A Babesia sp. isolated from eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) is morphologically similar and genetically identical, based on SSU rRNA gene comparisons, to two agents responsible for human babesiosis in North America and is closely related to the European parasite, Babesia divergens. The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA genes of Babesia isolates were sequenced and analyzed. The rRNA ITS region sequences of three isolates, one each from Kentucky, Massachusetts and Great Britain, considered Babesia divergens-like organisms, were compared to two Babesia microti isolates, two Babesia odocoilei isolates and a well defined Babesia divergens isolate. The two B. divergenslike isolates from North America shared identical rRNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences, and the clones of these isolates clustered into one clade in three phylogenetic analyses, suggesting that these isolates are conspecific. In vitro comparison of host erythrocyte specificity between the rabbit Babesia sp. and B. divergens was employed to discriminate between the two organisms and to determine the usefulness of in vitro techniques for Babesia sp. characterization. In vitro growth of the rabbit Babesia sp. was supported in human and cottontail rabbit erythrocytes, but not in bovine cells. Babesia divergens in vitro growth was supported in human and bovine erythrocytes, but not in cottontail rabbit cells. Morphological characteristics and size differences also distinguished the two parasites from one another. The erythrocyte specificity and parasite size differences reported in this study agree with previous in vivo results and validate the use of in vitro methods for characterization of Babesia species.

This study examines art teachers' challenges and opportunities and the impact of Lgr22 on art teachers' didacalicum in theory and practice. The study is based on three qualitative informant interviews carried out in an exchange of knowledge. The study's theoretical perspective connects through curriculum theory in three stages textual discourse, interpretive discourse with practical discourse. The result shows that Lgr22 is a development of Lgr11. The result shows that all informants agree that there has been a shift in Lgr22 from goals and exhibitions, to making visible to the students their learning process from idea via work process to results, where the student's testing and reassessment is in focus. This agrees well with today's research on learning. Lgr22 where it is stated that the visual arts teacher must start from the students' world of interests and their own visual culture. Several of the study's informants use the research-based idea of value-creating science to achieve this goal. In the study, their results go so far as to say that the new word combinations in Lgr22 contribute to creating, through an evolution, a new and forward-leaning tradition for the pictorial subject.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-30T15:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-08T13:16:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T13:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / CAPES / Neste estudo investigamos a similaridade entre comunidades de fungos endofíticos nas raízes de Paspalum wrightii e nas coabitantes Cyperus esculentus e Vockysia divergens coletadas no Pantanal norte do Brasil, além da atividade antimicrobiana das linhagens. Para tal, foi realizada a coleta das três espécies vegetais, e posteriormente foi realizado isolamento de fungos endofíticos presentes em suas raízes. Placas de Petri contendo meio mineral e plântulas assépticas de V. divergens foram utilizadas para a deposição de fragmentos de um cm de raízes após a desinfestação superficial. Durante 15 dias foi feito o isolamento dos fungos presentes, através da transferência para uma nova placa contendo meio de cultura batata dextrose ágar. A identificação foi realizada através de técnicas macro e micromorfológicas, além da confirmação com a extração de DNA e PCR. Seguiu-se então com o teste de endofitismo, que consistia em reinocular os fungos nas plântulas assépticas de V. divergens seguido de observação de estruturas típicas de DSE (hifa marrom septada e microesclerócio). A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através da inoculação dos fungos nas placas de Petri contendo inicialmente as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli e posteriormente com patógenos resistentes. Ainda utilizando-se raízes coletadas, essas foram diafanizadas e posteriormente foi realizado a contagem de estruturas típicas de fungos dark septate e micorrízico arbuscular. O solo da área da coleta também foi coletado, com intuito de realizar a contagem de esporos do mesmo, em placas de petri quadriculadas. Foi possível isolar 391 fungos das três espécies vegetais, sendo separados em 203 morfotipos diferentes e obtendo-se um total de 14 confirmados como sendo DSE. A identificação molecular confirmou a existência de 81 espécies diferentes, sendo separadas entre os filos Ascomycota (97,8%, das ordens Capnodiales, Chaetosphaeriales, Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Magnaporthales, Mycroascales, Pleosporales e Sordariales), Basidiomycota (1,1%, das ordens Agaricales e Tremellales) e Zygomycota (0,8% da ordem Mucorales), sendo Eurotiales a ordem mais abundante com 34,2%. Nove espécies eram