Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-84). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-208). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

O presente estudo trata da discricionariedade administrativa na opção de complementação dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde pela iniciativa privada, conforme previsto no artigo 199, § 1º, da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, e como ela pode ser controlada judicialmente. É proposta uma revisão sobre a discricionariedade administrativa e a sua sindicabilidade pelo Poder Judiciário, afirmando-se que se trata de competência outorgada pelo próprio Direito que, quando expressamente prevista, pode ser objetivamente localizada na estrutura lógico formal da norma jurídica. Analisa-se combinadamente o princípio da inafastabilidade da tutela judicial e o princípio da separação e harmonia entre os Poderes, tanto para verificação do exercício concreto da discricionariedade pela Administração, quanto da norma de atribuição desta competência ao legislador pela Constituição. Especificamente quanto ao direito à saúde, verifica-se que as normas constitucionais que tratam da composição do Sistema Único de Saúde foram disciplinadas na Lei nº 8.080/1990, que regula, em todo o território nacional, as ações e serviços de saúde, prevendo, no artigo 24, a possibilidade de participação complementar da iniciativa privada quando as disponibilidades da rede pública forem insuficientes para garantir a cobertura assistencial à população de uma determinada área. A partir da noção de políticas públicas como uma programação integrada das ações estatais para efetivação dos fins determinados na Constituição, que se soma às noções tradicionais do Direito, propõe-se o deslocamento da análise mais isolada da norma jurídica atributiva de discricionariedade para outra, em que são considerados os objetivos perseguidos pelo Estado, que no caso é, fundamentalmente a composição de um sistema público e gratuito de saúde. Refere-se que a complementaridade da iniciativa privada deve estar inserida no planejamento da política pública, cuja decisão depende de aprovação democrática. Finaliza-se propondo, a partir da compreensão do tema, quais são o alcance e os limites do controle jurisdicional sobre o agir administrativo relativo à complementação dos serviços públicos de saúde com serviços prestados por pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, com ou sem fins lucrativos. / This study is about the administrative discretion in complementing option the services of the National Health System by the private sector, as provided for in Article 199, § 1, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil 1988 , and how it can be controlled judicially. It is proposed a review of the administrative discretion and its control by the Judiciary, asserting that it is granted powers by the law, when expressly provided, can be objectively located in the formal logical structure of the rule of law. Is analyzed in combination of the principle of judicial protection and the principle of separation and balance between powers, both to verify the practical exercise of discretion by management, as assigning standard that power to legislator re by the Constitution. Specifically in relation to right to health, it appears that the constitutional provisions dealing with the composition of the National Health System were regulated in Law Nº 8.080/1990, which regulates, throughout the national territory, actions and health services providing, in Article 24, the possibility of further participation of the private sector when the resources of the public are insufficient to ensure healthcare coverage to the population of a given area. From the notion of public policy as an integrated program of government actions for realization of the purposes set forth in the Constitution, which adds to the traditional notions of law, it is proposed to offset the more isolated analysis of the rule of law conferring discretion to another in which are considered the objectives pursued by the State, which in this case is essentially the composition of a free public health system. Refers to the complementarity of the private sector should be inserted in the planning of public policy, whose decision depends on democratic approval. Ends up proposing, from the understanding of the subject , what are the scope and limits of the judicial control over the administrative act on the completion of public health services with services provided by legal entities of private law, or nonprofit.

