Praktinės ir teorinės stilistikos studijos išskiria pakartojimo figūrą nuo antikinės retorikos laikų. Tačiau be tradiciškai teikiamų šios lingvistinės ir stilistinės priemonės formų ir reikšmių, kontekstiniai, pragmatiniai bei kognityviniai pakartojimo aspektai šiuolaikinės kalbotyros nėra pakankamai išnagrinėti. Darbas iliustruotas grožinės literatūros pavyzdžiais: V. Šeikspyro, E. Hemingvėjaus, F. S. Fitzgeraldo, J. Džoiso ir S. Heaney. Šiame darbe siekiame: 1) nagrinėti ir praplėsti pakartojimo figūros semantinį ir struktūrinį lauką tiek siaurame sakinio/pasakymo, tiek ir teksto kontekste; 2) atskleisti pakartojimo pragmatinę ir kognityvinę funkcijas; 3) tirti ir nustatyti intertekstinius ir struktūrinius šios kalbos ir stiliaus priemonės parametrus. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pakartojimo figūros semantiniai ir stilistiniai bruožai nagrinėjami diachroniniu aspektu, remiantis įvairių baladžių tipų analize. Prieita išvados, kad pakartojimas, įsišaknijęs senovės prietaruose, vietiniuose papročiuose ir tautosakoje, atsirado kalbamojoje kultūroje ir yra perduodamas iš kartos į kartą. Šiuolaikinės literatūros pagrindu praplečiamos pakartojmo figūros klasifikacijos ir semantinės stilistinės funkcijos. Pakartojimo tyrimas sinchroniniu aspektu parodo, kad ši priemonė naudojama ne tik pasakymo loginio ir ekspresyvinio aspekto sustiprinimui, bet ir papildomų prasmių generavimui. Antrojoje dalyje analizuojamos leksinių ryšio priemonių kategorijos: pažodinis ir... [to full text]

Recent discourse in international politics has seen a remarkable increase in the use of the word ‘civilisation’. This phenomenon has stimulated research that seeks to investigate the concept of the ‘standard of civilisation’ in the historical development of international politics, and the implications that this has had and may continue to have on the regional and global level. In this context, this thesis examines the evolving idea of the standard of civilisation as it relates to Japan. Throughout this investigation, the thesis sheds light on a nexus between the discourse of civilisation and militarisation. The linkage between civilisation and militarisation is most evident in the debate over Japan’s remilitarisation in the post-Second World War era. In analysing this case, the thesis also points out the potential ramifications of the discourse of civilisation in international politics, including issues surrounding the promotion of liberal democracy and the military alliance relationship between the United States and Japan. The thesis concludes by stating the importance of an awareness of dangers that may manifest themselves as a consequence of the linkage between civilisation and militarisation.

This thesis is a study of the relationship between gender, citizenship and reproductive rights in the poblaciones of Santiago, both in relation to the Chilean State and in terms of the categories of international human rights law. At a time in which there has been a great deal of debate about women's international rights and new areas of rights directed at women have begun to be defined, this study seeks to draw attention to the need to consider how such rights operate in specific cultural contexts. In particular, it considers how dominant cultural discourses of gender are constructed and reproduced in the context of marginal urban communities in Santiago, Chile, and the constraints they may place on the conception and exercise of women's citizenship. The thesis sets out to show the ways in which these discourses are embedded in state institutions and reproduced in its practices. It describes the ways in which the law operates in a discursive way to allow or disallow interpretations of events and thereby conditions and delimits women's citizenship. Rather then depicting these dominant discourses as totalizing, the thesis aims to present a more complex picture in which women may on the one hand be seen to be complicit in their own subordination, but on the other to adopt alternative discourses, for example the new feminist discourse on human rights and the discourses emanating from NGOs which focus on concepts of freedom and autonomy. Women may be seen to reinterpret these discourses in the course of applying them to their own situations, accepting, rejecting and transforming them in the process. It draws on interviews with 89 women living in marginal urban communities, which investigate the exercise of citizenship and the variables affecting women's capacity to operationalise their rights. The data aims to show how rights discourses, including human rights can play a transformative role in the content and practice of citizenship. The extension of the concept of citizen to incorporate new areas of rights such as reproductive and sexual rights, creates the potential for women to use these conceptual tools to challenge traditional gender discourse that discriminate against them and inhibit the exercise of their citizenship. The thesis lays out the theoretical debates in relation to gender and citizenship, the state, the universalist-relativist debate in anthropology and the feminist discourse on human rights and argues in favour of a perspective that incorporates a gendered analysis of the cultural factors influencing the operation of laws.

