Digital simulation is a useful tool in many scientific areas. Interactive simulation can provide the user with a better appreciation of a problem area. With the introduction of large scale integrated circuits and in particular the advent of the microprocessor, a large amount of computing power is available at low cost. The aim of this project therefore was to investigate the feasibility of producing a minimum cost, easy to use, interactive digital simulation system. A hardware microcomputer system was constructed to test simulation program concepts and an interactive program was designed and developed for this system. By the use of a set of commands and subsequent interactive dialogue, the program allows the user to enter and perform simulation tasks. The simulation program is unusual in that it does not require a sophisticated operating system or other system programs such as compilers. The program does not require any backup memory devices such as magnetic disc or tape and indeed could be stored in ROM or EPROM. The program is designed to be flexible and extendable and could be easily modified to run with a variety of hardware configurations. The highly interactive nature of the system means that its operation requires very little programming experience. The microcomputer hardware system uses two microprocessors together with specially designed interfaces. One was dedicated to the implementation of the simulation equations, and the other provided an input/output capability including a low cost CRT display.

Published Article / This paper presents the work on the development of a digital simulation model for the transportation line in a local automotive manufacturing plant. It describes a structured procedure of data collection, digital design, model building, activity creation, and process simulation using simulation tool Delmia. Based on the digital simulation model, new alternative concepts of production line planning strategy can be easily integrated into the model to evaluate the cycle time/cost and to optimise the production line. The demonstration result indicates that digital simulation can be used as a powerful tool to reduce planning risk, identify material flow bottlenecks, and to improve throughput and knowledge share within the company.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-09T12:48:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FLÁVIO GONÇALVES DA ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2002.doc: 1342464 bytes, checksum: ad7017974895aef1540dd8f4ad2b142c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T12:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FLÁVIO GONÇALVES DA ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2002.doc: 1342464 bytes, checksum: ad7017974895aef1540dd8f4ad2b142c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08-28 / Estudos e análises de sistemas de computação e de comunicação de dados podem ser complexos devidos, em geral, a grande quantidade de recursos a serem considerados e ao relacionamento dinâmico que esses recursos apresentam. Adicionalmente, novas tecnologias se apresentam exigindo estudos e análises mais detalhados quanto as suas utilizações e desempenhos. A dinâmica desses sistemas depende da ocorrência de eventos, que representam, por exemplo, em um sistema de comunicação de dados, o término de transmissão de uma mensagem em um canal de comunicação. Como conseqüência, ambientes de simulação orientados a eventos muitas vezes se apresentam como a melhor alternativa para estudos e análises desses sistemas. O processo de construção de tais ambientes pode ser feito com o uso de componentes de software que possibilitam uma maior reutilização de código aumentando a eficácia desse processo. Nessa Dissertação, dois tipos de componentes são especificados e implementados: os que permitem a construção facilitada de ambientes de simulação orientados a eventos (relógio simulado, lista de eventos, geradores de valores aleatórios e controle da simulação, entre outros), e os que representam elementos essenciais de uma rede de computadores TCP/IP (fontes de pacotes, hosts, enlaces e roteadores). Como estudo de caso, um ambiente de simulação de redes TCP/IP foi construído e validado. Na especificação dos componentes foi utilizada a Linguagem de Modelagem Unificada (UML). A tecnologia para a implementação escolhida foi Java (JavaBeans) e o Ambiente de Desenvolvimento utilizado Jbuilder. Finalmente, os componentes podem ser reutilizados na construção de qualquer ambiente de simulação orientado a eventos que se aplique a modelos que apresentam contenção de recursos. / Studies and analysis of computation and data communication systems could be complex due to the great amount of resources to be considered and their relationship. As new technologies appear more detailed studies and analysis are required. The dynamic of these systems depends on event occurrence. Simulation event-driven tools are frequently chosen for aiding studies and analysis of those systems. In the software development process of those tools software components can facilitate the software reuse increasing the efficiency of this process. This work, specifies and implements two types of components for building simulation tools: components for constructing event-driven simulation tools (such as simulated clock, randon value generators, event list, simulation flow control) and another components for simulating TCP/IP computer networks basic elements (such as packet sources, hosts, routers and links). As a case of study, a simulation tool was constructed. The work adopts JavaBeans technology, Unified Modeling Language (UML) for specification the components and Jbuilder as development tool. Finally, the components construted in this work can be reused to build any event-driven simulation tool.

No description available.

