Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-31T16:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCGRF.pdf: 1149604 bytes, checksum: 8b0a42d65883e0af42693ac90b36059a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-31T18:41:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCGRF.pdf: 1149604 bytes, checksum: 8b0a42d65883e0af42693ac90b36059a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-31T18:41:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCGRF.pdf: 1149604 bytes, checksum: 8b0a42d65883e0af42693ac90b36059a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T19:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCGRF.pdf: 1149604 bytes, checksum: 8b0a42d65883e0af42693ac90b36059a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this work we study conformally flat hypersurfaces f: M3 ^ Q4(c) with three distinct principal curvatures in a space form with constant sectional curvature c, under the assumption that either its mean curvature H or its scalar curvature S is constant. In case H is constant, first we extend to any c G R a theorem due to Defever when c = 0 and show that there is no such hypersurface if H = 0. Our main results are for the minimal case H = 0. If c = 0, we prove that f (M3) is an open subset of a generalized cone over a Clifford torus in an umbilical hypersurface Q4(c) C Q4(c), c > 0, with c > c if c > 0. For c = 0, we show that, besides the cone over the Clifford torus in S3 C R4, there exists precisely a one-parameter family of (congruence classes of) minimal isometric immersions f: M3 ^ R4 with three distinct principal curvatures of simply-connected conformally flat Riemannian manifolds. Assuming S to be constant, we only study the case c = 0. We prove that f (M3) is an open subset of a cylinder over a surface of nonzero constant Gauss curvature in R3. / Nesta tese estudamos hipersuperfícies conformemente euclidianas f : M3 ^ Q4(c), com três curvaturas principais distintas e curvatura média H ou curvatura escalar S constante, em formas espaciais com curvatura seccional c. No caso em que a curvatura média H é constante, inicialmente estendemos para c arbitrário um resultado provado por Defever [10] quando c =0 e mostramos que uma tal hipersuperfície não existe se H = 0. Nossos principais resultados são para o caso mínimo H = 0. Se c = 0, mostramos que f (M3) é um subconjunto aberto de um cone generalizado sobre um toro de Clifford em uma hipersuperfície umbílica Q3(c) C Q4(c), c > 0, com c > c se c > 0. Para c = 0, mostramos que, além do cone sobre o toro de Clifford em S3 C R4, existe precisamente uma família a 1-parâmetro de hipersuperfícies conformemente euclidianas com três curvaturas principais distintas duas a duas não congruentes, sendo o cone sobre o toro de Clifford o elemento singular da família. No caso em que a curvatura escalar é constante, estudamos apenas o caso c = 0. Mostramos, nesse caso, que f (M3) é um subconjunto aberto de um cilindro sobre uma superfície de curvatura Gaussiana constante do espaço euclidiano R3.

[pt] O presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação das metodologias de análise de estabilidade para taludes rochosos de grande altura comumente aplicados dentro do mundo da mineração. Mostra os principais fatores que influem dentro de uma análise de estabilidade como são a determinação das propriedades geomecânicas do maciço rochoso (rocha intacta e descontinuidades) e a caracterização geológica estrutural da região estudada. Esses parâmetros geralmente são obtidos a partir de ensaios de laboratório e de campo, além da informação que fornecem os mapeamentos geológicos. Outra forma de determinar estas propriedades de resistência é através de retro-análises em regiões onde tenha ocorrido algum tipo de colapso ou pela recopilação de dados que foram utilizados em análises anteriores e possam ser extrapolados. Também é apresentado um passo a passo das distintas etapas de um estudo de estabilidade e a obtenção de dados que finalizam na aplicação de softwares especializados na área de geotécnia e geomecânica, os quais permitirão determinar e pré-visualizar os possíveis problemas de instabilidade dentro dos taludes de um pit mineiro. Serão apresentados dois tipos de análises de estabilidade, o primeiro baseado na teoria do método de equilíbrio limite, o qual procura a possível superfície crítica de deslizamento dentro de um talude e que, condiciona a estabilidade da parede aos valores do fator de segurança. A segundo análise está relacionada com um modelo numérico, o qual aplica o método de elementos distintos ou de blocos, que permite a aplicação de um modelo constitutivo que descreva o comportamento dos materiais e das descontinuidades dentro do maciço rochoso, fornecendo como resultados a pré-visualização de variação de deslocamentos e vetores de velocidade para cada etapa de escavação. / [en] This thesis presents the application of procedures for the stability analysis of high slopes commonly applied in the mining world. It presents the main parameters that influence the stability analysis: determination of the rock mass geomechanical properties (intact rock and discontinuities) and the geological structures characterization of the studied region. These parameters generally are the result of laboratory and field tests, in addition, the information about the geological mapping. Another procedure for determining the properties strength may be through a back analysis of a collapsed zone or extrapolation of a data compilation from previous analyses. Apart from strength parameter determination and concept applying of rock mechanics, this research describes step by step the different stages of a stability analysis and its obtained data, this work then finishes with a geotechnical and geomechanical software application, which will determines and previews slope stability problems for a mining pit. This thesis includes two stability analysis procedures: the first method applies the limit equilibrium theory, which looks for the critical failure surface that depends on depends on a factor of safety. The second one applies a numerical model that uses distinct element method, which through a constitutive model, describes how the materials and discontinuities behave in a rock mass, obtaining as a result, the displacement and velocity vectors for each excavation stage.

