Discrimination againts consumer in the provision of goods and services Abstract The topic of this thesis is the prohibition of discrimination of consumers in the provision of goods and services. Recently, this issue has been the object of interest thanks to the Constitutional Court's judgment from 17 April 2019, in which the Constitutional Court dealt with consumer discrimination directly. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of discrimination in the area of provision of goods and services and to compare the principle of non-discrimination with other principles acting in conflict. For this reason, the thesis is divided into two main parts. The introduction is followed by the first part that is fully devoted to the analysis of the concept of consumer discrimination and other terms related to it. The second part of the work deals with the principles against which the principle of non-discrimination directly acts. The first part, entitled Consumer Discrimination, is divided into five subchapters. The main introductory chapter deals in detail with the analysis of the concept of discrimination and deals with discriminatory criteria in individual subchapters. The second chapter mentions cases of different treatment, which by law are not and cannot be considered as discrimination of the consumer. The...

Selected legal aspects of Artificial Intelligence In recent years, Artificial Intelligence has become a widely discussed topic. The main goal of this thesis is therefore to draw attention to some risks that arise from the use of Artificial Intelligence. This thesis deals mainly with three legal aspects of Artificial Intelligence. These aspects are privacy, personal data protection and discrimination. Chapter one is conceived as a general introduction which aims to present the term Artificial Intelligence along with various approaches to it. The relation between Artificial Intelligence and copyright law is mentioned in this chapter and a special attention is paid also to machine learning and neural networks. The second chapter summarizes the relevant legal sources in which the right to protection of personality, privacy and personal data is enshrined. The following chapter focuses on privacy protection. The risks associated with the use of drones are mentioned here. One subchapter describes in more detail the situation in the People's Republic of China, which uses Artificial Intelligence to track its citizens. Given the fact that Artificial Intelligence processes large amounts of data including personal data, it is necessary to ensure that the data is properly protected and not misused. Chapter four...

This diploma thesis deals with the use of the concept of age management in the corporate sphere. Due to the wide range of the entire corporate sphere, work has been narrowed down to service companies. The aim of the work was to find out factors influencing the efficiency of employees of individual age categories, to find information about the current state of use of age management and to formulate recommendations for the age management application for the management of companies operating in the field of services. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research was used to fulfill the aim of the thesis. Within the framework of qualitative research, 10 interviews with managers and personnel of selected companies were carried out and a questionnaire survey took place as part of quantitative research. The data from both forms of research was elaborated and results achieved the fulfillment of the main goal of the work, which was formulating suggestions and recommendations serving the management of companies operating in the field of services for successful application of age management.

Indirect discrimination against contractors in public tenders ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the legal regulation of public procurement and focuses on the issues of indirect discrimination of contractors in public tenders and the fact that some economic operators cannot participate in procurement procedures due to unjust obstacles to competition laid down by the contracting authorities. One of the main principles of procurement, principle of non-discrimination is described in detail with a use of opinions of stated by the national courts, the Court of Justice of the European Union and in the decisions of the Office for the Protection of Competition in particular. The author of the thesis tries to describe the means of indirect discrimination that occurred in the past procurement procedures within the area of European Union. Discriminatory behavior of the contracting authorities is captured in a comprehensible way and the author shows practical examples to the reader. That all helps to illustrate why the contracting authority's specific behavior was not in compliance with the rules set out in public procurement. It is the analysis of the decision-making practice of the Office for the Protection of Competition, case-law of the national courts and the European Court of Justice that provides an insight into...

This work is analysing discrimination of ethnic minorities in the Czech labour market between the years 2000 and 2009. Differences in employment rates between immigrants and natives are investigated using the EU LFS data. The empirical part is devoted to the verification of hypotheses and assumptions. By applying both, simple statistical methods and robust regressions, we obtain consistent results confirming the discrimination against foreigners in the labour market. The examination of employment rates of the immigrants by gender shows that men have in most cases better economic position than women. Furthermore, employment of foreigners in relation to the reached level of education is monitored, indicating the discrimination of immigrant workers with college degrees. Interesting is the outcome of the investigation of the change in the data after the breakthrough in 2004, when the Czech Republic along with other Eastern and Central European countries joined the European Union. Although the differences in employment rates of foreigners and natives are mainly obvious till 2004, since 2005 foreigners' employment rates have often increased. After a closer examination, this change can be ascribed rather to changes in the composition of immigrant or in migration trends influenced by the EU accession than...