This dissertation is a series of study on CEO turnover, succession, and compensation, which consists of three essays. In essay 1, I investigate how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) affects CEO tenure and the characteristics of CEO turnover. I do not find a significant relation between financial reporting and CEO turnover even though SOX enforces accurate financial reporting and personal responsibilities. However, I find SOX affects CEO turnover via the changes to corporate boards. I provide some evidence supporting the idea that intensified monitoring significantly reduces CEO tenure. Specifically, I find SOX significantly affects the relation between CEO tenure and the independence of the board. I find that the likelihood of forced CEO turnover is higher in the post-SOX period. I also document that intensified monitoring increases the likelihood of forced turnover, specifically, I find CEO power concentration, institutional ownership, negative news, and shareholder governance proposals significantly affect the odds of forced turnover. I also provide some evidence supporting the hypothesis that firm performance is inversely related to forced CEO turnover. I document that the average number of audit committee meetings significantly increased in the post-SOX period, and the interaction between the number of audit committee meetings and firm performance significantly increase the likelihood of forced CEO turnover. Overall, the results support the notion that SOX affects boards' decisions on CEO turnover. I do not find that the proportion of outside directors significantly affects the odds ratio of forced turnover, indicating outside dominated boards may not be effective in removing CEOs. Managerial discretion defines the working environment of a manager and could potentially affect a board's choice of a successor CEO. In essay 2, I hypothesize that boards tend to appoint younger (older) CEOs in firms with high (low) managerial discretion. I further propose that the relation between managerial discretion and successor CEO age may be moderated by the age of board members, the origin of the successor, and the successor's designated heir status. Using a sample of 629 successions occurring between 1994 and 2005, I find empirical evidence that supports my first hypothesis for the total sample and the sample of successions with voluntary turnover. Board age, successor origin, and the successor's designated heir status do not moderate the results for the total sample. However, I find that board member age and designated heir status moderate the relation between managerial discretion and CEO age following forced turnover. Following voluntary turnover, successor origin and designated heir status moderate the result. The above mentioned three board and CEO characteristics may either strengthen or weaken the link between managerial discretion and CEO age depending on how the incumbent CEO leaves the CEO position. In addition, several other factors also statistically affect boards' decisions regarding CEO age, including governance, CEO board tenure, and titles held by the successor. In essay 3, I examine the role of managerial discretion in setting CEO pay at succession. Using a sample of 656 successions from 1994-2005, I provide evidence that a successor CEO's pay level is positively and significantly associated with the level of managerial discretion. However, outside succession moderates the link between managerial discretion and pay level. I further find that the moderating effect of a successor's origin is contingent upon the bargaining power of the board of directors for the total and forced turnover samples. As for the pay structure of a successor, the results of the total sample and forced turnover subsample provide evidence that managerial discretion positively relates to the proportion of risk-based pay and outside succession has a moderating effect on this relation; and the moderating effect depends on the board bargaining power. As for the voluntary turnover sample, the pay structure of the new CEO is mainly determined by the pay structure of the predecessor, firm performance, and the board bargaining power. This study enriches existing research on managerial discretion and succession by linking CEO bargaining power at succession with the theory of managerial discretion.

A importância e papel do executivo de marketing são temas em evidência entre os acadêmicos dessa área. Embora os administradores sejam essenciais para as organizações, há certa dúvida quanto a atual relevância do diretor de marketing em relação a outros cargos de nível estratégico. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação busca averiguar qual o impacto da substituição de altos executivos de marketing em empresas listadas na BOVESPA. Realizouse um estudo de evento, contendo trinta empresas, para identificar o impacto dessa mudança na administração das companhias. Posteriormente, comparou-se o retorno identificado aos fatores da liberdade administrava, pois, de acordo com esse conceito, a importância dos dirigentes depende de alguns aspectos que acabam por limitar ou ampliar as suas opções de ação. Assim, características da empresa e do próprio profissional foram, por meio de uma análise de regressão múltipla, comparadas com o impacto financeiro da substituição do executivo. Os resultados sugerem que há uma relação entre o retorno anormal e as características do evento, tal como o diretor já ter trabalhado em outra ocasião na empresa que o contratou. / The importance and role of the marketing executive is a highlighted subject between the academics of this area. There is no consensus about the current relevance of the chief marketing officer in relation to other functions in the top board of company’s executives. This research seeks to access what impact the change of the chief marketing officer has in the value of companies listed in BOVESPA. An event study has been realized, with thirty firms, to identify the impact of this change in the board of Brazilian companies. After that, the observed return was compared to aspects of managerial discretion, this concept defends that the executive’s importance is a function of some characteristics that limit or amplify its options of action. Therefore, these aspects were compared with the abnormal return trough a regression analysis. The results suggest the existence of a relationship between individual characteristics, such as the executive being an insider, and firm-specific characteristics, such as the size of the company, and the abnormal return of the event.