compartilhadas entre C. esculentus e V. divergens.deste total 67,7% estavam conectando as raízes das plantas. A atividade inibitória contra patógenos resistentes a antibióticos foi observada em 19 morfotipos, demonstrando o grande potencial dos fungos endofíticos. A contagem de estruturas típicas de DSE e FMA mostrou que todas as espécies eram colonizadas por tais fungos. A contagem de esporos do solo mostrou uma quantidade superior ao encontrado na literatura, demonstrando a grande densidade de fungos tanto no solo como nas raízes de espécies presentes no Pantanal. Sugere-se um estudo mais aprofundado das variáveis e da diversidade para posterior entendimento da dinâmica de tais fungos presentes no Pantanal de Poconé/MT. / We investigated the similarity between communities of endophytic fungi in the roots of Paspalum wrightii and cohabiting in Cyperus esculentus and Vockysia divergens collected in northern Pantanal of Brazil, and the antimicrobial activity of the strains. To this end, the collection of the three plant species was performed, and was subsequently performed isolation of endophytic fungi present in their roots. Petri plates containing mineral and V. divergens aseptic seedlings were used for fragments of a deposition cm root after surface disinfection. For 15 days was done the isolation of fungi present, by transfer to a new plate containing culture medium potato dextrose agar. The identification was performed by macro and micromorphological techniques, besides confirming with the DNA extraction and PCR. Then followed with the endofitismo test, which consisted of re-inoculate the fungus aseptic seedlings of V. divergens followed by observation of typical structures of DSEs (brown septate hyphae and microesclerócio). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by inoculation of the fungus in petri dishes containing initially Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and subsequently with resistant pathogens. Still using roots collected, these were cleared and subsequently counting structures typical of dark septate fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal was performed. The soil in the area of collection was also collected in order to perform the spore count the same in the checkered petri plates. 391 It was possible to isolate fungi from the three plant species are separated into different morphotypes and 203 yielding a total of 14 confirmed as DSE. The molecular identification confirmed the existence of 81 different species, separated between the phyla Ascomycota (97.8% of orders Capnodiales, Chaetosphaeriales, Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Magnaporthales, Mycroascales, Pleosporales and Sordariales), Basidiomycota (1.1% of the orders Agaricales and Tremellales) and Zygomycota (Mucorales 0.8%) being the most abundant Eurotiales order with 34.2%. Nine species were shared between C. esculentus and V. divergens. deste overall 67.7% were connecting the plant roots. The inhibitory activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens was observed in 19 morphotypes, demonstrating the great potential of endophytic fungi. The count of typical structures AMF and DSE showed that all species were colonized by these fungi. The spore count of the soil showed a higher amount to that found in the literature, demonstrating the high density of fungi in the soil as the roots of species in the Pantanal. Further study of the variables and diversity for further understanding of the dynamics of such fungi present in the Pantanal of Poconé/MT is suggested.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-10T21:20:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gustavo Junior da Silva.pdf: 1402598 bytes, checksum: a396a5e3e1d4193850bc1360c4db5d4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T17:24:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gustavo Junior da Silva.pdf: 1402598 bytes, checksum: a396a5e3e1d4193850bc1360c4db5d4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T17:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gustavo Junior da Silva.pdf: 1402598 bytes, checksum: a396a5e3e1d4193850bc1360c4db5d4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / CAPES / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de recrutamento de Vochysia divergens Pohl através da dinâmica de inundação no Pantanal. Nós Testamos a hipótese da competição entre coortes, e se isto afetaria negativamente a densidade de indivíduos jovens. Também testamos a hipótese de crescimento desta espécie, onde procurávamos esclarecer se o crescimento desta espécie era maior durante o período da seca, devido esta espécie ser uma exigente de luz. Nossa amostragem foi realizada em sete parcelas permanentes na grade do Pirizal e complementadas com três parcelas no entorno da grade. Para a amostragem de plântulas e jovens foi utilizado uma faixa de 4 metros, sendo dois metros para cada lado da linha central da parcela (250 m). Para a identificação em campo destes indivíduos, utilizamos uma fita rotuladora (9 mm x 2m), onde todos os indivíduos foram etiquetados e as plântulas tiveram sua altura mensurada com uma régua. Para a amostragem de árvores adultas (DAP ≥ 5 cm) e juvenis (3 cm ≤ DAP < 5 cm ) utilizamos faixa de largura de 20 metros, sendo 10 metros para cada lado da linha central da parcela. Para medir o DAP utilizamos uma fita métrica. Para a identificação das arbóreas dentro das