This study examines the interaction between language experience and Spanish morphosyntactic development using longitudinal data of Spanish-English bilingual children with typical language development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD). Specifically, this study explores how language exposure and usage influence the production accuracy of articles, direct object clitics and subjunctives across 4 years. Analyses of growth trajectories show that the trajectories differ by both language ability groups and morphosyntactic structures. Among the three grammatical markers, the TD group demonstrates different patterns of growth while the DLD group demonstrates consistent ascending trajectories. The accuracy of articles is the highest in all three markers across 4 years for both TD and DLD groups. The accuracy of direct object clitics in the DLD group increases over time while it decreases slightly in the TD group. The accuracy of subjunctives increases in both TD and DLD groups, but the increase was higher in the DLD group than in the TD group. Results of the generalized linear model (GLM) of the accuracy of three grammatical markers indicate that the contributing factors differ by the marker: language exposure, language usage, language ability group and grade level have significant effects on accuracy of articles; language ability group is the only contributing factor to the production accuracy of direct object clitics; and language exposure, language ability group and grade level significantly influence the production accuracy of subjunctives. Results of the GLM of accuracy at the fourth assessment time also reveal that contributing factors to accuracy of fourth-year performance differ by grammatical markers: a significant effect of accuracy at first observation time for articles and direct object clitics, a significant effect of baseline accuracy for articles and subjunctives, and a significant effect of language ability for subjunctives. These results confirm that articles, direct object clitics and subjunctives are reliable markers of language impairment for Spanish-English bilingual children. This study also describes the specific influence of language experience within the language ability group and grade level. The influence of language experience on production accuracy differs by language ability group and morphosyntactic structures. / Communication Sciences

The present MA thesis is concerned with an English verbonominal construction, which consists of a semantically light verb, in the case of the present thesis have and take, with an eventive object. The construction represents one semantic unit, which is proved by a paraphrase in which the object replaces the whole construction as the verb of the clause without any change of meaning. The construction affects the aspectual features of the verb, which is reflected in Czech translation equivalents. It also allows for easier modification and quantification. The kind of determiner and modifier present has an impact on the Czech counterparts, most importantly on the aspect of the verb. Modifiers usually translate as adverbials or adjectives modifying a syntactic object, if the Czech counterpart is verbonominal. The integration of the English modifiers into the Czech sentence is often problematic. The thesis presents a theoretical survey of information on the topic and provides a linguistic description of 279 examples of the construction obtained through the online corpora InterCorp. The examples are analyzed with respect to determiners, quantifiers and modifiers. This, along with the Czech counterparts, is the basis for conclusions on the influence of the construction on the translation to Czech.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_nc_me_ararafcl.pdf: 839319 bytes, checksum: 52e7eec0933361a24bbd40fb5d196a7c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudo desenvolvido sob a ótica sincrônica, alicerçado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolingüística Variacionista, em que se propõe investigar as estratégias de realização do objeto direto no português brasileiro (PB) culto falado. Objetiva-se com essa investigação verificar se as estratégias de realização do fenômeno variável em questão obedece ao mesmo processo nas três pessoas gramaticais e se essas estratégias podem ser entendidas como uma extensão do que se nota na variedade popular. A fim de se buscarem dados empíricos para a constituição do corpus deste estudo, bem como de um retrato o mais abrangente possível do que se costuma denominar PB, utilizou-se da amostr representativa do português brasileiro culto falado denominada Projeto NURC, em sua modalidade DID - Diálogos entre Informante e Documentador. Dessa amostra, foram selecionados um total de 30 inquéritos, sendo 5 de cada capital compreendida pelo projeto: Posto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e São Paulo. Os inquéritos foram, ainda, selecionados levando-se em consideração os grupos de fatores extralingüísticos aqui analisados: sexo/gênero e faixa etária do informante. oda a investigação foi orientada pela hipótese central de que os fatores que influenciam a variação, tanto nas estratégias de realização do objeto direto como na proporção de uso de cada estratégia, não apresentam diferenças significativas se observado o uso feito pelos considerados falantes cultos da língua nas variedades aqui estudadas. / This is a synchronic study founded on the theoretical assumptions and methodology of Variationist Sociolinguistics which investigates strategies for the instantiation of the direct object (DO) in spoken educated Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The investigation aims to establish whether the strategies for the sinstantiation of DO are the same in all three grammatical persons and whether these strategies may be understood as an extension of those employed in the informal variety of BP. The corpus used in the study consists of a representative sample of spoken educated BP, which has been selected from the NURC Project, more specifically from its Informant-Interviewer Dialogue (IID) section. From this sample, a total of 30 inquires have been selected, such that every five inquiries come from capital included in the Project, namely, Posto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e São Paulo. Extra-linguistic factors such as informant's age and gender have also been considered in the selection and analysis of the inquiries. The investigation has ben guided by the main hypothesis that the factors which influence both the variation in the strategies for the instantiation of DO and the proportional use of each strategy are not significantly different, if one takes into consideration their use by educated speakers of the BP in the varieties analysed here.