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Longstanding political, social, and academic debates surrounding women’s anger have followed a distinct pattern. On one hand, critics disparage women for writing and speaking in an angry voice, casting them as bitter, irrational, or they assign them the pejorative “angry feminist”. Women often respond to these critiques by defending their anger, and reframe this emotional response as a legitimate response to oppression. Despite the utility of this intervention, this debate has given rise to a binary structure where a woman’s anger is either a legitimate response to oppression, or an irrational emotional response. As a result, the alternative functions to women’s anger remain largely unexplored. Working against binary logic, this dissertation aims to reframe this debate, and answer the following questions: what are the alternative functions for women’s anger outside of the binary terms of this debate? How can literary representations of anger complicate this conversation? Drawing from affect theory, intersectional feminist theory, discourse analysis, feminist discourse analysis, philosophical discussions about emotion, feminist literary theory, and ongoing debates surrounding nostalgia, this dissertation explores the function of anger within contemporary Canadian and American women’s literature. Before undertaking literary analysis in subsequent chapters, this dissertation first develops a methodology of “imperfect alignment” to account for the tensions between affect theory and discourse analysis, the theories and methods that guide this research project. The second chapter explores the ways anger allows liminal subjects to come into view in Feinberg’s Stone Butch Blues and Morris’s A Dangerous Woman. Chapter three explores the ways anger can interrupt and complicate compassionate reader responses to gender based abuse in Sapphire’s Push and Mosionier’s In Search of April Raintree. Chapter four explores the ways anger and nostalgia allow subjugated groups to link anger to domestic violence in Joyce Carol Oates’s Foxfire and We Were the Mulvaneys. Finally, this dissertation concludes with a brief analysis of feminist critiques of reason, and locates the findings of this project in relation to this scholarship. Ultimately, this research project nuances debates surrounding anger, and poses alternative readings of this emotional response.

A country’s international reputation has profound implications for its citizens; given that national image or reputation is built and circulated using language on a global scale, translation is necessarily involved. This project draws on bilingual corpora of government and media texts to examine how Canada was framed in the discourses and narratives in circulation in its two official languages at the time of the 2010 G8 and G20 Summits, using concepts and techniques from Critical Discourse Analysis, narrative theory, and corpus linguistics. Examining some aspects of language in use such as collocation, semantic relations, and metaphor, several of the ways in which Canada was framed in the two contexts and languages were compared. The project concludes that discourses and narratives may differ between sources and languages, thereby highlighting the importance of recognizing the impact of translation on the variety of national representations within discourses and narratives.

In this thesis, I examine how health stakeholders in British Columbia think and talk about human trafficking. I interrogate the health stakeholders’ speech as a site where broad societal discourses associated with human trafficking manifest. Using critical race theory, interlocking analysis, and a Foucauldian discourse analysis approach, I critically deconstruct health stakeholders’ understandings of human trafficking and persons who are trafficked. I pay particular attention to the discursive strategies the health stakeholders employ to construct the subjectivities of both persons who are trafficked and themselves in human trafficking discourse. I argue that these meaning-making processes and the uncritical reproduction of dominant human trafficking discourse in the health sector at least, in part, account for the lack of development and implementation of provincial human trafficking-specific policy and services to date. Given this absence, this thesis encourages health stakeholders to create evidence-based initiatives to address human trafficking and the health needs of persons who are trafficked. / Graduate / 0452 / aclancey@hotmail.com

The use of the expectation marker actually in spoken conversation is an interesting topic. This study investigates the different functions of actually and the importance of context in eight spoken conversations from the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English. The chosen conversations are different when it comes to social factors like the participants’ age or gender. The interactions are studied using Karin Aijmer’s suggested functions of actually. Aijmer divides the expectation marker into two major functions: contrastive and emphatic. Basically, the contrastive actually functions as an opposition between points of views, and the empathic actually is used to justify or explain an earlier statement. The method used for the study is of a qualitative character as I study the interactions thoroughly both by listening to the conversations as well as studying the available transcript versions of the interactions. Overall, the study shows that emphatic actually is most common in the data used, and it is mainly used to explain or justify something or as a marker of a participant’s style of speech. In other words, actually is more often used as a way to underline an utterance rather than to correct or make a contrast to another participant’s statement. Actually is often used as a marker of style, a way for a speaker to signal or mark a specific style of speech. All of the conversations are taken from everyday life and should therefore be considered unprepared. When it comes to context it seems as if actually is more frequently used in conversations between participants close in age and who are involved in a closer sort of relationship, for example cousins or a couple in a love relationship. As for gender, actually is used by both women and by men.

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