parcelas, foram utilizadas placas de alumínio devidamente numeradas. Modelos de regressão linear simples foram utilizados para indivíduos adultos e regressão de Poisson para os indivíduos jovens e juvenis, para determinar se a lâmina de água influenciava na densidade de indivíduos. Dentre as 10 parcelas levantadas neste trabalho, foram amostrados 3978 indivíduos de Vochysia divergens Pohl, sendo 2694 arbóreas, 1202 jovens e 82 juvenis. O efeito da enchente foi dependente da classe etária dos indivíduos, onde os indivíduos jovens e juvenis se mostraram mais sensíveis ao efeito da inundação. Em relação ao efeito dos indivíduos adultos sobre os jovens, notamos que sob baixa densidade de adultos, pode haver um baixo nível de recrutamento, quanto um alto nível recrutamento, mas sob alta densidade de adultos o recrutamento foi muito baixo. Concluímos que a inundação altera a densidade de indivíduos jovens e juvenis, mas em relação aos adultos este efeito não é notado. A densidade de indivíduos adultos afeta o desenvolvimento dos jovens restringindo recurso através da competição e sombreamento. O crescimento da espécie Vochysia divergens Pohl foi maior durante o período da seca, devido esta espécie possuir alta capacidade de fotossíntese, favorecendo o seu desenvolvimento de forma rápida. / The present study objective to verify the process of recruiting Vochysia divergens Poh lthrough dynamic flooding in wetland. We tested the hypothesis of competition between cohorts, and this negatively affect the density of young individuals. We also tested the hypothesis that growth of this species, which sought to clarify whether the growth of this species was higher during the dry season, because this species is a light demanding. Our sampling was performed in seven permanent plots in the grid Pirizal and supplemented with three plots around the grid. For the sampling of seedlings and young, we used a range of 4 meters, two meters either side of the centerline of the plot (250 m). For the identification of these individuals in the field, use a tape labeler (9mm x 2m), where all individuals were tagged, seedling height was measured with a ruler. For the sampling of adult and juvenile trees use wide range of 20 meters, and 10 meters either side of the centerline of the plot, juveniles with DBH ≥ 3 cm and trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were sampled. To remove the data in circumference, use a tape measure and the height was estimated. To collect data in circumference, use a tape measure and the height was estimated. For the identification of tree within the plots, we use aluminum plates properly numbered. We used linear regression models for adults and Poisson regression for the young and juveniles, to determine whether the water depth influenced the density of individuals. Among the 10 plots surveyed in this study, 3978 individuals were sampled Vochysia divergens Pohl, with 2694 trees, 1202 young and 82 juveniles. The effect of the flood was dependent on the age group of individuals, where the young and juveniles were more sensitive to the effects of flooding. Regarding the effect of adults on young, we note that under low density of adults, there may be a low level of recruitment as a high level recruitment. We conclude that the flood changes the density of young and juveniles, but in relation to adults this effect is not noticed.The density of adults affects youth development resource by restricting competition and shading. The growth of the species Vochysia divergens Pohl was higher during the dry season, because this species has a high capacity for photosynthesis, favoring their development quickly.

Lors de travaux antérieurs, un bio-ingrédient permettant la bioconservation du saumon fumé à froid et ayant une forte activité anti-Listeria fut développé et caractérisé. Il consiste en un milieu de culture fermenté par C. divergens M35 et contenant la bactériocine produite par la souche, soit la divergicine M35. Par contre, les conditions de production actuelles ne permettent pas une utilisation efficace et rentable de ce bio-ingrédient. L'objectif de ce travail est de répondre à ces problématiques. Dans un premier temps, un milieu de culture de grade alimentaire favorisant une forte et rapide croissance de C. divergens M35 et stimulant la production de la divergicine a été développé. Un criblage de différentes sources d'azote, de carbone et de sels a permis de déterminer que la mélasse de canne et le sucre de table (saccharose) sont les sources de carbone de choix, la source d'azote préférentielle reste l'extrait de levure et que l'acétate de sodium stimule la production en bactériocines. Ce milieu fut testé en fermenteur de 30L afin d'évaluer l'effet de la mise à l'échelle. Le milieu créé permet d'atteindre une biomasse de 9,04 log(UFC/mL) et une activité de 1,3X10⁵ AU/mL en 7h. Il s'agit d'une amélioration significative quant à la performance, mais aussi au coût du milieu de culture (0,89$/L) en comparaison à la référence, le milieu MRS (7$/L). Dans un deuxième temps, il a été démontré que le séchage par atomisation est bien plus efficace que la lyophilisation afin de produire un bio-ingrédient biologiquement stable. Le séchage par atomisation permet d'obtenir un bio-ingrédient sec possédant une viabilité de 9,85 log(UFC/g) et une activité anti-Listeria de 1,6X10⁶ AU/g. Ce procédé permet d'avoir une production rentable du bio-ingrédient M35.

La divergicine M35 est un peptide antimicrobien produit par une souche d'origine marine de Carnobacterium divergens M35 (C. divergens M35) et ayant une activité inhibitrice très marquée contre Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). L'étude de son mode d'action est nécessaire à l'optimisation de son utilisation comme agent de bioconservation de certains aliments ainsi que son acceptation par l'industrie alimentaire. Afin de décrypter son mécanisme d'action, des mutants résistants à la divergicine M35 ont été développés à partir d'une souche alimentaire de L. monocytogenes LSD530 (DivM ou vD) par exposition progressive de la souche sauvage (DivS) à différentes concentrations. DivM présente une fréquence de mutation de 4xlO-2 et son phénotype de résistance est stable après 50 générations. Le profil de croissance de DivM montre plus de résistance aux lysozymes et/ou bactériocines par rapport à la souche sauvage de L. monocytogenes LSD530. Aucune différence du profil plasmidique et protéinique n'a pu être notée entre le mutant et la souche sauvage. L'étude des conséquences biologiques de la divergicine M35 (5ug/ml) sur les souches de DivS et DivM a permis de démontrer que la divergicine M35 induit la mort de la cellule par une lyse cellulaire accompagnée de l'hydrolyse d'ATP et d'un flux de potassium. L'étude de l'interaction cytologique entre la divergicine M35 et des membranes synthétiques (liposomes) a montré que la divergicine M35 n'interagit pas nécessairement avec une cible membranaire protéique spécifique. Il semble qu'une interaction électrostatique entre la divergicine M35 et la membrane est nécessaire pour causer des dommages cellulaires. D'autres mutants ont été développés contre des bactériocines de classe Ha (pédiocine PA-1 (vP) et thermophilicine B (vB)), et des bactériocines de classe I (nisine A (vA) et nisine Z (vZ)), afin de comparer leurs mécanismes de résistance avec celui de la divergicine M35. Tous les mutants développés présentent des différences au niveau du profil de croissance, de production d'acide lactique, et de l'efflux de potassium par rapport à la souche sauvage. Ces mutants présentent aussi des différences au niveau de leur sensibilité à différents antibiotiques, qui laisse présager une modification de la composition de la membrane cellulaire. L'analyse de la composition de la membrane chez tous les mutants développés montre un contenu plus élevé en acide gras saturés (C16:0 et C18:0) et un teneur plus faible en acides gras insaturés (C18:2 et C22:5) par rapport à la souche sauvage. Cette modification dans la composition de la membrane des mutants la rend plus rigide et limite les échanges des nutriments entre les milieux extra- et intracellulaire. L'étude de la résistance croisée (bactériocines/mutants) permet de conclure qu'une utilisation combinée des deux classes de bactériocines I et Ha serait nécessaire afin de limiter le développement et l'émergence des variants résistants. Finalement, une étude comparative du mode d'action des bactériocines et celui des toxines a montré que la divergicine M35 agit sur les canaux potassiques (canaux K+ ) voltage dépendants (Kv) de même que ceux activés par Ca2+ (Kca) entraînant une augmentation du flux potassique. / Divergicin M35 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Carnobacterium divergens M35 (C. divergens M35), with a potential activity against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The study of the mode action of divergicin M35 was necessary to optimise its use as a bio-conservation agent and its acceptance by the food industry. Mutant (DivM) of L. monocytogenes LSD53O was developed by a progressive exposition of the wild type strain of L. monocytogenes LSD530 (DivS) to different concentrations of divergicin M35. DivM was stable after 50 generations and its resistance frequency was estimated at 4.10"2 . No difference in total DNA and total protein profile was observed between the DivM and DivS strains. The biological conséquences of divergicin M35 on DivS and DivM strains were studied. Divergicin M35 presents an inductive effect on cellular autolysis, hydrolysis of ATP and potassium efflux. Divergicin M35 interacts with cell membrane in absence of a protein receptor probably involving electrostatic interaction. In this study, variants resistant to nisin A (vA), nisin Z (vZ), pediocin PA-1 (vP), and thermophilicin B (vB) were developed from sensitive DivS strains. Differences in acidogenous capacity, potassium efflux and growth rate were observed between DivS and ail resistant mutants. Bacteriocin resistance acquirement appeared to substantially affect the antibiogram profile of ail variants resistant strains which correlated with the compositional changes in their cell-membrane. Resistant mutants present a higher content of saturated fatty acid (Cl6:0 and Cl8:0) and a lower content of unsaturated fatty acid (Cl8:2 and C22:5) compared to the wild type stain. The cell membrane modification increases the membrane rigidity and reduces nutrients exchange between extra- and intracellular medium. The study of cross resistance between bacteriocin and mutant strains indicated that the use of combined classes I and Ha bacteriocin can limit the development of resistant strains. The comparison of the mode action of divergicin M35 and different toxins on potassium channel showed that divergicin M35 interacts with both voltage and calcium dependent potassium channel resulting in an increase of potassium efflux and consequently the amplification of inhibitory activity.

<p>This study deals with the phenomenon of European integration and its impact on national party programs in Poland, a current member state of the European Union. The author will argue that the question of European integration has left a mark on the political party programs of two mainstream domestic parties on opposite sides of the ideological dimension, in the form of a certain degree of convergence regarding the “European issue”. Relating the result of the analysis to the theoretical structure of Europeanization and sociological institutional change, the essay will attempt to show a possible link between them. Although this trend does not seem to indicate any dramatic effects of the membership per se in the programs (the national arena seems, in most cases, be of more value for party activities) there is an indirect effect in the form of the presence of Europarties and a pronounced incentive for social and economic adaptation.</p>

2012 was the year when the podcast had a breakthrough in Sweden. As media corporatehouses developed, they adopted new forms to mediate journalistic material, whereas the podcasts was one of them. The podcast has had a rather informal reputation in Sweden in contrary to The United States and Great Britain, where it holds a higher sense of prestige and professionalism. It is therefore relevant to investigate what happens when media corporatehouses i Sweden embraces the podcast through themes such as tabloidization, commercialism, convergence and divergence. We chose to investigate the content of the podcast in the tabloid press Aftonbladet, and in the serious press, Dagens Nyheter. We also compared the two to see if there is a difference in content when it comes to journalistic principles. Through a qualitative method we analyzed the podcasts with a framework consisting of different themes. By using a directed content analysis, we assumed from certain theories whilst staying open minded against unexpected themes. We discovered that while the podcast could be a form of journalism, it is a new way of mediating it. Podcasts from both newspapers were mainly commercialized and consisting of  “soft news” as the journalists assumed a personal role. The form itself allows the content to be subjective and informal, whilst providing a forum for public debate, to inform and investigate. Although, most podcasts did not provide that. We believe that the podcast possibly will develop into a more professional product in Sweden, just as the blog in recent years, when adopted by media corporations.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.

Growing incidence of infections caused by the tick-transmitted protozoan parasite Babesia spp. defines babesiosis as an emerging disease from the aspect of human and veterinary medicine. The thesis provides an insight to biology of two main agents of human babesiosis, Babesia microti and Babesia divergens. We introduce here the fully optimized quantification model of Babesia parasite enabling the detailed investigation of the parasite developmental cycle and identification of molecules playing a role in its acquisition and transmission by the vector Ixodes ricinus. Novel and detailed information about Babesia dissemination within the tick tissues are given by newly implemented visualization and quantification techniques. Special emphasis is paid to parasite development in the tick salivary glands, the primary site responsible for parasite transmission from the vector into the host. Using gene-specific silencing we screene the tick immune pathways including effector molecules and evaluate their role in Babesia acquisition. We also provide a detailed view to Babesia parasite sexual commitment by monitoring its kinetics upon various stimuli. Moreover, a new direction of anti-babesial therapy is proposed by validation of the Babesia proteasome as a drug target. Overall, the research presented in the thesis extends the current knowledge of the Babesia parasite biology including molecular interactions at the tick-Babesia interface and thereby could significantly contribute to a potential control of babesiosis.