Les approches basées sur les modèles de champ moyen reproduisent avec succès certaines propriétés nucléaires comme les masses et les rayons, dans le cadre des théories de la fonctionnelle de la densité pour l'énergie (EDF). Cependant, plusieurs corrélations complexes sont absentes dans les théories de champ moyen et un certain nombre d'observables liées aux propriétés à une particule et collectives des systèmes nucléoniques ne peuvent pas être prédites avec précision. La nécessité de fournir une description précise des données disponibles ainsi que des prévisions fiables dans les régions exotiques de la carte nucléaire motive l'utilisation de modèles plus sophistiqués, qui vont au-delà du champ moyen. Des corrélations et des corrections d'ordre supérieur (au-delà du premier ordre, qui représente l'approximation de champ moyen) sont introduites dans ces modèles. Un aspect crucial dans ces calculs est le choix de l'interaction efficace qui doit être utilisée quand on va au-delà du premier ordre (les interactions efficaces existantes sont généralement ajustées avec des calculs de champ moyen). Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous traitons l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire, évaluée jusqu'au deuxième ordre avec la force phénoménologique de Skyrme. Nous analysons la divergence ultraviolette qui est liée à la portée nulle de l'interaction et nous introduisons des interactions régularisées de type Skyrme qui peuvent être utilisées au deuxième ordre. Des procédures de régularisation avec un cutoff et des techniques de régularisation dimensionnelle sont analysées et appliquées. Dans le cas de la régularisation dimensionnelle, des connexions sont naturellement établies entre le cadre EDF et des techniques employées dans les théories de champ effectives. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous vérifions si les interactions régularisées introduites pour la matière nucléaire peuvent être utilisées également pour les noyaux finis. A titre d'illustration, cette analyse est effectuée dans le modèle de couplage particule vibration, qui représente un exemple de modèle qui va au-delà de l'approximation de champ moyen, où une divergence ultraviolette apparaît si des forces de portée nulle sont utilisées. Ces premières applications suggèrent plusieurs directions à explorer pour fournir à plus long terme des interactions régularisées qui sont bien adaptés pour les calculs au-delà du champ moyen pour les noyaux finis. Les conclusions et des perspectives sont illustrées à la fin du manuscrit. / Mean-field approaches successfully reproduce nuclear bulk properties like masses and radii within the Energy Density Functional (EDF) framework. However, complex correlations are missing in mean-field theories and several observables related to single-particle and collective nuclear properties cannot be predicted accurately. The necessity to provide a precise description of the available data as well as reliable predictions in the exotic regions of the nuclear chart motivates the use of more sophisticated beyond-mean-field models. Correlations and higher-order corrections (beyond the leading mean-field order) are introduced. A crucial aspect in these calculations is the choice of the effective interaction to be used when one goes beyond the leading order (available effective interactions are commonly adjusted at the mean-field level). In the first part, we deal with the equation of state of nuclear matter evaluated up to the second order with the phenomenological Skyrme force. We analyze the ultraviolet divergence that is related to the zero range of the interaction and we introduce Skyrme-type regularized interactions that can be used at second order for matter. Cutoff regularization and dimensional regularization techniques are explored and applied. In the latter case, connections are naturally established between the EDF framework and some techniques employed in Effective Field Theories. In the second part, we check whether the regularized interactions introduced for nuclear matter can be employed also for finite nuclei. As an illustration, this analysis is performed within the particle-vibration model that represents an example of beyond mean-field models where an ultraviolet divergence appears if zero-range forces are used. These first applications suggest several directions to be explored to finally provide regularized interactions that are specially tailored for beyond-mean-field calculations for finite nuclei. Conclusions and perspectives are finally illustrated.

This thesis presents work around 3 themes: dark energy, gravitational waves and Bayesian inference. Both dark energy and gravitational wave physics are not yet well constrained. They present interesting challenges for Bayesian inference, which attempts to quantify our knowledge of the universe given our astrophysical data. A dark energy equation of state reconstruction analysis finds that the data favours the vacuum dark energy equation of state $w {=} -1$ model. Deviations from vacuum dark energy are shown to favour the super-negative ‘phantom’ dark energy regime of $w {< } -1$, but at low statistical significance. The constraining power of various datasets is quantified, finding that data constraints peak around redshift $z = 0.2$ due to baryonic acoustic oscillation and supernovae data constraints, whilst cosmic microwave background radiation and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest constraints are less significant. Specific models with a conformal time symmetry in the Friedmann equation and with an additional dark energy component are tested and shown to be competitive to the vacuum dark energy model by Bayesian model selection analysis: that they are not ruled out is believed to be largely due to poor data quality for deciding between existing models. Recent detections of gravitational waves by the LIGO collaboration enable the first gravitational wave tests of general relativity. An existing test in the literature is used and sped up significantly by a novel method developed in this thesis. The test computes posterior odds ratios, and the new method is shown to compute these accurately and efficiently. Compared to computing evidences, the method presented provides an approximate 100 times reduction in the number of likelihood calculations required to compute evidences at a given accuracy. Further testing may identify a significant advance in Bayesian model selection using nested sampling, as the method is completely general and straightforward to implement. We note that efficiency gains are not guaranteed and may be problem specific: further research is needed.