Orientador: Ruth Elisabeth Vasconcellos Lopes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Intituto de Estudos da Linguaguem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casagrande_Sabrina_D.pdf: 5930788 bytes, checksum: 681b80a7db73d90921dc5f1940625516 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Tendo como base o aparato teórico do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky, 2000), o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as restrições de ocorrência do objeto direto anafórico (ODA) no Português Brasileiro (PB). Mais especificamente, procuramos investigar se a perfectividade do verbo interfere no preenchimento da posição de ODA. Para tanto, testes de julgamento de gramaticalidade foram aplicados off-line a 27 falantes nativos adultos do PB, analisando perfectividade do verbo e traços de animacidade e especificidade do antecedente. Os resultados mostraram que, em alguns casos, a perfectividade parece restringir o preenchimento da posição de ODA em PB, embora não tenha se mostrado categórica. Para analisar se o padrão encontrado nos dados adultos é encontrado nos dados infantis, aplicamos quatro experimentos de produção eliciada e um experimento de imitação eliciada a 70 crianças adquirindo o PB na faixa etária de 2-6 anos. Lopes (2009), observando a aquisição do ODA em dados de produção espontânea, mostrou que há uma mudança na gramática infantil, que inicialmente produz apenas objetos nulos dêiticos e, a partir do momento em que o traço de perfectividade é especificado na gramática da criança, o nulo anafórico passa a ser produzido. Os dados aqui analisados mostram que a gramática infantil passa por uma mudança posterior a essa: deixa de produzir apenas objetos nulos anafóricos (tanto com formas perfectivas quanto com formas imperfectivas do verbo), dando lugar, também, a DPs plenos e pronomes lexicais, que parecem crescer em maior número com formas perfectivas, o que, segundo nossos resultados, indica um caminho em direção à gramática adulta. Ainda, os resultados mostraram, assim como nos dados adultos, que a correlação entre perfectividade e ODA está presente, porém somente em alguns casos. O que é importante destacar é que os mesmos casos em que a correlação entre perfectividade e preenchimento da posição de ODA foram detectados na gramática adulta, também apareceram na gramática infantil. Além disso, evidências translinguísticas mostram que a restrição do objeto ao aspecto não é uma exclusividade do PB, aparecendo em outras línguas (cf. THRIFT (2003) para o holandês, TSIMPLI & PAPADOPOULOU (2006), para o grego), o que parece nos indicar um caminho pelo qual passa a aquisição do objeto nas línguas. Restar-nos-ia observar se este padrão é encontrado em outras línguas e, se assim o for, delinear, de alguma maneira, um possível parâmetro para o preenchimento do objeto / Abstract: Based on the theoretical apparatus of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 2000), this thesis aims to analyze the restrictions on the occurrence of the so called anaphoric direct object (ADO) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). More specifically, we intend to investigate if perfective features in the verb might or might not interfere on the filling up of the ADO position. Thus, grammaticality judgment test have been administer offline to 27 adult native speakers with the intent to analyze perfectiveness in the verb form and animacy features as well as the specificity of the antecedent. The results have revealed that perfectiveness seems to be constraining the filling up of the ADO position in BP, though not categorically. In order to analyze if the pattern found out amidst the adults' data is also observed within the children's data, we have administer four different experiments of elicited production and one experiment of elicited imitation to 70 children acquiring BP between 2 and 6 years old. Lopes (2009), observing the acquisition of the ADO in spontaneous production data has pointed out that there is a change in the child's Grammar, which is supposed to produce only deictic null objects (in the beginning) and to change up being able to produce the null anaphoric as soon as the perfective feature is specified in the grammar. Data such as the ones put to analisys here evidence that the child's Grammar goes through some kind of change that follows this one: the child stops producing only null anaphoric objects (with perfective or imperfective verb forms), giving place to also full DPs and lexical pronouns, which seem increase in number when associated to perfective forms, which, according to our results, indicates a clear way towards the adult grammar. The results also attest, just as observed in the adult data, that the correlation between perfectivity and ADO is present, but only in a few cases. It's important to mention that adult and child's grammar (according to the data) seem to share the correlation between perfectivity and the filling up of the ADO. Besides, cross linguistic evidences show up that the restriction the object sets towards aspect is not found out only in BP, being present in a considerable number of languages (see THRIFT (2003) for Dutch and TSIMPLI & PAPADOPOULOU (2006), for Greek). What seems to indicate the acquisition of the objects seems to trail in languages. We're left the task to check if this pattern can be found in other languages and, if it's the case, to somehow delineate some kind of parameter for the filling up of the object / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Text in Afrikaans / Tradisioneel is aanvaar dat die indirekte voorwerp nie in Afrikaanse stelsinne kan optree sander die voorkoms van 'n direkte voorwerp in dieselfde sin nie. Hierdie ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat sekere voorwerpe wat voorheen as "direkte voorwerpe" geklassifiseer is, eerder die eienskappe van indirekte Hulle word dus nou geklassifiseer as en die parameters van die indirekte ooreenkomstig uitgebrei. Aangesien daar geen formele merkers vir die uitkenning en onderskeiding van direkte en indirecte voorwerpe bestaan nie, is parameters vir die doel vasgestel. Skoon indireckte voorwerpe (op enkele uisonderings na) verskyn altyd direk na die SPIL-posisie in 'n stelsin toon 'n groot affiniteit vir voorsetsels (versa vir, aan), en kan in die koers van adjunk afgegradeer word, deur me 'n voorsetsel te verbind, en kan sodoende ook na' 'n adjunk verskyn. Direkte voorwerpe kan daarenteen nie met voorset-: sels verbind nie en kan buitendien na enige adjunk verskyn. / Language Education, Arts and Culture / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Tradisioneel is aanvaar dat die indirekte voorwerp nie in Afrikaanse stelsinne kan optree sander die voorkoms van 'n direkte voorwerp in dieselfde sin nie. Hierdie ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat sekere voorwerpe wat voorheen as "direkte voorwerpe" geklassifiseer is, eerder die eienskappe van indirekte Hulle word dus nou geklassifiseer as en die parameters van die indirekte ooreenkomstig uitgebrei. Aangesien daar geen formele merkers vir die uitkenning en onderskeiding van direkte en indirecte voorwerpe bestaan nie, is parameters vir die doel vasgestel. Skoon indireckte voorwerpe (op enkele uisonderings na) verskyn altyd direk na die SPIL-posisie in 'n stelsin toon 'n groot affiniteit vir voorsetsels (versa vir, aan), en kan in die koers van adjunk afgegradeer word, deur me 'n voorsetsel te verbind, en kan sodoende ook na' 'n adjunk verskyn. Direkte voorwerpe kan daarenteen nie met voorset-: sels verbind nie en kan buitendien na enige adjunk verskyn. / Language Education, Arts and Culture / M.A. (Afrikaans)

In this work, the pronominal reduplication is interpreted as an agreement of the verb with the object by means of a clitic. In this way, the object resembles the subject, which agrees with the verb by means of an affix. However, while the subject agreement is absolutely regular, the agreement of the object, or reduplication, is conditioned by diverse factors. These factors are the main object of investigation in this work. The reinterpretation of the object clitics as agreement markers is the consequence of their grammaticalization from the original character of unstressed personal pronouns towards the character of verbal affixes. The dative clitics are rather further in this process than the accusative clitics - they conserve less pronominal features, and also the reduplication of the indirect object is much more frequent than the reduplication of direct object. This is related to the fact that the indirect object is by its nature closer to the subject, therefore it favours more the regular agreement with the predicate. Key words: pronominal reduplication, clitic doubling, object pronouns, clitics, direct object, indirect object, spanish syntax

This thesis deals with direct object nouns case-marked differentially. According to the commonly assumed generalization nouns marked with ACC case are prototypical objects representing high transitivity, whereas nouns marked with non-accusative cases are not. However, such a view ignores the possibility of a much finer distinction and fails to account for empirical data from languages with rich case morphology, such as Ukrainian. Given the complexity of the phenomenon under study the main objective of our investigation is to account exhaustively for all possible instances of non-accusative case marking and case alternations on direct objects in Ukrainian trying to classify and analyze the data by specifying the factors that condition the distinction ‘accusative versus non-accusative case marking’ and by integrating the phenomenon of differential object marking (DOM) into a formal model. We present DOM as a phenomenon that, together with the phenomenon of unaccusativity, can be subsumed under a broader concept of non-accusativity (defined as inability of verbs to assign ACC case). In this context we show that in Ukrainian and French morphosyntactic case realization has semantic underpinnings and that issues related to case valuation emanate from the intersection of different phenomena – DOM and nominal incorporation, DOM and verb typology, DOM and the process of (de)transitivization, and so on. However, the (morphosyntactic) visibility of those points of intersection varies from one language to another. Generativist distinction between syntactic (abstract) and morphological cases as well as the functionalist idea that case markings can be characterized as morphemes having different functional applications constitute the basis of our analysis of data. Using the typological views of these two approaches on the category of case as guidelines in our classification of collected data, we resort to minimalist formalism. Case is treated as an uninterpretable feature and a clear distinction is drawn between two types of case valuation – case checking and case assignment. Structural cases are checked during verb-raising and inherent (lexical) cases (among which we find predicate and default cases) are assigned either by a weak (or defective) v or by (an overt or null) preposition (P) in situ.

This thesis deals with direct object nouns case-marked differentially. According to the commonly assumed generalization nouns marked with ACC case are prototypical objects representing high transitivity, whereas nouns marked with non-accusative cases are not. However, such a view ignores the possibility of a much finer distinction and fails to account for empirical data from languages with rich case morphology, such as Ukrainian. Given the complexity of the phenomenon under study the main objective of our investigation is to account exhaustively for all possible instances of non-accusative case marking and case alternations on direct objects in Ukrainian trying to classify and analyze the data by specifying the factors that condition the distinction ‘accusative versus non-accusative case marking’ and by integrating the phenomenon of differential object marking (DOM) into a formal model. We present DOM as a phenomenon that, together with the phenomenon of unaccusativity, can be subsumed under a broader concept of non-accusativity (defined as inability of verbs to assign ACC case). In this context we show that in Ukrainian and French morphosyntactic case realization has semantic underpinnings and that issues related to case valuation emanate from the intersection of different phenomena – DOM and nominal incorporation, DOM and verb typology, DOM and the process of (de)transitivization, and so on. However, the (morphosyntactic) visibility of those points of intersection varies from one language to another. Generativist distinction between syntactic (abstract) and morphological cases as well as the functionalist idea that case markings can be characterized as morphemes having different functional applications constitute the basis of our analysis of data. Using the typological views of these two approaches on the category of case as guidelines in our classification of collected data, we resort to minimalist formalism. Case is treated as an uninterpretable feature and a clear distinction is drawn between two types of case valuation – case checking and case assignment. Structural cases are checked during verb-raising and inherent (lexical) cases (among which we find predicate and default cases) are assigned either by a weak (or defective) v or by (an overt or null) preposition (P) in situ.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-13T15:27:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silva.pdf: 1245786 bytes, checksum: 47d4412aab645a8affa79e9db5506aad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T17:28:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silva.pdf: 1245786 bytes, checksum: 47d4412aab645a8affa79e9db5506aad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T17:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silva.pdf: 1245786 bytes, checksum: 47d4412aab645a8affa79e9db5506aad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Esta dissertação analisa, numa perspectiva sociolingüística, as estratégias de realização do objeto direto anafórico no dialeto rural afro-brasileiro, focalizando as variantes que distanciam o português do Brasil (PB) e o português europeu (PE): a categoria vazia e o uso do pronome lexical (ele/ela). Parte-se do pressuposto de que as diferenças existentes entre o PB e o PE se devem, não só a motivações internas à estrutura da língua, mas, principalmente, a motivações externas (sócio-históricas) decorrentes do contato entre línguas ocorrido, quando no Brasil conviveram os portugueses, os índios e os negros trazidos da África como escravos. Buscando avaliar o quanto o contato entre línguas afetou o desenvolvimento histórico da língua portuguesa no Brasil, o foco da pesquisa dirige-se para as comunidades rurais afrobrasileiras isoladas, do interior do Estado da Bahia. Por terem-se mantido até bem recentemente em relativo isolamento, tais comunidades devem guardar não só costumes culturais bastante antigos, mas também padrões lingüísticos, que permitam encontrar evidências de processos de variação e mudança resultantes do contato entre línguas. Dessa forma, o corpus analisado reuniu quatro comunidades localizadas em regiões diversas do Estado da Bahia, em que houve grande concentração de mão-de-obra escrava, a saber: Helvécia, no extremo-sul da Bahia; Rio de Contas, na Chapada Diamantina; Cinzento, no semi-árido; e Sapé, no Recôncavo Baiano. / Salvador