Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UbiratanCS_DISSERT.pdf: 1357824 bytes, checksum: e0ace7e99bc41319fee88dcf06b366e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-23 / The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the Low Energy Electron Diffaction (LEED) technique in the Laboratory of Magnetic Nanostructures and Semiconductors of the Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil. During this work experimental apparatus were implemented for a complete LEED set-up. A new vacuum system was also set up. This was composed of a mechanical pump, turbomolecular pump and ionic pump for ultra-high vacuum and their respective pressure measurement sensors (Pirani gauge for low vacuum measures and the wide range gauge -WRG); ion cannon maintenance, which is basically mini-sputtering, whose function is sample cleaning; and set-up, maintenance and handling of the quadrupole mass spectrometer, whose main purpose is to investigate gas contamination inside the ultra-high vacuum chamber. It should be pointed out that the main contribution of this Master's thesis was the set-up of the sample heating system; that is, a new sample holder. In addition to the function of sample holder and heater, it was necessary to implement the function of sustaining the ultra-high vacuum environment. This set of actions is essential for the complete functioning of the LEED technique / O objetivo deste trabalho ? descrever a implementa??o da t?cnica de Difra??o de el?trons de Baixa Energia (Low Energy Electron Diffaction - LEED) no Laborat?rio de Nanoestruturas Magn?ticas e Semicondutoras do Departamento de F?sica Te?rica e Experimental da UFRN. Ao longo deste trabalho, foram realizadas implementa??es de aparatos experimentais para a completa montagem do LEED. Um novo sistema de v?cuo foi montado, este ? composto pela bomba mec?nica, bomba turbomolecular e bomba i?nica para ultra alto v?cuo e seus respectivos sensores de medidas de press?o (medidor Pirani, para medidas de baixo v?cuo e o medidor de alcance amplo WRG); manuten??o do canh?o de ions, que ? basicamente um mini-sputtering, com fun??o de limpeza das amostras; montagem, manuten??o e manuseio do espectr?metro de massa por quadrupolo, cuja finalidade principal ? investigar a contamina??o gasosa no interior da c?mara de ultra alto v?cuo. Destaque-se, que a principal contribui??o deste trabalho foi a montagem do sistema de aquecimento da amostra, ou seja, um novo porta-amostra. Neste al?m da fun??o de porta-amostra e aquecedor, foi necess?rio implementar a fun??o de sustenta??o no ambiente de ultra-alto v?cuo. Esse conjunto de a??es ? fundamental para o funcionamento completo da t?cnica LEED

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioNF_DISSERT.pdf: 3720151 bytes, checksum: 9b23d51efb071c929717b8ea4387b379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Physical-chemical properties of Ti are sensible to the presence of interstitial elements. In the case of thermochemical treatments plasma assisted, the influence of different active species is not still understood. In order to contribute for such knowledge, this work purposes a study of the role played by the active species atmosphere into the Ar N2 CH4 carbonitriding plasma. It was carried out a plasma diagnostic by OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) in the z Ar y N2 x CH4 plasma mixture, in which z, y and x indexes represent gas flow variable from 0 to 4 sccm (cm3/min). The diagnostic presents abrupt variations of emission intensities associated to the species in determined conditions. Therefore, they were selected in order to carry out the chemical treatment and then to investigate their influences. Commercial pure Ti disks were submitted to plasma carbonitriding process using pre-established conditions from the OES measurements while some parameters such as pressure and temperature were maintained constant. The concentration profiles of interstitial elements (C and N atoms) were determined by Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) resulting in a depth profile plots. The reactions used were 15N(ρ,αγ)12C and 12C(α,α)12C. GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction) analysis was used in order to identify the presence of phases on the surface. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used in order to qualitatively study the carbon into the TiCxN1 structure. It has been verified which the density species effectively influences more the diffusion of particles into the Ti lattice and characteristics of the layer formed than the gas concentration. High intensity of N2 + (391,4 nm) and CH (387,1 nm) species promotes more diffusion of C and N. It was observed that Hα (656,3 nm) species acts like a catalyzer allowing a deeper diffusion of nitrogen and carbon into the titanium lattice. / As propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do Ti s?o sens?veis ? presen?a de intersticiais. No caso do tratamento termoqu?mico auxiliado por plasma, a influ?ncia das diferentes esp?cies ativas ainda n?o ? bem entendida. A fim de colaborar para tal conhecimento, esse trabalho prop?e um estudo das esp?cies ativas do plasma carbonitretante de N2+Ar+CH4. Foi realizado o diagn?stico por espectroscopia de emiss?o ?ptica (OES) do plasma na mistura xAr+yN2+zCH4, onde x, y e z s?o fluxos vari?veis de 0 a 4 sccm (cm3/min.). Esse diagn?stico apresentou varia??es abruptas de intensidades de emiss?o das esp?cies em determinadas condi??es e estas foram selecionadas para realizar o tratamento termoqu?mico e assim investigar suas influ?ncias. Em seguida, discos de Ti comercialmente puros foram submetidos ao processo de carbonitreta??o por plasma com as condi??es pr?-estabelecidas pelo diagn?stico de plasma enquanto que os par?metros de press?o e temperatura foram mantidos constantes. O perfil de concentra??o dos intersticiais, carbono e nitrog?nio, foi determinado por rea??o nuclear ressonante (NRA) resultando numa curva de perfil em profundidade. As rea??es usadas foram 15N(ρ,αγ)12C e 12C(α,α)12C. Utilizou-se difra??o de raios-X em ?ngulo rasante (GIDRX) para identificar as fases presentes na superf?cie. A espectroscopia micro-Raman foi usada para estudar, de forma qualitativa a estrutura do carbono no TiCxN1-xVerificou-se que a densidade das esp?cies influencia, de maneira mais efetiva que o fluxo de g?s, no processo de difus?o e nas caracter?sticas da camada formada. Alta intensidade das esp?cies N2 + (391,4 nm) e CH (387,1 nm) favorecem a difus?o dos intersticiais C e N. Foi observado que o Hα (656,3 nm) atua como catalisador permitindo a difus?o em maiores profundidades desses intersticiais na estrutura do Ti.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielAL_DISSERT.pdf: 4502082 bytes, checksum: bb1da1d41014731b0af8c1e4537a4030 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-05 / The scale is defined as chemical compounds from inorganic nature, initially soluble in salt solutions, which may precipitate accumulate in columns of production and surface equipment. This work aimd to quantify the crystalline phases of scale through the Rietveld method. The study was conducted in scale derived from columns production wells in development and recipients of pigs. After collecting samples of scale were performed the procedure for separations of inorganic and organic phase and preparation to be analyzed at the X-ray Laboratory. The XRD and XRF techniques were used to monitor whether identifying and quantifying crystalline phases present in the deposits. The SEM technique was used to visualize the morphology of the scales and assess their homogeneity after the milling process. XRD measurements were performed with and without milling and with or without the accessory spinner. For quantify crystalline phases the program DBWStools was used. The procedure for conducting the first refinement was instrumental in setting parameters, then the structural parameters of the phases in the sample and finally the parameters of the function profile used. In the diffraction patterns of samples of scale observed that the best measures were those that passed through the mill and used the accessory spinner. Through the results, it was noted that the quantitative analysis for samples of scale is feasible when need to monitor a particular crystalline phase in a well, pipeline or oil field. Routinely, the quantification of phases by the Rietveld method is hardwork because in many scale was very difficult to identify the crystalline phases present / Incrusta??es s?o precipitados de compostos qu?micos de natureza inorg?nica que podem se acumularem em colunas de produ??o e equipamentos de superf?cie. Este trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar as fases cristalinas de amostras de incrusta??o atrav?s do M?todo Rietveld. O estudo foi realizado em produtos de incrusta??o oriundos de colunas de produ??o de po?os em desenvolvimento e recebedores de pigs. Ap?s a coleta das amostras de incrusta??o, realizou o procedimento de separa??o da fase org?nica da inorg?nica e prepara??o das amostras para an?lise. As t?cnicas de difra??o de raios X e espectrometria por fluoresc?ncia de raios X foram utilizadas para monitorar identificando e quantificando as fases cristalinas presentes nas incrusta??es. A t?cnica de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura foi utilizada para visualizar a morfologia das incrusta??es e avaliar sua homogeneidade ap?s o processo de moagem. Na difra??o de raios X foram realizadas medidas com e sem moagem e com e sem utiliza??o do acess?rio spinner. Para quantifica??o das fases cristalinas utilizou o programa DBWStools 2.25. O procedimento para realiza??o do refinamento consistiu primeiramente em ajustar par?metros instrumentais, em seguida ajustou-se os par?metros estruturais das fases contidas na amostra e por ?ltimo os par?metros da fun??o perfil usada. Nos padr?es de difra??o das amostras de incrusta??o observou-se que os melhores resultados foram os das amostras que passaram pela moagem e que utilizaram o acess?rio spinner. Atrav?s dos resultados obtidos, percebem-se que a an?lise quantitativa para as amostras de incrusta??o ? vi?vel quando se deseja fazer o monitoramento de uma determinada fase cristalina em um po?o, duto ou campo de petr?leo. Rotineiramente, a quantifica??o de fases pelo M?todo Rietveld ? mais trabalhoso visto que em muitas incrusta??es houve grandes dificuldades de identificar as fases cristalinas presentes

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-07-11T22:36:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Tosta Santos - Dissertacao Final.pdf: 20325954 bytes, checksum: bc011c09cd83ca73255a8b092923400a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T22:36:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Tosta Santos - Dissertacao Final.pdf: 20325954 bytes, checksum: bc011c09cd83ca73255a8b092923400a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / This master thesis presents a model of deterministic propagation for waveguides with transmitting antenna above the top of the buildings and the equation for the diffraction at the top of the buildings. From the model developed by Dr. Edgar Silva Jr., adaptations are made to consider buildings of different heights along a waveguide. It is developed especially for this work calculations for diffraction at the top for a more accurate model. All the equipment and software used in the process of collection and preparation of the measured data, the sites used for model validation in the city of Feira de Santana - BA and S?o Paulo - SP, in Brazil, the construction of the 3D model and extraction sites database using Google Earth are described. Comparisons with measured values are show that the developed model can be a useful tool in signal envelope behavior analysis for waveguides with antennas above the top of the buildings. / Este trabalho de mestrado apresenta um modelo de propaga??o determin?stico para guias de ondas com antena transmissora acima do topo dos pr?dios e o equacionamento para as difra??es no topo dos pr?dios. A partir do modelo desenvolvido pelo Dr. Edgar Silva J?nior, s?o realizadas adapta??es para considerar constru??es de diferentes alturas ao longo de um guia de ondas. Sendo desenvolvido especialmente para este trabalho c?lculos para difra??o no topo para maior precis?o do modelo. S?o descritos todos os equipamentos e softwares utilizados no processo de coleta e prepara??o dos dados medidos, os locais utilizados para a valida??o do modelo na cidade de Feira de Santana - BA e S?o Paulo - SP no Brasil, a constru??o do modelo 3D e extra??o da base de dados dos locais utilizando o Google Earth. As compara??es com valores medidos mostram que o modelo desenvolvido pode ser uma ferramenta ?til na an?lise do comportamento do sinal para guias de ondas com antenas acima do topo dos pr?dios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoRS.pdf: 224853 bytes, checksum: a7ecf3c3cba57ff6b3ea1ac7c4fb7f05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-02 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Cementation operation consists in an extremely important work for the phases of perforation and completion of oil wells, causing a great impact on the well productivity. Several problems can occur with the cement during the primary cementation, as well as throughout the productive period. The corrective operations are frequent, but they are expensive and demands production time. Besides the direct cost, prejudices from the interruption of oil and gas production till the implementation of a corrective operation must be also taken into account. The purpose of this work is the development of an alternative cement paste constituted of Portland cement and porcelainized stoneware residue produced by ceramic industry in order to achieve characteristics as low permeability, high tenacity, and high mechanical resistance, capable of supporting various operations as production or oil wells recuperation. Four different concentration measures of hydrated paste were evaluated: a reference paste, and three additional ones with ceramic residue in concentrations of the order of 10%, 20% and 30% in relation to cement dough. High resistance and low permeability were found in high concentration of residues, as well as it was proved the pozolanic reactivity of the residue in relation to Portland cement, which was characterized through x-ray and thermogravimetry assays. It was evident the decrease of calcium hydroxide content, once it was substituted by formation of new hydrated products as it was added ceramic residue / A opera??o de cimenta??o consiste em um trabalho de extrema import?ncia para as fases de perfura??o e completa??o de po?os de petr?leo e tem grande impacto sobre a produtividade do po?o. Muitos problemas podem ocorrer com o cimento, tanto durante a cimenta??o prim?ria do po?o como tamb?m durante seu per?odo produtivo. As opera??es para corre??o destes problemas s?o freq?entes, por?m onerosas e demandam tempo de produ??o. Al?m do custo direto da opera??o corretiva, deve m ser ontabilizados, ainda, preju?zos devidos ? interrup??o da produ??o de ?leo e g?s at? que uma opera??o de corre??o seja realizada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de pastas cimentantes alternativas, constitu?das por cimento Portland e um res?duo de porcelanato produzido pela ind?stria cer?mica, a fim de obter caracter?sticas como baixa permeabilidade, alta tenacidade e alta resist?ncia mec?nica, capazes de suportar as diversas opera??es, tanto de produ??o como de recupera??o de po?os de petr?leo. Foram avaliadas quatro concentra??es diferentes de pastas hidratadas: uma pasta de refer?ncia e tr?s pastas contendo res?duo cer?mico nas concentra??es de 10%, 20% e 30%, em rela??o ? massa do cimento. Foram encontradas, para as maiores concentra??es de res?duo, maior resist?ncia mec?nica e menor permeabilidade, al?m de ser comprovada a reatividade pozol?nica do res?duo com o cimento Portland. Esta foi caracterizada atrav?s dos ensaios de Difra??o de Raios X e Termogravimetria, ficando clara a diminui??o do teor de hidr?xido de c?lcio, substitu?do pela forma??o de novos produtos hidratados ? medida que se adicionava o res?duo cer?mico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Peternela-2.pdf: 13622452 bytes, checksum: 1f9ac13f6b6653f2fc960f59cfecd1e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / This paper proposes a new Propagation Model that considers lateral diffraction in buildings for signal-level point-multipoint predictions. A review of existing theories of diffraction is presented, as well as topics of analysis of electromagnetic signals propagation and propagation models. In the sequence the assumptions of the proposition of the diffraction and propagation model are discussed in order to justify the proposed model. Finally comparative theoretical and experimental results are presented about this new model. / Este trabalho prop?e um novo Modelo de Propaga??o que considera difra??o lateral em edif?cios para predi??es de n?vel de sinal ponto-multiponto. S?o apresentadas as teorias de difra??o existentes, assim como t?picos de an?lise da propaga??o de sinais eletromagn?ticos e modelos de propaga??o. Com as bases te?ricas s?o discutidas as premissas da proposi??o do modelo de difra??o e propaga??o que justificam o modelo proposto neste trabalho. Por fim s?o apresentados resultados te?ricos comparativos e experimentais deste novo modelo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSRP.pdf: 1871145 bytes, checksum: 9d94e1a0030a3d2f8d2aa6aaa2df93bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-17 / The development of wireless telecommunication in the last years has been great. It has been taking academics to conceive new ideas and techniques. Their aims are to increase the capacity and the quality of the system s services. Cells that are smaller every time, frequencies that are every time higher and environments that get more and more complex, all those facts deserve more accurate models the propagation prediction techniques are inserted in this context and results with a merger of error that is compatible