O presente estudo trata da discricionariedade administrativa na opção de complementação dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde pela iniciativa privada, conforme previsto no artigo 199, § 1º, da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, e como ela pode ser controlada judicialmente. É proposta uma revisão sobre a discricionariedade administrativa e a sua sindicabilidade pelo Poder Judiciário, afirmando-se que se trata de competência outorgada pelo próprio Direito que, quando expressamente prevista, pode ser objetivamente localizada na estrutura lógico formal da norma jurídica. Analisa-se combinadamente o princípio da inafastabilidade da tutela judicial e o princípio da separação e harmonia entre os Poderes, tanto para verificação do exercício concreto da discricionariedade pela Administração, quanto da norma de atribuição desta competência ao legislador pela Constituição. Especificamente quanto ao direito à saúde, verifica-se que as normas constitucionais que tratam da composição do Sistema Único de Saúde foram disciplinadas na Lei nº 8.080/1990, que regula, em todo o território nacional, as ações e serviços de saúde, prevendo, no artigo 24, a possibilidade de participação complementar da iniciativa privada quando as disponibilidades da rede pública forem insuficientes para garantir a cobertura assistencial à população de uma determinada área. A partir da noção de políticas públicas como uma programação integrada das ações estatais para efetivação dos fins determinados na Constituição, que se soma às noções tradicionais do Direito, propõe-se o deslocamento da análise mais isolada da norma jurídica atributiva de discricionariedade para outra, em que são considerados os objetivos perseguidos pelo Estado, que no caso é, fundamentalmente a composição de um sistema público e gratuito de saúde. Refere-se que a complementaridade da iniciativa privada deve estar inserida no planejamento da política pública, cuja decisão depende de aprovação democrática. Finaliza-se propondo, a partir da compreensão do tema, quais são o alcance e os limites do controle jurisdicional sobre o agir administrativo relativo à complementação dos serviços públicos de saúde com serviços prestados por pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, com ou sem fins lucrativos. / This study is about the administrative discretion in complementing option the services of the National Health System by the private sector, as provided for in Article 199, § 1, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil 1988 , and how it can be controlled judicially. It is proposed a review of the administrative discretion and its control by the Judiciary, asserting that it is granted powers by the law, when expressly provided, can be objectively located in the formal logical structure of the rule of law. Is analyzed in combination of the principle of judicial protection and the principle of separation and balance between powers, both to verify the practical exercise of discretion by management, as assigning standard that power to legislator re by the Constitution. Specifically in relation to right to health, it appears that the constitutional provisions dealing with the composition of the National Health System were regulated in Law Nº 8.080/1990, which regulates, throughout the national territory, actions and health services providing, in Article 24, the possibility of further participation of the private sector when the resources of the public are insufficient to ensure healthcare coverage to the population of a given area. From the notion of public policy as an integrated program of government actions for realization of the purposes set forth in the Constitution, which adds to the traditional notions of law, it is proposed to offset the more isolated analysis of the rule of law conferring discretion to another in which are considered the objectives pursued by the State, which in this case is essentially the composition of a free public health system. Refers to the complementarity of the private sector should be inserted in the planning of public policy, whose decision depends on democratic approval. Ends up proposing, from the understanding of the subject , what are the scope and limits of the judicial control over the administrative act on the completion of public health services with services provided by legal entities of private law, or nonprofit.