Subject of this thesis is design and implementation of an algorithm, capable of distinct feature based comparision of two weapon cartridge casing  images. In the first section it looks into the issue of fi- rearms with special emphasis on ballistic traces. In following parts it presents design and imple- mentation of scanning unit for acquisition of such images and their processing and design and excuti- on of the comparation algorithm. In the conclusion there is an evaluation of goals achieved and possi- bilities for further development.

No description available.

The distinct element method (DEM) is a useful tool in rock engineering to model jointed rock masses. To simulate a jointed rock mass realistically, the main challenge is to be able to capture its complex geometry which consists of blocks with various shapes and sizes, and to model the interactions between these blocks. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of novel algorithms in the DEM to model jointed rock masses, namely rock slicing procedures for block generation, and algorithms for contact detection between polygonal blocks in 2-D or polyhedral blocks in 3-D. These algorithms make use of convex optimisation techniques, for which there exist efficient solution procedures. They do not rely on conventional vertex-edge-face hierarchical data structures and tedious housekeeping algorithms. The algorithms have been verified against analytical and numerical solutions, as well as validated against experimental results published in the literature. Among those, the results of DEM simulations were compared against the experimental model tests and numerical simulations of jointed beams carried out by Talesnick et al. (2007) and Tsesarsky & Talesnick (2007) respectively. Emphasis was placed on modelling the stiffness of the block interfaces accurately, and this was accomplished by reinterpreting the laboratory data published by the investigators. The capabilities of the numerical tools are also examined and demonstrated in areas for which the DEM has found practical application. A substantial fraction of this thesis is devoted to illustrating how these tools can assist the engineer in designing support systems; for example, designing the length and spacing of rock bolts and the lining thickness for a tunnel. Algorithms to model rock bolt and lining support were implemented for this purpose. Interesting comparisons with elastic solutions for supported openings were obtained. Further, it is shown that the relative benefit of introducing more rock bolts or thicker lining can be evaluated using the numerical tools with the aid of an interaction diagram. In the final part of this thesis, the case history of the 1963 Vaiont rock slide in Italy is studied. The 2-D analyses led to useful insights concerning the influence of the reservoir water level, the rock mass strength and deformability, and the slide surface shear stiffness. 3-D analyses were undertaken to investigate the influence of the eastern boundary of the slope, and interesting insights were obtained concerning the slope kinematics. Overall, the case study shows that the tools are capable of modelling problems with specific physical and geometrical detail in both 2-D and 3-D.