with the next generations of communication systems. The objective of this Work is to present results of a propagation measurement campaign, aiming at pointing the characteristics of the mobile systems covering in the city of Natal (state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). A mobile laboratory was set up, using the infra-structure available and frequently used by ANATEL. The measures were taken in three different areas: one characterized by high buildings, high relief, presence of trees and towers of different highs. These areas covered the city s central zone, a suburban / rural zone and a section of coast surrounded by sand dunes. It is important to highlight that the analysis was made taking into consideration the actual reality of cellular systems with covering ranges by reduced cells, with the intent of causing greater re-use of frequencies and greater capacity of telephone traffic. The predominance of telephone traffic by cell in the city of Natal occurs within a range inferior to 3 (three) km from the Radio-Base Station. The frequency band used was 800 MHz, corresponding to the control channels of the respective sites, which adopt the FSK modulation technique. This Dissertation starts by presenting a general vision of the models used for predicting propagation. Then, there is a description of the methodology used in the measuring, which were done using the same channels of control of the cellular system. The results obtained were compared with many existing prediction models, and some adaptations were developed by using regression techniques trying to obtain the most optimized solutions. Furthermore, according to regulations from the old Brazilian Holding Telebr?s, a minimum covering of 90% of a determined previously area, in 90% of the time, must be obeyed when implanting cellular systems. For such value to be reached, considerations and studies involving the specific environment that is being covered are important. The objective of this work is contribute to this aspect / O enorme desenvolvimento das comunica??es sem fio tem levado estudiosos a conceber novas id?ias e t?cnicas visando aumentar a capacidade e melhorar a qualidade de servi?o dos sistemas de comunica??o m?vel. C?lulas cada vez menores, freq??ncias cada vez mais altas e ambientes cada vez mais complexos est?o a merecer modelamentos mais acurados e as t?cnicas de predi??o de propaga??o se inserem neste contexto, estando ainda a merecer resultados com margem de erro compat?vel com as pr?ximas gera??es de sistemas de comunica??o. Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar os resultados de uma campanha de medidas de propaga??o visando caracterizar a cobertura de sistemas m?veis celulares na cidade do Natal, RN. Um laborat?rio m?vel foi montado aproveitando a estrutura dispon?vel e utilizada rotineiramente pela ANATEL. As medi??es foram efetuadas em ?reas com caracter?sticas de edifica??es, relevo, arboriza??o e alturas de torres diversificadas, abrangendo a zona central da cidade, uma zona de caracter?stica suburbana / rural e trecho litor?neo circundado por dunas. ? importante destacar que a an?lise foi feita considerando a realidade atual dos sistemas celulares com raios de cobertura por c?lula reduzidos visando proporcionar maior reuso de freq??ncias e maior capacidade de tr?fego telef?nico. A predomin?ncia do tr?fego telef?nico por c?lula na cidade do Natal ocorre dentro de um raio inferior a 3 (tr?s) km em rela??o a Esta??o R?dio-Base. A faixa de freq??ncia utilizada foi de 800 MHz, correspondendo aos canais de controle dos respectivos sites, os quais adotam a t?cnica de modula??o FSK. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se inicialmente uma vis?o geral dos modelos utilizados para predi??o de propaga??o. Em seguida, descreve-se a metodologia utilizada nas medi??es, as quais foram efetuadas aproveitando os pr?prios canais de controle do sistema celular. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com diversos modelos de predi??o existentes e foram desenvolvidas adapta??es utilizando t?cnicas de regress?o na tentativa de obten??o de solu??es mais otimizadas. Al?m disso, ? importante observar que, de acordo com norma da antiga holding brasileira Telebr?s, uma cobertura m?nima de 90% de uma ?rea pr?-estabelecida em 90% do tempo deve ser obedecida em implanta??es de sistemas celulares. Para que tal ?ndice seja obtido, considera??es e estudos envolvendo o ambiente espec?fico de atendimento s?o importantes. Este trabalho apresenta uma contribui??o nesse sentido