The term affirmative action (U. S. English), or positive discrimination (British English) means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, politics and business from which they had been historically excluded. In search for the roots of affirmative action I start at the very beginning of the US history describing institutionalized forms of slavery and later move on to segregation to demonstrate how deep and strong this exclusion was. Since the late 1960s this expression has been used to refer to policies that go beyond the simple prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race, national origin and sex in employment practices and educational system. These policies require further actions, affirmative actions, to make jobs and promotions and admissions to educational programs available to individuals from groups that have historically suffered from discrimination in gaining these opportunities or are, whether discriminated against or not by formal policies and informal practices, infrequently found in certain occupations or educational institutions and programs. In an effort to create an unprejudiced picture of this phenomenon of American modern society, I try to open my work for arguments of both sides, the proponents and the...

The impact of Directive 2004/38 upon the free movement of nationals of the European Union with regard to relevant case-law of the European Court of Justice This diploma thesis deals with impact of Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States on the freedom of movement. The first chapter of thesis aims to cover main points of development of the right to free movement. From the right of workers as an economic factor to the general right of every citizen of Europe. As far as the introducing of the European Union Citizenship was very important point for the development of right to free movement, this chapter also concerns evaluation of this phenomenon. Further this chapter contains analysis of the most important cases rendered by the Court of Justice of the European Union which affected the right of free movement mainly since European Union Citizenship has been established. The second chapter is the core of this thesis. It comprises analysis of the text of Directive 2004/38. It is giving a complete elaboration on the subject of Directive, beneficients of rights, conditions and rights. As far as the Directive 2004/38 is repealing number of...

My thesis is focused on the prohibition of discrimination in labor relations. This topic is very large and in future its content will continue to expand. Discrimination occurs in all areas of human life, dangerous a frequently occurring is in the area of labor relations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze legislation of anti-discrimination law in area of labor relations. I will also deal with analyzes of important judgments of the Court of justice of the EU and of the Czech courts. The first chapter defines the basic concepts, which related to the topic of thesis. The second chapter deals with issue of discrimination in labor relations in international law. International legislation is divided on the basis of international organizations that issued these rules. It's mainly United Nations, the Council of Europe and from the area of international organizations which related with labor law, it is International Labour Organization. The third chapter presents anti-discrimination law and case law in the European Union and its impact on the law of the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter deals with the prohibition of discrimination in labor relations in the framework of the legislation in the Czech Republic. There is also described the development of the prohibition of discrimination in Czech legislation. I will...

The aim of this thesis is to depict the social and political state of South Africa during the apartheid and after in two novels, Dance with a Poor Man's Daughter (1998) by Pamela Jooste and Disgrace (1999) by J. M. Coetzee. The Theoretical Part analyses the apartheid as a political ideology which is based on racial segregation and its projection in ordinary life. The Practical Part shows concrete features of apartheid and post-apartheid in the aforementioned novels.

Diploma thesis "The Position of Woman in Judaism and Islam with Respect to Human Rights" deals with the status of woman in traditional religious communities. It points out the disparity between the status of woman and man, often inadequate concept of universal human rights. The work focuses on human rights itself, from the perspective of religion and from the perspective of the West. It shows their similarities and differences. Part of the work is devoted to the status of woman from ancient times until the present. A large part is devoted to the status of woman in traditional family and her obligations towards man. Mainly discusses marriage and divorce. Does not forget to even mention the current state of women's status in Israel and Saudi Arabia, as the dominant religious leaders. In this work are interpreted true testimony of women about their status. We will meet both responses, the positive and the negative.