O presente trabalho busca examinar o conteúdo normativo de regras e limites de dedutibilidade do imposto de renda no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Pretende-se analisar a sua relevância como um instrumento de proteção de direitos fundamentais e de realização da igualdade tributária por meio da simplificação que proporciona. Com base nessa premissa, pretende-se, primeiro, afastar o entendimento de que regras e limites de dedutibilidade são fruto da discricionariedade legislativa e, segundo, apresentar parâmetros de controle que permitam o seu controle jurisdicional. / The presente study aims to examine the normative content of deductions in the context of income tax in brazilian law. Its purpose is to analyze the relevance of deductions as an instrument of protection of fundamental rights and achieving equality through tax simplification. Based on this premise, it seeks, first, overcome the understanding that deductibility rules and limits are the result of legislative discretion and, second, provide control parameters that allow its jurisdictional control.

abstract: This study hypothesizes that prosecutors would be more likely to prosecute juveniles who engage in sexual activity with an underage same-sex partner than those who engage in underage sexual activity with a member of the opposite sex. To test this hypothesis, surveys were mailed to 1,000 prosecutors around the United States with a between subject design, meaning that each participant was only exposed to one condition in the vignette they read. There were a total of four vignettes, creating four conditions of different “offender” sex and “victim” sex in sexually appropriate relationships. The vignettes contain conditions in which either a male or female junior in high school was videotaped having oral sex with either a male or a female freshman in high school. Prosecutors were asked questions about whether they would prosecute the older student for statutory rape. Results indicated that manipulations of “offender” sex and “victim” sex were not statistically significant on prosecutorial discretion or punishment severity/motives; however, these manipulations did alter the prosecutors’ perceptions of the offender. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

O presente trabalho busca examinar o conteúdo normativo de regras e limites de dedutibilidade do imposto de renda no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Pretende-se analisar a sua relevância como um instrumento de proteção de direitos fundamentais e de realização da igualdade tributária por meio da simplificação que proporciona. Com base nessa premissa, pretende-se, primeiro, afastar o entendimento de que regras e limites de dedutibilidade são fruto da discricionariedade legislativa e, segundo, apresentar parâmetros de controle que permitam o seu controle jurisdicional. / The presente study aims to examine the normative content of deductions in the context of income tax in brazilian law. Its purpose is to analyze the relevance of deductions as an instrument of protection of fundamental rights and achieving equality through tax simplification. Based on this premise, it seeks, first, overcome the understanding that deductibility rules and limits are the result of legislative discretion and, second, provide control parameters that allow its jurisdictional control.

A importância e papel do executivo de marketing são temas em evidência entre os acadêmicos dessa área. Embora os administradores sejam essenciais para as organizações, há certa dúvida quanto a atual relevância do diretor de marketing em relação a outros cargos de nível estratégico. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação busca averiguar qual o impacto da substituição de altos executivos de marketing em empresas listadas na BOVESPA. Realizouse um estudo de evento, contendo trinta empresas, para identificar o impacto dessa mudança na administração das companhias. Posteriormente, comparou-se o retorno identificado aos fatores da liberdade administrava, pois, de acordo com esse conceito, a importância dos dirigentes depende de alguns aspectos que acabam por limitar ou ampliar as suas opções de ação. Assim, características da empresa e do próprio profissional foram, por meio de uma análise de regressão múltipla, comparadas com o impacto financeiro da substituição do executivo. Os resultados sugerem que há uma relação entre o retorno anormal e as características do evento, tal como o diretor já ter trabalhado em outra ocasião na empresa que o contratou. / The importance and role of the marketing executive is a highlighted subject between the academics of this area. There is no consensus about the current relevance of the chief marketing officer in relation to other functions in the top board of company’s executives. This research seeks to access what impact the change of the chief marketing officer has in the value of companies listed in BOVESPA. An event study has been realized, with thirty firms, to identify the impact of this change in the board of Brazilian companies. After that, the observed return was compared to aspects of managerial discretion, this concept defends that the executive’s importance is a function of some characteristics that limit or amplify its options of action. Therefore, these aspects were compared with the abnormal return trough a regression analysis. The results suggest the existence of a relationship between individual characteristics, such as the executive being an insider, and firm-specific characteristics, such as the size of the company, and the abnormal return of the event.