O presente trabalho trata do problema integrado de dimensionamento e sequenciamento de lotes de produção. O processo de dimensionar e sequenciar lotes de produção consiste em determinar quanto produzir de cada produto e a sequência de produção desses lotes em cada máquina a cada período a fim de atender a uma demanda prevista sob as condições e capacidades operacionais existentes. O caso estudado nesse trabalho aborda o cenário de uma empresa de grande porte da indústria de bens de consumo de higiene pessoal, um mercado bastante concorrido no qual o bom nível de serviço de atendimento e a gestão de custos mostram-se essenciais na competição pelos clientes. Nessa empresa, existe um ambiente operacional complexo, composto por máquinas distintas em paralelo com capacidade limitada de produção cujos tempos de preparação (setup) são dependentes da sequência de produção, além de uma restrição de capacidade de armazenagem dos produtos fabricados, característica não encontrada na literatura existente. Os clientes permitem que ocorram atrasos de atendimento da demanda, porém isso é extremamente indesejável. Esse tipo de problema é NP-difícil, sendo geralmente tratado na literatura por heurísticas. Nesse trabalho, elaboramos nove diferentes estratégias de resolução baseadas na heurística relax-and-fix. O objetivo é, não somente resolver um problema real complexo, como também avaliar se o modo de articionamento e a sequência de resolução dos subproblemas influencia no desempenho da heurística. Os testes computacionais foram conduzidos em instâncias geradas aleatoriamente e em casos reais. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho e robustez da abordagem proposta. Técnicas alternativas foram aplicadas na estratégia com os melhores resultados para potencializar seu desempenho. / This work adresses the integrated lot sizing and scheduling problem. The process of lot sizing and scheduling consists of determining how much to produce of each product and the scheduling of these lots in each machine in order to meet the demand under existing restrictions and operational capabilities. The case studied in this work describes the scenario of a big company in the industry of consumer goods for personal hygiene, a very competitive market in which the good service level for customers and the cost management show up in the competition for the clients. In this company, there is a complex operational environment, composed of distinct parallel machines with limited production capacity and sequence dependente setup times. There is also a limited finished goods storage capacity, a characteristic not found in the existing literature. Backordering is allowed but it is extremely undesirable. This problem is NP-hard and it has been treated by heuristics in the literature. In this work, we developed nine different solving strategies based on the relax-and-fix heuristics. The aim of this approach is not only to solve a complex real problem but also assess whether the form of partitioning and the sequence of solving the subproblems influences the performance of the relax-and-fix heuristics. The computational experiments were conducted on ramdomly generated instances and real problems. The results showed the good performance and the robustness of the proposed approach. Alternative techniques were applied in the strategy with the best results in the previous tests to enhance its performance.

實驗設計中，我們假設在區塊中存在一趨勢效應(trend effect)。此趨勢效應影響觀察值，也影響我們對區塊效應(block effect)和處理效應(treatment effect)的估計。此種設計模式不同於一般的區塊設計模式，因此須將趨勢效應加人設計模式中。 　　Bradley and Yeh (1980)研究和討論此種趨勢效應在區塊設計模式中之影響，並定義出無趨勢設計(trend-free design)。所謂無趨勢設計，乃是在區塊設計模式中，趨勢效應被抵消不影響處理效應之分析。Bradley and Yeh (1983)推導了一個線性無趨勢設計存在的必要條件是r(k+1)≡0(mod 2)其中k為區塊大小，r為處理出現的次數。 　　Bradley and Yeh進一步預測任一滿足r(k+1)≡0(mod2)的區塊設計，經過在區塊中處理位置調整後，可變為一個線性無趨勢設計。本篇論文的主要目的乃是在探討給定一GD設計(group-divisibledesigns)，檢驗和推導此預測是否為真。 / Yeh and Bradley conjectured that every binary connected block design with blocks of size k and a constant replication numberr for each treatment can be converted to a linear trend-free design by permuting the positions of theatments within blocks if and only if r(k+1)≡0 (mod 2). Chai and Majumdar (1993) proved that any BIB design which satisfies r(k+1)≡0 (mod 2) is even can be converted to a linear trend-free design. In this thesis, we want to examine this conjecture is true or not for group-divisible designs (GD designs).