The text deals with the current state of the language of the Czech minority in Crimea. Based on field research, it describes phenomena and changes that occurred in the language of Crimean Czechs that were caused by the influences of the foreign language and culture environment. Main focus of the text is phonetics, i.e. the way how speakers are affected by the Russian pronunciation standards. The text contains historical and cultural context relevant to the departure of Czechs to Crimea and the shape of the Czech minority nowadays. Individual chapters are dedicated to specific phenomena: deviations in the pronunciation of vocals in first syllables of words, changes in the pronunciation of the consonant [j], labialization in pronunciation of consonant [v], changes in the pronunciation of loanwords, pronunciation of consonants [ ] and [ ] in Czech words, pronunciation of toponyms, prosthesis and elimination of speech sounds from the beginning of words, deviations in the pronunciation of speech sounds from the middle of words, vocalization of prepositions and influences of Russian language standards on the use of their vocalized form.

Nowadays, the near-horizon regions of black holes have enjoyed great attention thanks to their role in the popular AdS/CFT correspondence and their specific geometry suitable for formulations of uniqueness theorems in higher dimensions. A strictly general-relativistic point of view reveals also many interesting phenomena taking place near black-hole horizons. Our aim was to investigate how horizon multiplicity affects near-horizon geometry, geodesical distance, radial motion of photons and massive, charged particles, and also the possibility of collision processes leading to unbound collision energies near the horizon. We chose the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter metric, which, on the one hand, is simple thanks to being static and spherically symmetric but which, on the other hand, is rich enough to enable the existence of up to a doubly degenerate ultra-extreme horizon. After discussing the physical feasibility of the near-horizon limit, we applied it to single, double, and triple horizons, their near-horizon geometries, and local collision processes. We found continuous coordinate systems covering all types of horizons and analytic solutions for motion of radial photons and special or critical, massive, charged particles in their vicinity. We addressed particle collisions in the immediate vicinity of horizons...

This diploma thesis deals with inequalities within the Word economic development. The development is conceived in the context of world systems theory for the proper evaluation of this development. The question, whether there is a convergence or divergence across countries and groups of countries is an important question of contemporary studies of globalization. While proponents of modernization theory tend to say that countries converge, adherents of world systems theory mostly think the opposite. Another contribution of this work is the evaluation of economic development not based only on the production capabilities and growth. The approach is more complex and includes the development of the society as a whole. Therefore, Human development index was used for analysis and the researched period was set to 1980-2014 due to data availability. The analysis deals not only with inequalities between the parts of the world system, but partially also with inequalities within these parts. The theoretical part consists of discussion of the existing studies of world systems and economic development and explains the necessary terms and context. Practical part is made of own regionalization of the world into three parts of the world system (core, semiperiphery and periphery) based on criteria chosen according to...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Fidalgo.pdf: 16088782 bytes, checksum: e136f0aff41651cea382a81612b81f29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / This study aims to discuss the possibility of rescissory action based on article 485, V, of the Code of Civil Procedure, under the justification of jurisprudential divergence. It defends that the merit decision transited in rem judicatam may be rescinded if it is contrary to prevailing jurisprudence at the time, considering analogous situations and incurred in a similar historical and social moment, under penalty of offense to the principle of isonomy, not applicable the Supreme Court Precedent Nr. 343 as being unconstitutional. Under the same argument, it presents the possibility of rescissory action against decision that does not obey the binding precedent and decision contrary to prevailing jurisprudence determined later. It also defends the possibility of rescissory action against sentence based on rule of law later declared unconstitutional and against decision declaring unconstitutional rule of law later declared constitutional. The study is presented in three main parts. The first one relates to the concepts and legal nature of the rescissory action, its admissibility presuppositions and the traditional assumptions of rescissory action. The second part addresses the issue of the possibility of rescissory action based on jurisprudential divergence. Finally; the third part is dedicated to the concepts of the rescissory action elements (parties, cause of action and claim - ius rescindens and ius rescissorium), as well as it address the jurisdiction and the suspension of effects of the rescinded decision / O presente 'trabalho tem por objeto discutir a possibilidade de ação rescisória, fundamentada no artigo 485, V, do Código de Processo Civil, sob a, justificativa de -', divergência jurisprudencial. Defende que a decisão de mérito transitada em julgado pode ser rescindida se for contrária à jurisprudência dominante à época, considerando situações análogas e havidas em um idêntico momento histórico e social, sob pena de ofensa ao princípio da isonomia, não sendo aplicável a Súmula. 343 do STF, por ser inconstitucional. Sob esse mesmo argumento, apresenta a possibilidade de ação rescisória contra decisão que não obedecer a súmula vinculante, além de decisão contrária a jurisprudência dominante fixada posteriormente. Também defende a possibilidade de ação rescisória contra sentença fundada em norma posteriormente declarada inconstitucional e contra decisão que considerou inconstitucional norma posteriormente declarada constitucional. O trabalho se apresenta em três grandes partes. A primeira diz respeito aos conceitos e natureza jurídica da ação rescisória, seus pressupostos de admissibilidade e as hipóteses tradicionais da ação rescisória. Na segunda parte, aborda o tema da possibilidade de ação rescisória fundamentada em Divergência jurisprudencial. Por fim, a parte final é dedicada aos conceitos da competência da ação rescisória e da suspensão dos efeitos da decisão rescindenda

