentangle the effects of local anthropogenic forcings, such as nutrients, and climate impacts on the two lakes and their catchments. Biological indicators (sub-fossil pigments, diatoms and Cladocera) were used to reconstruct changes in the aquatic food web and to define the lake reference conditions, while geochemical methods, i.e. wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF), were used to provide quantitative information on the different physical or chemical processes affecting both lake and catchment systems. Sub-fossil pigments and diatoms, together with their respective inferred TP values, suggested very stable oligotrophic conditions in both lakes until the 1960s. The period following was affected by nutrient enrichment, which led to a drastic shift in the phytoplanktonic community. The response of sub-fossil pigments and diatoms to major climatic anomalies such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) were not pronounced, and the taxonomic composition remained relatively stable. On the contrary, these proxies showed an indirect response to climate variability since the beginning of the nutrient enrichment phase in the 1960s. In Lake Garda, the winter temperature regulates the water column mixing, which in its turn controls the degree of nutrient fertilization of the entire water column, and the related phytoplankton growth. In Lake Ledro a rapid reorganization of planktonic diatoms was observed only during the temperature recovery after the LIA, while recent temperature effects are masked by the prevailing nutrient effects. In Lake Garda, Cladocera remains responded in quantitative and qualitative terms to climatic changes, whereas in Lake Ledro they appeared to be mainly affected by variations in hydrological regimes, i.e. flood events. Cladocera remains corroborated the nutrient enrichment after the 1960s in both lakes as inferred by diatoms and pigments. In Lake Garda, the geochemical data showed a pronounced shift in elemental composition since the mid-1900s, when major elements and lithogenic tracers started to decrease, while some elements related to redox conditions and other (contaminant) trace elements increased. The general trends since the mid-1900s agree with the biological records. However, some differences recorded in the two different basins of Lake Garda reflected the effects of local conditions, both related to hydrology and sedimentation patterns. Lake Ledro showed higher short-term variability for most elements, even though some features were comparable to Lake Garda. The geochemical record of Lake Ledro revealed a major influence of human-induced lake-level fluctuations and catchment properties. This paleolimnological study allows us to place temporally restricted limnological surveys into a longer-term secular perspective, which is highly valuable for the definition of lake reference conditions. Because the restoration targets are usually based on the lake reference conditions, this study highlighted also the necessity to pay particular attention to the lake-specific sensitivity patterns. The multi-proxy and multi-site approach showed that the lake conditions of large and deep lakes in northern Italy, such as Lake Garda, are mainly driven by nutrient enrichment and/or climate change. In contrast, smaller lakes with larger catchment areas, such as Lake Ledro, are seemingly more impacted by conditions and processes occurring in the drainage basin.

In this study the relationships among the land use and soil types in the entire river basin as well as in the buffer strip on the one hand, and the Lithuanian river water quality physico-chemical parameters on the other hand have been identified. The spatially based Factor analysis has been tested on river hydrochemical data from 108 sites for the period of 1999-2004. The Factor analysis enabled the identification of the main natural and anthropogenic processes (factors) determining water quality during each season of a year. As a result, monitoring stations were grouped into clusters each representing a group of stations mostly affected by a relevant factor. In addition, the suitability of world-wide used diatom-based water status assessment methods to apply under Lithuanian conditions has been assessed. The results of established water quality determining factors and the tested multivariate statistical procedures can be applied in practice when the reasons for water quality impairments are to be investigated or river monitoring network is to be optimized. The results reveal that Wastewater factor is prominent in small rivers downstream larger towns; Agro-geological factor – in northern Lithuania‘s rivers of heavy carbonated soils and intensive agriculture lands as well as in south-eastern Lithuania‘s rivers of more acidic soils; Hardly degradable organics factor – in northern and middle Lithuania‘s rivers of heavy-textured and fertile agricultural soils. The... [to full text] / Pastaruoju metu tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir visoje Europos Sąjungoje labai aktualu tinkamai