A l'opposé du dimensionnement de fondations d'ouvrages sur les sols, régi par des règles de calcul validées, le dimensionnement de fondations au rocher est mal maîtrisé. Jusqu'à présent, ceci n'a pas posé de problème majeur, car le dimensionnement de fondations se trouvait plutôt limité par la résistance du béton que par celle du massif rocheux. Mais la construction d'ouvrages d'art de plus en plus majestueux nécessite aujourd'hui une meilleure connaissance de ce domaine de la mécanique des roches. La première partie recense les méthodes les mieux adaptées pour déterminer la déformabilité et la résistance d'un massif rocheux. Elle présente les différentes méthodes de dimensionnement de fondations superficielle et semi-profonde au rocher. Enfin, elle analyse les textes réglementaires français et étrangers. Il existe peu de méthodes de dimensionnement de fondations qui tiennent compte du caractère discontinu des massifs rocheux ; le cas de fondations soumises à des efforts latéraux et à des moments renversants n'est quasiment pas traité. La deuxième partie consiste en l'analyse numérique du comportement de fondations superficielle et semi-profonde sur massif rocheux à l'aide du code de calcul par éléments distincts UDEC. Les résultats montrent que les discontinuités du massif rocheux ont un rôle primordial sur le comportement sous effort incliné de fondations semi-profondes. Selon leur pendage, les discontinuités peuvent diminuer considérablement la charge limite admissible. Quelques modèles analytiques simples à peu de blocs sont ensuite proposés, afin d'estimer - pour un dimensionnement préliminaire - la charge limite de rupture d'un puits marocain sous effort latéral. Les résultats numériques obtenus sont bidimensionnels; les résultats tridimensionnels peuvent être estimés à l'aide de coefficients de transfert 2D/3D, qu'il serait intéressant de vérifier à l'aide d'un code de calcul par éléments distincts tridimensionnel. Enfin, il serait nécessaire de valider les résultats de modélisation numérique sur un site réel.

Perhaps the most flexible synopsis of a database is a uniform random sample of the data; such samples are widely used to speed up the processing of analytic queries and data-mining tasks, to enhance query optimization, and to facilitate information integration. Most of the existing work on database sampling focuses on how to create or exploit a random sample of a static database, that is, a database that does not change over time. The assumption of a static database, however, severely limits the applicability of these techniques in practice, where data is often not static but continuously evolving. In order to maintain the statistical validity of the sample, any changes to the database have to be appropriately reflected in the sample. In this thesis, we study efficient methods for incrementally maintaining a uniform random sample of the items in a dataset in the presence of an arbitrary sequence of insertions, updates, and deletions. We consider instances of the maintenance problem that arise when sampling from an evolving set, from an evolving multiset, from the distinct items in an evolving multiset, or from a sliding window over a data stream. Our algorithms completely avoid any accesses to the base data and can be several orders of magnitude faster than algorithms that do rely on such expensive accesses. The improved efficiency of our algorithms comes at virtually no cost: the resulting samples are provably uniform and only a small amount of auxiliary information is associated with the sample. We show that the auxiliary information not only facilitates efficient maintenance, but it can also be exploited to derive unbiased, low-variance estimators for counts, sums, averages, and the number of distinct items in the underlying dataset. In addition to sample maintenance, we discuss methods that greatly improve the flexibility of random sampling from a system's point of view. More specifically, we initiate the study of algorithms that resize a random sample upwards or downwards. Our resizing algorithms can be exploited to dynamically control the size of the sample when the dataset grows or shrinks; they facilitate resource management and help to avoid under- or oversized samples. Furthermore, in large-scale databases with data being distributed across several remote locations, it is usually infeasible to reconstruct the entire dataset for the purpose of sampling. To address this problem, we provide efficient algorithms that directly combine the local samples maintained at each location into a sample of the global dataset. We also consider a more general problem, where the global dataset is defined as an arbitrary set or multiset expression involving the local datasets, and provide efficient solutions based on hashing.