No / Crystal structure prediction simulations are reported on 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone to establish the feasibility of predicting the spontaneous resolution of racemates of small organic molecules. It is assumed that spontaneous resolution occurs when the enantiomorph is more stable than the racemic solid. The starting point is a gas phase conformational search to locate all low-energy conformations. These conformations are used to predict the possible crystal structures of 5- and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In both cases, the racemic crystal structure is predicted to have the lowest energy. The energy differences between the lowest-energy racemic solids and the lowest-energy enantiomorphs are 0.2 kcal mol-1 for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 0.9 kcal mol-1 for 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In the case of 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone, where the racemic crystal is known to be more stable and the experimental crystal structures of both the racemate and the enantiomorph are available, the simulation results match the observed data. For 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone, where only enantiopure crystals are observed experimentally, the known experimental structure is found 1.6 kcal mol-1 above the lowest-energy predicted structure. This work shows that it is possible to predict whether the racemate of a small chiral molecule can be resolved spontaneously, although further advances in the accuracy of lattice energy calculations are required.

No / We report a numerical calculation of the melting point of NaCl. The solid-liquid transition was located by determining the point where the chemical potentials of the solid and liquid phases intersect. To compute these chemical potentials, we made use of free energy calculations. For the solid phase the free energy was determined by thermodynamic integration from the Einstein crystal. For the liquid phase two distinct approaches were employed: one based on particle insertion and growth using the Kirkwood coupling parameter, and the other involving thermodynamic integration of the NaCl liquid to a Lennard-Jones fluid. The latter approach was found to be significantly more accurate. The coexistence point at 1074 K was characterized by a pressure of -30+/-40 MPa and a chemical potential of -97.9+/-0.2kßT. This result is remarkably good as the error bounds on the pressure enclose the expected coexistence pressure of about 0.1 MPa (ambient). Using the Clausius-Clapyron relation, we estimate that dP/dT~3 MPa/K. This yields a melting point of 1064+/-14 K at ambient pressure, which encompasses the quoted range for the experimental melting point (1072.45-1074.4 K). The good agreement with the experimental melting-point data provides additional evidence that the Tosi-Fumi model for NaCl is quite accurate. Our study illustrates that the melting point of an ionic system can be calculated accurately by employing a judicious combination of free energy techniques. The techniques used in this work can be directly extended to more complex, charged systems.

L'objet du présent travail est la modélisation, par simulation numérique, de la tenue mécanique de flasques de sièges automobile obtenus par semi-découpe de tôle d'acier à haute limite élastique. Des essais de compression, de traction et de cisaillement sont mis en place pour étudier l'anisotropie plastique, l'écrouissage, l'endommagement et la rupture. Des essais non proportionnels de cisaillement suivi de traction et de semi-découpe suivie de poinçonnement permettent d'investiguer l'effet de prédéformations, à bas taux de triaxialité des contraintes, sur le comportement du matériau à nouveau sollicité à un taux de triaxialité des contraintes plus élevé. Basé sur les travaux de Xue et Wierzbicki, un critère de rupture permettant de rendre compte des observations expérimentales est proposé et comparé à un modèle d'endommagement de Lemaitre. Le critère de rupture proposé est implanté dans deux logiciels de calcul par éléments finis : le logiciel Forge® dédié à la simulation de la mise en forme et le logiciel LS-Dyna® dédié à la simulation de crash. Dans un premier temps, la mise en forme par semi-découpe est simulée avec Forge®. Dans un second temps, les champs de variables d'état sont transportés du maillage résultat obtenu avec Forge®, vers le maillage d'entrée pour LS-Dyna®. Ensuite les calculs de tenue mécanique sont réalisés avec LS-Dyna®. Les résultats de calculs de tenue mécanique sont enfin comparés à des résultats expérimentaux. Ces résultats expérimentaux sont des essais de mise en forme par semi-découpe suivis d'essais d'arrachement qui reproduisent, en laboratoire, les sollicitations observées sur les pièces industrielles. / The purpose of this work is to model by digital simulation the mechanical strength of automotive seat flanges obtained by half-blanking of high yield strength steel sheets. Compression, tensile and shear tests are done in order to investigate plastic anisotropy, strain hardening, ductile damage and fracture. Non-proportional tests of shear followed by traction and of half-blanking followed by punching allow investigating the effect of predeformations at low stress triaxiality, on the behavior of the material loaded again at higher stress triaxiality. Based on the work of Xue and Wierzbicki, a fracture criterion that allows taking into account the experimental observations is proposed and compared to a Lemaitre damage model. The proposed fracture criterion is implemented in two finite element software programms: Forge®, dedicated to forming simulation and LS-Dyna®, dedicated to crash simulation. In a first step, forming by half-blanking is simulated with Forge®. In a second step, state variable fields are mapped from outcome mesh from Forge® to input mesh for LS-Dyna®. Then mechanical strength computations are performed using LS-Dyna®. Finally the mechanical strength computation results are compared to experimental results. These experimental results are forming tests by half-blanking followed by wrenching tests. These tests reproduce in the laboratory loading observed on industrial parts.

Este trabalho apresenta os principais aspectos da automação de projetos de sistemas digitais com a utilização de computadores, detendo-se particularmente no problema da simulação. Apresenta uma visão do problema geral da automação e suas diferentes alternativas de solução bem como, um relato sobre aspectos da implementação de simuladores. Introduz um novo algoritmo desenvolvido especificamente para atender às necessidades de simulação em nível de registros portas. Descreve a implementação de um simulador em nível de portas lógicas, constituído de rotinas escritas em linguagem Assembler e Fortran do sistema HP 2116B do Laboratório de Sistemas Digitais do Departamento de Engenharia de Eletricidade da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Finalmente, apresenta as regras de sua utilização, exemplos e as conclusões mais significativas obtidas através de seu emprego em vários casos práticos. / This paper deals with some basic features of computer-aided automation of digital systems design, particularly with those related to the simulation problem. It presents a general view of this problem and different approaches for solving it and reports also on the main aspects of simulator implementation. A new algorithm, developed to meet our specific requirements of register-level and gate level simulation, is described, together with the implementation of a gate-level simulator. The latter consists of routines written in the Assembler and Fortran languages of the HP 2116B System and was developed at the Laboratório de Sistemas Digitais do Departamento de Engenharia de Eletricidade da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. The document also includes rules for the use of the simulator, examples and some relevant conclusions which resulted from the application of the simulator in actual cases.

Este trabalho apresenta os principais aspectos da automação de projetos de sistemas digitais com a utilização de computadores, detendo-se particularmente no problema da simulação. Apresenta uma visão do problema geral da automação e suas diferentes alternativas de solução bem como, um relato sobre aspectos da implementação de simuladores. Introduz um novo algoritmo desenvolvido especificamente para atender às necessidades de simulação em nível de registros portas. Descreve a implementação de um simulador em nível de portas lógicas, constituído de rotinas escritas em linguagem Assembler e Fortran do sistema HP 2116B do Laboratório de Sistemas Digitais do Departamento de Engenharia de Eletricidade da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Finalmente, apresenta as regras de sua utilização, exemplos e as conclusões mais significativas obtidas através de seu emprego em vários casos práticos. / This paper deals with some basic features of computer-aided automation of digital systems design, particularly with those related to the simulation problem. It presents a general view of this problem and different approaches for solving it and reports also on the main aspects of simulator implementation. A new algorithm, developed to meet our specific requirements of register-level and gate level simulation, is described, together with the implementation of a gate-level simulator. The latter consists of routines written in the Assembler and Fortran languages of the HP 2116B System and was developed at the Laboratório de Sistemas Digitais do Departamento de Engenharia de Eletricidade da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. The document also includes rules for the use of the simulator, examples and some relevant conclusions which resulted from the application of the simulator in actual cases.

abstract: In recent years, wide bandgap (WBG) devices enable power converters with higher power density and higher efficiency. On the other hand, smart grid technologies are getting mature due to new battery technology and computer technology. In the near future, the two technologies will form the next generation of smart grid enabled by WBG devices. This dissertation deals with two applications: silicon carbide (SiC) device used for medium voltage level interface (7.2 kV to 240 V) and gallium nitride (GaN) device used for low voltage level interface (240 V/120 V). A 20 kW solid state transformer (SST) is designed with 6 kHz switching frequency SiC rectifier. Then three robust control design methods are proposed for each of its smart grid operation modes. In grid connected mode, a new LCL filter design method is proposed considering grid voltage THD, grid current THD and current regulation loop robust stability with respect to the grid impedance change. In grid islanded mode, µ synthesis method combined with variable structure control is used to design a robust controller for grid voltage regulation. For grid emergency mode, multivariable controller designed using H infinity synthesis method is proposed for accurate power sharing. Controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed considering 7-SST system is setup with Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The real TMS320F28335 DSP and Spartan 6 FPGA control board is used to interface a switching model SST in RTDS. And the proposed control methods are tested. For low voltage level application, a 3.3 kW smart grid hardware is built with 3 GaN inverters. The inverters are designed with the GaN device characterized using the proposed multi-function double pulse tester. The inverter is controlled by onboard TMS320F28379D dual core DSP with 200 kHz sampling frequency. Each inverter is tested to process 2.2 kW power with overall efficiency of 96.5 % at room temperature. The smart grid monitor system and fault interrupt devices (FID) based on Arduino Mega2560 are built and tested. The smart grid cooperates with GaN inverters through CAN bus communication. At last, the three GaN inverters smart grid achieved the function of grid connected to islanded mode smooth transition / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017