įvertinti vandens telkinių būklę (ypač pagal biologinius kokybės elementus), nustatyti vandens telkinių būklės problemas, jas lemiančius veiksnius bei imtis adekvačių būklės gerinimo priemonių, nes to reikalauja 2000 m. įsigaliojusi ES Bendroji vandens politikos direktyva – pagrindinis vandens sritį reguliuojantis teisinis dokumentas. Šio darbo tikslas - nustatyti žemėnaudos, dirvožemių ir upių vandens fizikinių, cheminių ir biologinių parametrų sąveikos dėsningumus vertinant vandens būklę. Įgyvendinant šį tikslą buvo siekiama sistemiškai įvertinti įvairių veiksnių poveikį Lietuvos upių vandens būklei ir nustatyti jų teritorinius dėsningumus bei įvertinti upių vandens būklės pagal titnagdumblius vertinimo metodų tinkamumą Lietuvos sąlygomis. Šiam tikslui pasiekti naudoti Lietuvos upių valstybinio monitoringo, dirvožemio ir žemės dangos duomenys pasitelkiant faktorinę analizę bei atitinkamus vienmatės statistikos metodus. Rezultatai parodė, kad upių būklę lemiančias priežastis galima patikimai pažinti, kartu vertinant hidrocheminius ir baseinų fizinių charakteristikų, dirvožemių ir žemėnaudos duomenis, jų kompleksiškai tarpusavio ryšių analizei pasitelkus tinkamus daugiamatės ir vienmatės statistikos metodus. Tokia analizė leidžia pažinti ne tik atskirus vandens ekosistemos komponentus, bet ir jų visumą kaip vieną sąveikaujančią sistemą ir priimti kokybiškesnius vandens kokybės valdymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are one of the most diverse algal groups in the Antarctic Region and play a dominant role in almost all freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this overall occurrence, little is known about the diversity, ecology and biogeography of this group in the Maritime Antarctic Region. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to define the taxonomical, ecological and biogeographical characterisation of aquatic, semi- aquatic and moss-inhabiting diatom communities from two islands in the Maritime Antarctic Region: James Ross Island and Livingston Island, located on opposite sides of the Antarctic Peninsula. In this study, a total of 250 samples from three different habitat types (lakes, streams & seepage areas and mosses) from Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island) and Ulu Peninsula (James Ross Island) have been analysed. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, a rather diverse diatom flora composed of 178 taxa, belonging to 43 genera has been identified. Although even until recently, it was generally accepted that the Antarctic diatom flora was mostly composed of cosmopolitan taxa, several new species could be described as a new for science during this PhD study (a reflection of this work is presented in chapters 2 & 3 and in Appendices). Habitat type and...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_f_dr_rcla.pdf: 6170096 bytes, checksum: db29647f05c1bc94d1b8af1f02960e61 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura das comunidades perifítica e fitoplanctônica (com ênfase nas diatomáceas), e verificar a influência da escala temporal e espacial sobre a variabilidade dessas comunidades, identificando o principal fator controlador dessa variabilidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois reservatórios com diferentes estados tróficos no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, Município de São Paulo. Amostragens mensais do perifíton desenvolvido em lâmina de vidro e do fitoplâncton da coluna d’água foram feitas durante 12 meses consecutivos (setembro/2006-agosto/2007) nas regiões pelágica e litorânea do Lago do IAG (oligotrófico) e na região pelágica e em duas entradas no Lago das Garças (hipertrófico). Foram analisadas: transparência da água, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, alcalinidade total, formas de carbono inorgânico, formas totais e dissolvidas de nitrogênio e fósforo e ortossilicato (variáveis abióticas); e clorofila-a fitoplanctônica e perifítica, conteúdos de nitrogênio e fósforo, massas seca e orgânica do perifíton (variáveis bióticas). Os dados foram avaliados mediante estatística descritiva e análises exploratórias multivariadas. A variabilidade temporal foi preponderante sobre a espacial em cada sistema, sendo a última resultante das condições limnológicas mais uniformes entre as regiões. No sistema oligotrófico, a comunidade perifítica foi influenciada por ambos os recursos nutrientes e luz enquanto no sistema hipertrófico, a disponibilidade de luz, fortemente influenciada pela floração de cianobactérias planctônicas, foi o principal fator regulador do acréscimo de biomassa. A composição química e as razões N:P do perifíton representaram a limitação nutricional apenas no sistema oligotrófico, indicando que o potencial desta comunidade como indicadora... / Present thesis aimed at evaluating periphytic and phytoplanktonic community structure (with emphasis on the diatoms) to verify the temporal and spatial scales influence on these communities variability and to identify their main controlling factor. Research was carried out at two