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本研究針對臺灣摩根指數的成分股進行分析，研究樣本期間從2008年至2010年，合計三個年度，正好歷經景氣的一個多空循環週期。本研究利用技術指標作為判讀多空的工具，技術指標包含價與量的技術分析工具，價格的技術指標有趨勢指標MA、擺盪指標KD與MACD，量的技術指標則是OBV。並利用優化的方式挑選出合適的參數值。本研究的風險控管則是控管個股的偏離程度，當允許的偏離程度愈大，模型便愈能區別出強勢股與弱勢股，風險的衡量指標則是採用年化追蹤誤差值來衡量，本研究設定的限制條件為最大累積年化追蹤誤差值不得超越6%。 實證結果發現，當模組的模型年化追蹤誤差值設定愈大，個股的偏離程度就愈大，模組的報酬表現就愈佳，但同樣的風險也愈大，即年化追蹤誤差值愈大。當模型年化追蹤誤差值設定在24%，並搭配MA、MACD與OBV三個技術指標得到的績效最佳，同時亦能夠將風險控制在設定的6%水準之下。 / This study analyzed the component stocks in MSCI Taiwan Index. The analyzed data from 2008 to 2010 was exactly an economic cycle. The study was based on technical analysis, including price and volume to judge that the price was bullish or bearish. The price technical analysis included Moving Average (MA), Stochastic Line (KD) and Moving Average Convergence and Divergence (MACD). The volume technical analysis was On Balance Volume (OBV). The study used the method of optimization to choose the best parameter of each technical analysis. The risk control was to limit the bias of each stock. When the bias of each stock was larger, the model could easily distinguish the stock was bullish or bearish. The risk indicator was annual tracking error limited to 6% in the study. The empirical results showed that the larger the model annual tracking error set, the large bias the stock show, and the outperformance of the return. But with the performance of the return larger, the risk of tracking error was also getting larger. When the model annual tracking error set to 24%, and utilized MA, MACD and OBV would get the best performance and the risk of annual tracking error was under 6%.

Ce document synthétise un ensemble de travaux portant sur le développement et l'analyse de méthodes de volumes finis utilisées pour l'approximation numérique d'équations aux dérivées partielles issues de la physique. Le mémoire aborde dans sa première partie des schémas colocalisés de type Godunov d'une part pour les équations de l'électromagnétisme, et d'autre part pour l'équation des ondes acoustiques, avec une étude portant sur la perte de précision de ce schéma à bas nombre de Mach. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la construction d'opérateurs différentiels discrets sur des maillages bidimensionnels relativement quelconques, en particulier très déformés ou encore non-conformes, et à leur utilisation pour la discrétisation d'équations aux dérivées partielles modélisant des phénomènes de diffusion, d'électrostatique et de magnétostatique et d'électromagnétisme par des schémas de type volumes finis en dualité discrète (DDFV) sur maillages décalés. La troisième partie aborde ensuite l'analyse numérique et les estimations d'erreur a priori et a posteriori associées à la discrétisation par le schéma DDFV de l'équation de Laplace. La quatrième et dernière partie est consacrée à la question de l'ordre de convergence en norme $L^2$ de la solution numérique du problème de Laplace, issue d'une discrétisation volumes finis en dimension un et en dimension deux sur des maillages présentant des propriétés d'orthogonalité. L'étude met en évidence des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes relatives à la géométrie des maillages et à la régularité des données du problème afin d'obtenir la convergence à l'ordre deux de la méthode.

L'objet de cette thèse est de contribuer à améliorer l'identification automatique des instruments de musique dans des contextes réalistes, (sur des solos de musique, mais également sur des pièces multi-instrumentales). Nous abordons le problème suivant une approche de classification automatique en nous efforçant de rechercher des réalisations performantes des différents modules constituant le système que nous proposons. Nous adoptons un schéma de classification hiérarchique basé sur des taxonomies des instruments et des mélanges d'instruments. Ces taxonomies sont inférées au moyen d'un algorithme de clustering hiérarchique exploitant des distances probabilistes robustes qui sont calculées en utilisant une méthode à noyau. Le système exploite un nouvel algorithme de sélection automatique des attributs pour produire une description efficace des signaux audio qui, associée à des machines à vecteurs supports, permet d'atteindre des taux de reconnaissance élevés sur des pièces sonores reflétant la diversité de la pratique musicale et des conditions d'enregistrement rencontrées dans le monde réel. Notre architecture parvient ainsi à identifier jusqu'à quatre instruments joués simultanément, à partir d'extraits de jazz incluant des percussions.