Le mouvement de Séchilienne est situé à une trentaine de kilomètre au sud-est de l'agglomération grenobloise sur la bordure Sud du Massif de Belledonne. Il affecte le versant rocheux en rive droite de la vallée alpine de la Romanche façonné par les nombreux cycles de glaciation et déglaciation et qui lors de la dernière phase glaciaire a été complètement recouvert par le glacier. Le raidissement des pentes et l'approfondissement du pied du versant associés au phénomène de décompression affectant le versant et correspondant au relâchement des contraintes liées à la disparition progressive du glacier seraient donc les facteurs prédominants dans l'initiation et l'évolution du mouvement de Séchilienne. Les récentes contraintes temporelles obtenues sur l'escarpement sommital ont cependant montré une initiation différée du mouvement par rapport à la déglaciation et suggèrent une initiation lors de l'Optimum climatique de l'Holocène suite à une modification brusque du climat. L'initiation et l'évolution de grands mouvements de versants rocheux en domaine montagneux peuvent être le résultat de la contribution de différents facteurs géologiques (la fracturation, la lithologie ou le régime tectonique), géomorphologiques (relief, pente) mais également de facteurs de forçage externe tels que les séismes, le pergélisol, les variations hydrologiques, le retrait du glacier ou encore les effets climatiques. Ces facteurs étant tous potentiellement actifs sur le mouvement de Séchilienne, l'identification des facteurs contrôlant l'initiation et l'évolution du mouvement et pouvant expliquer le délai observé entre la déglaciation et l'initiation du mouvement est donc délicate.Nous avons donc pour cela mené une étude multidisciplinaire permettant à partir (1) des données géophysiques et d'essais en laboratoire de déterminer en profondeur les limites du mouvement et d'évaluer le volume déstabilisé ainsi que son état de déstructuration, (2) d'une analyse de la structure détaillée du versant en surface et en profondeur de préciser l'origine des fractures observées mais également leur rôle de contrôle sur le mouvement (3) d'une analyse géomorphologique des objets présents à la surface du versant, d'identifier de discrétiser et de sélectionner les structures glaciaires et gravitaires sur lesquels nous avons par la suite appliqué la méthode de datation permettant ainsi d'obtenir le modèle cinématique du retrait du glacier de la Romanche le long du versant de Séchilienne et de l'initiation et de l'évolution du mouvement (4) d'une modélisation thermique du versant basée sur la courbe d'évolution des températures reconstruite depuis la dernière phase glaciaire quaternaire de caractériser la géométrie et la persistance du pergélisol depuis la dernière phase glaciaire jusqu'à la période actuelle.La confrontation de l'ensemble de ces résultats et leur replacement dans le contexte climatique régnant depuis la dernière phase glaciaire il ya 21000ans jusqu'à l'actuelle permet ainsi de proposer un modèle conceptuel de l'initiation et de l'évolution du mouvement de Séchilienne et du rôle des différents facteurs étudiés. Le mouvement se serait donc initié suite à la décompression du versant en réponse au retrait du glacier. La mise en place et le développement du pergélisol au sein du versant aurait cependant limité la propagation du mouvement en renforçant mécaniquement le versant. Son action ne c'est cependant pas limitée à renforcer le versant mais aurait également sur une échelle de temps plus importante favoriser l'endommagement et l'affaiblissement mécanique de la zone affecté imposant ainsi au mouvement sa géométrie actuelle. / The Sechilienne landslide is located thirty kilometers at the Southeast of Grenoble on the Southern edge of the massif of Belledonne. It affects the rock slope on the right bank of the Romanche alpine valley shaped by many cycles of glaciation and deglaciation and which was completely covered by the glacier during the last glacial phase. The oversteepening of the slopes and the deepening of the foot of the slope associated with the phenomenon of debutressing affecting the slope and corresponding to the lateral stress release resulting from ice melting would be so predominant factors in the initiation and development of the Sechilienne landslide. However the recent temporal constraints obtained on the scarp showed a delayed motion relative to the initiation and deglaciation suggest initiation during the Holocene climatic Optimum after a sudden climate change. The initiation and evolution of large movements of rock slopes in mountainous area may be the result of the contribution of different geological factors (fracturing , lithology or tectonic regime) , geomorphology (relief, slope) but also external forcing factors such as earthquakes , permafrost , hydrological changes , the glacier disappearance or climatic effects. These factors are all potentially active in the Sechilienne landslide, so the identification of factors controlling the initiation and development of the movement and which can explain the delay observed between deglaciation and the initiation of movement is tricky.Therefore, we conducted a multidisciplinary study from (1) geophysical data and laboratory tests to determine the depth limits of the mass movement and to assess the volume and the breakdown state, (2) an analysis of the detailed structures of the slope at the surface and in depth to identify the origin of the observed fractures and also their role in the control of the movement (3) a geomorphological analysis of objects on the surface of the slope to discretize , to identify and to select the glacial and gravitational structures on which then we applied the datation method to obtain the kinematic model of the Romanche glacier retreat along the slope of Séchilienne and of the initiation and the evolution of the movement (4) a thermal modeling of the slope based on the temperature curve proposed since the last quaternary glacial stage to characterize the geometry and the persistence of permafrost since the last glacial phase to the current period.The comparison of all these results and their replacement in the climatic conditions prevailing since the last glacial stage 21000 years ago to the present, allows to propose a conceptual model for the initiation and the evolution of Séchilienne landslide and the role of the various studied factors. So, the landslide would be initiated by slope debutressing in response to the glacier retreat. However the establishment and the development of the permafrost within the slope would limit the propagation of the movement by reinforcing mechanically the slope.