reservoirs with distinct trophic states located in the “Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga”, Municipality of “São Paulo”. Monthly samplings of periphyton growing on glass microscope slides and of phytoplankton from the water column were performed during 12 consecutive months (September/2006-August/2007) at the pelagic and littoral regions of IAG Pond (oligotrophic) and the pelagic and 2 inflows of Garças Pond (hypertrophic). Abiotic characteristics studied were: water transparency, turbity, temperature, pH, eletric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alcalinity, inorganic carbon, total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus forms and orthosilicate; and biological variables studied were: phytoplankton and periphyton chlorophyl a, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and periphyton dry and organic masses. Data assembled were evatuated by using descriptive statistcs and multivariate analyses. Temporal variability prevailed over the spatial one in both systems, as a result of the more uniform limnological conditions among all regions studied. In the oligotrophic system, periphytic community was influenced by the nutrient’s resources and light, whereas in the hypertrophic ond, light availability (strongly affected by the planktonic cyanobacterial bloom) was the main regulating factor, responsible for the biomass increase. Chemical composition and periphyton N:P ratio acted as nutrient limiting factor only at the oligotrophic system, thus indicating tha the last community nutrient availability indication potential was more significant in the latter system. Community structure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Ce travail de thèse a permis de reconstituer la dynamique à long terme de deux écosystèmes lacustres alpins dans les Alpes du sud grâce à l’étude (1) de la variabilité tardi-holocène des paramètres physico-chimiques de l’eau, des niveaux lacustres et des dynamiques de communautés aquatiques, et (2) des types de réponse de ces environnements à des perturbations externes en lien avec les changements du bassin versant et du climat. Les deux séquences sédimentaires prélevées par carottage au lac d’Allos et au lac Petit (Massif du Mercantour, 2200 m) ont permis de reconstituer en détail l’évolution des écosystèmes lacustres depuis les derniers 13,500 cal. BP grâce à trois grands volets : (1) l’étude de fossiles d’espèces aquatiques indicatrices des conditions de vie dans le milieu lacustre (les diatomées et les ostracodes) ; (2) l’analyse des isotopes de l’oxygène contenus dans ces mêmes fossiles afin de reconstituer un signal paléohydrologique ; (3) une comparaison multi-proxy permettant de mettre en lien les changements de l’écosystème lacustre avec les dynamiques du bassin versant. Les résultats obtenus et leur confrontation à un cadre multidisciplinaire très documenté ont permis d’évaluer l’importance première des processus érosifs et des modifications du couvert végétal sur la dynamique lacustre, au travers de changements majeurs dans les communautés aquatiques et les niveaux trophiques. Enfin, les données isotopiques mesurées sur les fossiles de diatomées et d’ostracodes ont mis en évidence des variations paléohydrologiques inédites pour la région : cette approche, novatrice ouvre la perspective d’une reconstitution paléoclimatique de référence pour les Alpes du sud. / The thesis is devoted to the reconstruction of long-term changes in two lacustrine ecosystems in the Southern Alps. This study aims at assessing (1) the lateglacial-holocene variability of water physico-chemistry, lake levels and aquatic species dynamics; and (2) the environmental responses of the lacustrine ecosystem to external forcing (watershed and climate changes), with the study of Lake Allos and the Lake Petit (Mercantour National Park, 2200 m a.s.l). The two sedimentary cored profiles provided a detailed record of the past lacustrine dynamics since 13.500 cal. BP. An integrative approach was carried out including (1) the study of fossils of aquatic bioindicators species (diatoms and ostracods) informing about changes in lacustrine living conditions ; (2) the analysis of oxygen isotopes recorded by these aquatic fossils tracing a palaeohydrological signal ; (3) a multiproxy comparison linking the aquatic environment with changes in watershed dynamics. These results integrated into a rich multidisciplinary framework evidenced the major role of erosion processes and changes in vegetation cover as factors triggering lake responses to disturbance, with concomitant changes in aquatic communities and trophic levels at several timescales. The different geological settings and lake morphologies have also played a significant role, modulating changes in benthic and planktonic aquatic communities over long time periods. Finally, oxygen isotopes records allow to trace for the first time palaeohydrological changes in the region: this innovative approach represents an original outcome for reconstructing a reference past climate for the Southern Alps.

Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d’approfondir les connaissances sur les capacités d’adaptation des diatomées à différentes concentrations de CO2 et plus précisément sur l’implication des CCM dans l’assimilation du carbone minéral dissous. Des études sur la physiologie, les enzymes de différentes voies métaboliques et des analyses de transcriptomique et de protéomique ont été réalisées. Nous avons observé que les espèces de diatomées étudiées étaient capables de réguler leurs systèmes de concentration du carbone minéral suivant les conditions environnementales. Certaines semblent utiliser préférentiellement le CO2 ou le bicarbonate tandis que d’autres espèces utilisent les deux. L’activité des anhydrases carbonique est fortement induite en faible concentration de CO2. Nos travaux montrent cependant, que l’activité de cette enzyme est variable d’une espèce à l’autre. Nous avons aussi observé que dans la majorité des diatomées que nous avons étudiées, la photosynthèse de type C3 et non de type C4 est présente, apportant ainsi un éclairage à une véritable controverse sur le métabolisme du carbone chez les diatomées. Nos travaux soulignent de plus, une grande diversité de stratégies de CCM chez les diatomées. Chez T. pseudonana, une nouvelle protéine, LCIP63, a été observée en conditions de faible concentration de CO2. Son rôle physiologique est actuellement inconnu ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives de recherche. / The objectives of this work were to improve the knowledge on ability of diatoms to scope with different CO2 concentrations and to study their carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM). Studies of their physiology, their metabolic enzymes, and analyses at transcriptomic and proteomic levels were performed. In all studied diatoms, the CCMs can be regulated according to CO2 availability in the environment. Some diatoms seem to use preferentially CO2, others, bicarbonate and some can use both. The carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is strongly induced when cells were grown at low vs high CO2. However, our work shows that CA activity is highly variable among the different diatoms. Most of the studied diatoms perform a C3 photosynthesis and not C4 photosynthesis. In diatoms, there is a huge diversity in the CCM strategy. A new protein, LCIP63, was observed when T. pseudonana was grown under low CO2. The physiological role of this protein is yet unknown and this finding opens new research perspectives.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo / Banca: Luis Henrique Zanini Branco / Banca: Barbara Medeiros Fonseca / Banca: Sulei Train / Banca: Liliana Rodrigues / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura das comunidades perifítica e fitoplanctônica (com ênfase nas diatomáceas), e verificar a influência da escala temporal e espacial sobre a variabilidade dessas comunidades, identificando o principal fator controlador dessa variabilidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois reservatórios com diferentes estados tróficos no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, Município de São Paulo. Amostragens mensais do perifíton desenvolvido em lâmina de vidro e do fitoplâncton da coluna d'água foram feitas durante 12 meses consecutivos (setembro/2006-agosto/2007) nas regiões pelágica e litorânea do Lago do IAG (oligotrófico) e na região pelágica e em duas entradas no Lago das Garças (hipertrófico). Foram analisadas: transparência da água, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, alcalinidade total, formas de carbono inorgânico, formas totais e dissolvidas de nitrogênio e fósforo e ortossilicato (variáveis abióticas); e clorofila-a fitoplanctônica e perifítica, conteúdos de nitrogênio e fósforo, massas seca e orgânica do perifíton (variáveis bióticas). Os dados foram avaliados mediante estatística descritiva e análises exploratórias multivariadas. A variabilidade temporal foi preponderante sobre a espacial em cada sistema, sendo a última resultante das condições limnológicas mais uniformes entre as regiões. No sistema oligotrófico, a comunidade perifítica foi influenciada por ambos os recursos nutrientes e luz enquanto no sistema hipertrófico, a disponibilidade de luz, fortemente influenciada pela floração de cianobactérias planctônicas, foi o principal fator regulador do acréscimo de biomassa. A composição química e as razões N:P do perifíton representaram a limitação nutricional apenas no sistema oligotrófico, indicando que o potencial desta comunidade como indicadora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Present thesis aimed at evaluating periphytic and phytoplanktonic community structure (with emphasis on the diatoms) to verify the temporal and spatial scales influence on these communities variability and to identify their main controlling factor. Research was carried out at two reservoirs with distinct trophic states located in the "Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga", Municipality of "São Paulo". Monthly samplings of periphyton growing on glass microscope slides and of phytoplankton from the water column were performed during 12 consecutive months (September/2006-August/2007) at the pelagic and littoral regions of IAG Pond (oligotrophic) and the pelagic and 2 inflows of Garças Pond (hypertrophic). Abiotic characteristics studied were: water transparency, turbity, temperature, pH, eletric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alcalinity, inorganic carbon, total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus forms and orthosilicate; and biological variables studied were: phytoplankton and periphyton chlorophyl a, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and periphyton dry and organic masses. Data assembled were evatuated by using descriptive statistcs and multivariate analyses. Temporal variability prevailed over the spatial one in both systems, as a result of the more uniform limnological conditions among all regions studied. In the oligotrophic system, periphytic community was influenced by the nutrient's resources and light, whereas in the hypertrophic ond, light availability (strongly affected by the planktonic cyanobacterial bloom) was the main regulating factor, responsible for the biomass increase. Chemical composition and periphyton N:P ratio acted as nutrient limiting factor only at the oligotrophic system, thus indicating tha the last community nutrient availability indication potential was more significant in the latter system. Community structure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor