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Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-273).

<p>This dissertation argues that the civilian "political class" played an understudied yet decisive role in toppling Brazil's 1964-1985 military dictatorship. In contrast with existing explanations for the regime's fall, which emphasize either the isolated initiative of the generals or the independent resistance of civil society, this dissertation highlights the inadvertent opposition of civilian politicians, connected by familial and social ties to both the military and social movements. Between 1968 and 1985, the relationship between all three shifted significantly, as politicians first resisted the military's challenge to their presumed right to rule on behalf of the masses and later came to defend a role for those masses in ruling the nation. It offers a deeper understanding of the dispositions, worldview, and behavioral codes that united politicians regardless of ideology or party and turned them against the regime that many of them had helped bring to power. </p><p>In contrast to the Southern Cone, where the military sought to abolish political activity, Brazilian officers cast themselves as democracy's saviors. Yet even as they maintained elections, they also imposed authoritarian reforms on politicians. The first four chapters offer the most detailed study to date of this project and politicians' indignant reaction. In 1968, as the regime repressed leftist student activists, politicians, tied to students by blood and social class, took to the streets to defend their children in a nearly forgotten act of defiance. Then, when the military demanded the prosecution of a congressman for insulting them, Congress refused to lift his immunity. In response, the military placed Congress in recess, arrested several politicians, removed many others from office, and decided to turn their reforms into tutelage. Amidst the repression, a few politicians opted for courageous denunciation, but most chose to wait out the storm until the generals believed them sufficiently cowed. Still others adopted the strategy proved most successful - working within the rules to build their careers despite constraints.</p><p>The final three chapters show how the military's project collapsed amidst bolder challenges from politicians, especially in the vitally important state of São Paulo. In 1974, after five years of breathtaking economic growth, the powerless opposition party decisively won legislative elections. This study offers fresh insights into the opposition's success by examinging its novel appeal to working class voters. By 1978, restiveness in São Paulo spread to the military's own allied party, as in São Paulo they nominated a dissident gubernatorial candidate against the generals' wishes. As the regime turned toward political opening, in 1979-1980, opposition politicians took to the streets to protect striking workers from repression, demonstrating a greater acceptance of popular mobilization. Politicians changed under military rule, but rather than collaborating with a demobilizing regime, many allied with an emerging civil society to oppose it.</p><p>This study draws on transcripts and audio recordings of legislative speeches, electoral court records, public opinion surveys, police records, classified Brazilian intelligence reports, newspapers, and correspondence from the foreign embassies. It cites the personal archives of key politicians, as well as oral histories, biographies, and memoirs. The sources enable a dynamic and culturally informed analysis of the "political class" to explain how, through resistance to tutelage and the acceptance of popular participation, civilian politicians helped topple the military regime and lay the groundwork for an unprecedented expansion of citizenship in the following decades.</p> / Dissertation

This dissertation attempts to uncover systematic patterns regarding elite management in dictatorships. To do so, it describes how dictators manage their elites and what factors determine the outcomes of their decision. Although considerable literature has examined the various structural features of dictatorships and has identified different elite management strategies to explain the persistence of dictatorships, few, if any, have empirically tested any of the theoretical propositions generated by this increasingly large body of literature. This dissertation is the first empirical attempt to explore the elite management strategies of various dictatorships, ranging from the individual case of the most extreme dictatorship (North Korea) as well as different kinds of military dictatorships (South Korea), and global patterns of autocratic regimes. To address the main research question, "what determines the choice of the dictator's elite management strategies?" this dissertation identifies three key factors - dictator, elites, and structure. The relationship between dictators and elites is basically hostile. Conflicts between actors over power acquisition often emerge in violent ways. Nevertheless, dictators do not always treat elites with repression. They sometimes make efforts to embrace and cooperate with the other elites. The variation of their strategies toward elites is determined by various conditions. The results of this dissertation indicate that three factors of dictators, elites, and the environments surrounding them significantly affect the elite management strategies under dictatorships. The main theoretical arguments of this dissertation are supported by the evidence in the three empirical chapters of this dissertation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-223). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-223). Also available on the Internet.

As a living manifestation following the stream of history, literature has included, mainly after the sixties, attempts of recognition of social groups neglected so far. Constituted by the geographic, ethnic, and social (negroes, homossexuals, women ) periphery, this large human mass used literature as a stage for narrating their histories. In that disruptive context, novels were used to disclose the dissonant and disturbed reality of the XX century. Tropical sol da liberdade is the novel by Ana Maria Machado that aligns itself to that praxis of inquiring and unveiling historical truths . It shows us, from the female, deportee, and ex-centric point of view, facts from the 1964 Brazilian military dictatorship. Based on studies by the Canadian researcher Linda Hutcheon we intend to figure the place and the strength of those peripheral characters in the narrative developed by Machado. Aware that reality is continuously defying its representation, we have investigated into the vast universe embracing voluntary and involuntary departures, in the search for a literary representation of exile with emphasis on otherness issues. Given the theme's complexity, some background from psychology, sociology, cultural studies, was used for helping us to understand how Ana Maria Machado, as an excluded Latin American woman, has turned her experience into a discursive practice. While encompassing elements of a chaotic context, the analyzed novel does not evolve as a linear timeline following protagonist's consciousness time. It evolves otherwise, as time perception from a woman, tormented at same time, by the need to narrate things she saw and lived, and being bounded by the impossibility of doing that. Written in a delicate and exciting way, Tropical sol da liberdade doesn‟t speak about prison or torture. The novel narrates simple people's everyday life with their anguish and traumas. Through a metafictional narrative the traditional distance writer- reader is dissolved while we are kindly invited to participate in the creative act. That corroborates Umberto Eco's concept that a literary piece only completes with the participation of readers, in the same sense that victims of oppressive regimes reporting facts would only have therapeutic effect, as stated by Freud, when there is a concerned listener. From that starting point, we also investigate the importance of direct or indirect witnesses in reconstructing lives interrupted by dictatorships. What we've done through this study, can be considered a short walk through fictional woods, literary theories and spaces where the inexhaustible plurality resides. We have tried randomly to set an order by choosing thoughts, but never sticking on the illusory intention of exhausting reasons that incite us to keep investigating. / Como espaço privilegiado que acompanha o homem em sua trajetória existencial, a literatura incorporou, especialmente a partir da década de 60, as tentativas de reconhecimento de segmentos da sociedade até então negligenciados. Composta pela periferia étnica, geográfica e social (negros, homossexuais, mulheres...), essa grande massa fez da literatura palco para contar suas histórias. Reiterada a constatação de que os mais inspiradores sonhos sociais e políticos não passavam de sonhos, foram os romances que, inseridos num contexto de rupturas, revelaram a conturbada realidade do século XX. Tropical sol da liberdade, narrativa ficcional de Ana Maria Machado que se alinha a essa prática de desnudamento e questionamentos sobre as verdades históricas , nos revela visões diferenciadas dos fatos da ditadura militar de 64: das mulheres, dos exilados, dos ex-cêntricos . Com base nos estudos da pesquisadora canadense Linda Hutcheon, intentamos compreender o lugar e a força dessas personagens periféricas na narrativa elaborada por Machado. Cientes de que o real é algo que desafia a representação, investigamos, dentro de um vasto universo que opera entre deslocamentos voluntários e involuntários, a representação literária do exílio, com ênfase nas questões de alteridade daí advindas. Por sua complexidade, tal empreendimento exigiu que levássemos em conta conceitos provenientes de áreas como a psicologia, a sociologia, os estudos culturais, com o intuito de compreendermos como Ana Maria Machado, enquanto latino-americana degredada, fez de sua experiência uma prática discursiva. Refletindo as particularidades de um contexto caótico, o romance que nos propusemos estudar não obedece à ordem do relógio, mas à consciência da protagonista, uma mulher atormentada que se encontra numa encruzilhada: a necessidade de narrar o que viu e viveu, atrelada à impossibilidade de fazê-lo. Escrito de maneira delicada e emocionante, Tropical sol da liberdade não fala das torturas, das prisões, mas narra a vida miúda das pessoas simples, suas angústias, seus traumas. Desestabiliza a distância mantida, durante séculos, entre escritor e leitor. Através de uma narrativa metaficcional que desvenda o processo da criação literária, somos gentilmente convidados a participar do ato criativo, ratificando a ideia defendida por Eco de que a obra só se completa com a interferência do leitor. Da mesma forma, os relatos das vítimas dos regimes opressores só têm valor terapêutico, como afirma Freud, se houver um receptor interessado. Partimos dessa concepção para investigarmos a importância das testemunhas, diretas ou indiretas, na reconstrução das vidas interrompidas pelas ditaduras. O que fizemos neste trabalho foi uma breve incursão pelos bosques da ficção e das teorias literárias, lugares onde a pluralidade inesgotável habita. Tentamos, arbitrariamente, ordenar, optar, mas jamais com a ilusória intenção de esgotar os porquês que nos motivarão, sempre, a continuar investigando.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T11:36:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBV.pdf: 2072517 bytes, checksum: e1b69912481ee87bfb3def8ad46b9b7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T11:36:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBV.pdf: 2072517 bytes, checksum: e1b69912481ee87bfb3def8ad46b9b7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T11:36:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBV.pdf: 2072517 bytes, checksum: e1b69912481ee87bfb3def8ad46b9b7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T11:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBV.pdf: 2072517 bytes, checksum: e1b69912481ee87bfb3def8ad46b9b7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research had as general objective to enable a mapping of texts on education in the period of civil-military dictatorship, published in SCIELO database in the period between 1985 and 2016, publication dates of the first and last text located. The methodological procedures were performed by bibliometric approach, focused on documentary research, with a descriptive and exploratory character. Based on professional literature, the data were analyzed and presented in order to facilitate the identification of the following: geographic and institutional distribution of localized journals; recurrent authors; institutional origin of the authors and their participation in research groups; themes addressed in the texts; and which aspects were addressed in the texts that are included in the thematic axis "educational policy". It is understood that the results of the search will enable contributions to the History of Education, because besides the historical review and mapping of knowledge that is being produced on an extremely relevant theme to the educational field, it allows the dialogue with the current educational conditions, such as wage squeeze, poor structure of teacher training courses, close link between education and the labor market, fundaments of school management, valuation of private initiatives, etc. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral possibilitar um mapeamento dos textos sobre educação no período da ditadura civil-militar, publicados na base de dados SCIELO, no período que abrange de 1985 a 2016, datas de publicação do primeiro e do último texto localizado. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram realizados mediante abordagem bibliométrica, centrada em pesquisa documental, com caráter descritivo e exploratório. Com apoio de bibliografia especializada, os dados obtidos foram analisados e apresentados com o objetivo de possibilitar a identificação dos seguintes aspectos: distribuição geográfica e institucional dos periódicos localizados; autores recorrentes; origem institucional dos autores e suas respectivas participações em grupos de pesquisa; temáticas abordadas nos textos; e quais aspectos foram abordados nos textos que compõe o eixo temático “política educacional”. Compreende-se que os resultados da pesquisa possibilitarão contribuições à História da Educação, pois além do resgate histórico e do mapeamento do conhecimento que vem sendo produzido a respeito de uma temática extremamente relevante ao campo educacional, permite a interlocução com as atuais condições educacionais, tais como: arrocho salarial, má estruturação de cursos de formação docente, estreita vinculação entre educação e mercado de trabalho, fundamentos da gestão escolar, valorização de iniciativas privadas, etc.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to examine the relationship between the State and railroad workers of Santa Maria during the first period of the Civil-Military Dictatorship in Brazil between 1964 and 1968. Given this, we seek to establish the main line of work as the idea that in this period due to the violent repression that followed mainly against the most active class-leaders, the pragmatism that characterized the political praxis of the railways during the so-called populist state (1945 -1964) came to an end. Likewise, the role of representative organizations scattered in associations, unions, etc. lost his sense of being due to policy interventions suffered at the summit which led to a depoliticization of workers and take a role especially bureaucratic in relation to conflicts at work. Thus, the railways have been jettisoned not only their influence on the other professional categories in the city, as well as the various spheres of power which had representatives. The issue of torture against political prisoners in Santa Maria was another important issue that has examined and direct connection with the practice intervention and demobilization class carried out by the authoritarian regime that was imposed in the country from 1964. / O presente estudo visa examinar as relações entre o Estado e os trabalhadores ferroviários de Santa Maria durante o primeiro período da Ditadura Civil-Militar brasileira, entre 1964 e 1968. Diante disto, procuramos estabelecer como linha principal do trabalho a ideia de que neste período devido à violenta repressão que se seguiu principalmente contra os líderes classistas mais atuantes, o pragmatismo que caracterizou a práxis política dos ferroviários durante o período do assim chamado Estado populista (1945-1964) chegou ao fim. Da mesma forma, a atuação dos organismos representativos dispersos em associações, uniões, etc., perdeu seu sentido de ser devido às intervenções sofridas na cúpula diretiva o que levou a uma despolitização do meio classista e a assumirem uma feição notadamente burocrática em relação aos conflitos do trabalho. Sendo assim, os ferroviários foram alijados não apenas de sua influência sobre as demais categorias profissionais da cidade, como também das várias esferas de poder onde possuíam representantes. A questão da tortura contra os presos políticos em Santa Maria foi outra questão importante examinada e que possui ligação direta com a prática de intervenção e desmobilização classista levada a efeito pelo regime autoritário que se impôs no país a partir de 1964.

Orientador: Áureo Busetto / Banca: José Adriano Fenerick / Banca: Ricardo Gião Bortolotti / Resumo: Essa dissertação tem por objetivo central analisar historicamente as interseções entre as indústrias fonográfica e televisiva, bem como, as possibilidades de abertura e manutenção de espaços na TV para a música mais alternativa as lógicas do mercado, tendo como eixo-central as relações sociais que tornaram possível a criação do programa musical televisivo A Fábrica do Som. Esta pesquisa buscou comprovar a hipótese de que A Fábrica do Som foi uma experiência televisiva contracultural e experimental que contribuiu para a difusão da música fora do mainstream, que só foi possível, devido ao contexto político cultural da época, bem como, por ter sido um projeto realizado entre duas instituições culturais sem interferências do mercado: a TV Cultura e o SESC. Contracultural, no sentido em deu espaço na TV Cultura às manifestações contra culturais, sejam elas através dos músicos, do público nas gravações ou mesmo da produção por levarem o produto ao ar, bem como se posicionarem, em diversas vezes, através de seu apresentador Tadeu Jungle, de maneira crítica frente à cultura dominante e aos valores de mercado nas artes e mídia predominantes do período. Experimental, na medida em que o musical iria romper com os valores de ordem estética na televisão propondo uma linguagem altamente criativa. O contexto político contribuiu ao musical uma vez que o processo de abertura trouxe esperanças democráticas às manifestações artísticas e midiáticas, e no âmbito cultural, conseguiu captar parte... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyze historically the intersections between the phonographic and television industries, as well as the possibilities of opening and maintaining spaces in the TV for music more alternative to the logics of the market, having as central axis the social relations that have made possible to create the television program A Fábrica do Som. This research sought to prove the hypothesis that A Fábrica do Som was a countercultural and experimental television experience that contributed to the diffusion of music outside the mainstream, which was only possible due to the context cultural politics of the time, as well as being a project carried out between two cultural institutions without market interference: TV Cultura and SESC. Contracultural, in the sense in gave space in the TV Cultura to the manifestations against cultural, be they through the musicians, the public in the recordings or even of the production for taking the product to the air, as well as position themselves, in several times, through its presenter Tadeu Jungle, critically in the face of the dominant culture and market values in the prevailing arts and media of the period. Experimental, insofar as the musical would break with the values of aesthetic order on television proposing a highly creative language. The political context contributed to the musical since the process of openness brought democratic hopes to the artistic and mediatic manifestations, and in the cultural scope... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre