A investigação, aqui apresentada, buscou conhecer e analisar o cuidado institucional à criança e adolescente em situação de risco social, sob a visão de seus familiares e da equipe de profissionais que atua no abrigo da cidade de Jardinópolis, SP. A metodologia adotada é de abordagem qualitativa e utilizou-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados o mapa censitário, a observação livre e a entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada aos funcionários do abrigo e aos pais das crianças e adolescentes ali institucionalizados. Quanto à análise desses dados, escolhe-se a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Identificou-se, a partir da caracterização do espaço pesquisado e dos atores estudados que as crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados são em sua maioria meninos, negros e pobres e o motivo pelo qual foram institucionalizados se destaca a negligência. Destacou-se ainda, que as famílias dessas crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, são, em sua maioria, desempregados, possuem situação financeira desfavorável o que se relaciona ao baixo grau de escolaridade o que por sua vez diminuem as chances dessas famílias de se inserir no mercado de trabalho. A partir das falas dos entrevistados, emergiram três temáticas: o cuidado enquanto contexto de análise, a violência enquanto (re)construção dos espaços e a instituição como espaço de trabalho. Em relação à primeira temática, apreendeu-se que o cuidado se apresenta a partir de ações relacionadas com a alimentação, higiene pessoal, ambiental e cuidados relativos à saúde, sem incluir a prevenção de doenças. Além disso, os cuidadores ressaltam que realizam tais cuidados baseados em suas experiências como pais. Afirmam, também, que não utilizam o conhecimento técnico ao oferecer cuidados às crianças e adolescentes abrigados e que se sentem inseguros para tais prática. Dessa forma, evidencia-se a fragilidade da função cuidadora no arcabouço da construção do papel profissional. Em relação à segunda temática, verificou-se a violência simbólica, psicológica e até física praticada por esses cuidadores, aparecendo de uma forma naturalizada, necessária e integrante das relações de poder perpetradas no contexto institucional. Assim, pode-se pensar o cuidado institucional como mecanismo de controle disciplinar que a partir de Foucault abre-nos a possibilidade de maior compreensão dessa dinâmica de forças, sendo elas indefinidas, mutáveis e transitórias, de acordo com o contexto à qual se inserem. E, por fim, na terceira temática, apreendeu-se que a falta de políticas públicas adequadas e a fragilidade no modelo vigente de atenção à criança e adolescente exercem significativa influência no atendimento dentro das instituições de abrigo. De forma geral, percebese que há muita lacuna na sistematização do cuidado, dificultando que ele possa ser objetivado, mediante planejamento, com definição de objetivos, estratégias e avaliação permitindo que ele seja visto como produção de um trabalho profissional, estruturado nas reais necessidades dessa população. Pensar a criança e o adolescente como atores sociais ativos, envolvidos no cuidado da própria saúde, permite compreender que o cuidado dispensado nessas instituições de abrigamento pode e deve ser entendido como um processo dialético de mútua interação e construção. Os resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa levam a refletir, dialogar e intervir nessa realidade tão pouco conhecida. Acredita-se que a elucidação de tais significados na perspectiva dos atores sociais estudados proporcionará melhor entendimento e aproximação entre quem cuida e quem é cuidado, bem como oferecerá ao profissional subsídios que fundamentem suas ações para o atendimento das necessidades de cuidado institucionalizado manifestadas por essas crianças e adolescentes / The investigation, here presented, looked for to know and to analyze the institutional care to the child and adolescent in situation of social risk, under your relatives\' vision and of the professionals\' team that acts in the shelter of the city of Jardinópolis, SP. The adopted methodology is of qualitative approach and it was used as instruments of collection of data the map censitário, the free observation and the interview, applied to the employees of the shelter and the children\'s parents and adolescents there institutionalized. With relationship to the analysis of those data, it is chosen the content analysis, thematic modality. Identified, starting from the characterization of the researched space and of the actors studied that the children and institutionalized adolescents are in your majority boys, blacks and poor and the reason for which were institutionalized if it detaches the negligence. Still stood out, that those children\'s families and institutionalized adolescents, they are, in your majority, unemployed, possess unfavorable financial situation what he/she links to the bass of education degree that you/they reduce the chances of those families of interfering in the job market for your time. Starting from the interviewees\' speeches, three emerged thematic: \" the care while analysis \" context, the violence while (re)construction of the spaces \" and \" the institution as work space. In relation to the first thematic, it was apprehended that the care comes starting from actions related with the feeding, hygiene personal, environmental and relative cares to the health, without including the prevention of diseases. Besides, the caretakers point out that accomplish such cares based on your experiences as parents. They affirm, also, that don\'t use the technical knowledge when offering cares to the children and sheltered adolescents and that feel insecure for such practice. In that way, the fragility of the function caretaker\'s insert is evidenced in the context of the construction of the professional paper. In relation to thematic second, the violence symbolic, psychological was verified and even physics practiced by those caretakers, appearing in a naturalized way, necessary and integral of the relationships of power perpetrated in the institutional context. Like this, it can be thought the institutional care as control mechanism to discipline that starting from Foucault these he/she opens us the possibility of larger understanding of that dynamics of forces, being them indefinite, changeable and transitory, in agreement with the context to which you/they interfere. And, finally, in the thematic third, it was apprehended that the lack of appropriate public politics and the fragility in the effective model of attention to the child and adolescent exercise significant influence inside in the attendance of the shelter institutions. In a general way, it is noticed that there is a lot of gap in the sistematização of the care, hindering that he can be aimed at, by planning, with definition of objectives, strategies and evaluation allowing him to be seen as production of a professional work, structured in the real needs of that population. To think the child and the adolescent as active social actors, involved in the care of the own health, he/she allows to understand that the care released in those shelter institutions it can and it should be understood as a process dialogue of mutual interaction and construction. The results obtained in the present he/she researches they take to contemplate, to dialogue and to intervene in such little known reality. It is believed that the elucidation of such meanings in the studied social actors\' perspective will provide better understanding and approach among who he/she takes care and who is taken care, as well as he/she will offer to the professional subsidies that base your actions for the attendance of the needs of institutionalized care manifested by those children and adolescents

Victims of domestic violence and their Criminal Law protection This diploma thesis deals with a domestic violence, its victims and options of their protection that can be found at Criminal Law. Domestic violence, due to its unique aspects, is considered to be a really sensitive issue that had unfortunately stayed in silence for many years. This silence had been caused especially by the fact that violence incidents usually occur outside of public, in privacy of victims' home. That is why some people tend to improperly consider domestic violence as strictly private manner that does not need to be regulated by state officials. There has been a significant shift for few last decades thanks to interest of professional and also non-professional public. The phenomenon of domestic violence has become being on stage and programs and preventive plans of help for treated persons are just being implemented. Despite all of mentioned improvements, domestic violence does represent the widespread, but still underestimated, social problem. The aim of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of domestic violence, especially with reference to its key features, symptoms, types of offenders and victims, and regarding existing legislation as well. The introductory part does further describe the actual development of...

Domestic violence is a pathological phenomenon which has strong roots in the society. The mapping of its presence is fairly difficult, just like preventing the development of an abusing relationship. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view of the Czech legislation regarding this phenomenon while accenting its procedural aspects. Taking the progress on the international level into account, the thesis therefore aims to compare selected aspects of national legislation with the relatively novel Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). The Convention has recently been signed by the Czech Republic and its ratification is to take place soon. The thesis itself is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides an insight into the issue of domestic violence, the perpetrators, victims and possible solutions of the phenomenon. Following a summary of the historical development of the Czech legislation in chapter two and an introduction to the Istanbul Convention in chapter three, the thesis then focuses on the statuary provisions regarding this topic in the Czech Republic. In the fourth chapter which deals with substantive law the thesis analyses selected crimes which are related to domestic violence while also focusing...

This study explores the help-seeking processes of mothers with precarious immigration status who have experienced domestic violence while residing in a mid-size coastal city in British Columbia. Using semi-structured interviews with service providers and an intersectionality-informed thematic analysis, this study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) How do mothers with precarious immigration status seek help when experiencing domestic violence? (2) What facilitates or impedes women’s help-seeking processes? (3) How do existing services and systems respond to mothers with precarious status as they seek help with domestic violence? (4) What can be done to improve these responses? Qualitative data from service providers reveal that mothers with precarious status face numerous, intersecting and often insurmountable barriers as they seek help with domestic violence. Findings also indicate that despite the dedicated and collaborative efforts of participating service providers, many mothers with precarious status are forced to either return to their abusers or to return to their countries of origin. This research also shows how existing services and systems are not structured, funded, mandated or equipped to meet the needs of these mothers and their children. Moreover, the findings show how some of the systems and structures that these women encounter as they seek help seem to actively exclude, oppress and/or marginalize them. The findings of this exploratory study and the recommendations provided by service providers have implications for policy, practice and further research. / Graduate

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The right for every woman to live free of violence is one of the basic human rights. Nevertheless, this right is still subject to violation on a massive and systematic scale around the world. At least one of three women around the world has reported been physical, sexual and emotional abuse by an intimate partner in her lifetime. Although, gender inequalities and discrimination are considered as the underlying factors of domestic violence, little is known about the contributions of the presence of sons and daughters at home, age, gender, education, marital status, working status, place of residence. Despite the fact that recommendations have been made both at the international and national levels to reduce intimate female abuse, the issue is still rampant in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the impact of women’s socio-economic and demographic characteristics on domestic violence across seven countries (Cameroon, Ghana, Haiti, Liberia, Moldova, Nepal and Philippines). Frequencies and bivariate analyses were performed using the latest Demographic Health Surveys from 2005 to 2011. The findings established that on average 33.37 percent of women across the seven countries are abused. Domestic violence is a high concern in Cameroon. The educational level still remains a predicting factor of domestic violence across the countries under investigation except in Liberia. The number of living children was also identified as a predicting factor across the studied countries. Finally, a woman having a son or a daughter at home is more likely to expose the woman to intimate violence in Cameroon, Haiti, Moldova, Nepal and Philippines. All the countries are entrenched in a culture of male domination whereby women lack the freedom to decide on marital issues. As a recommendation, the government of each of the studied countries should be more proactive in reinforcing judicial system, policies and education that will help to curb the scourge of domestic violence. Furthermore, improving the level of literacy for women and educating men as the perpetrators of domestic violence will go a long way in abating this social ill.

Background: Among clinic based studies, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to contribute to HIV/AIDS among young girls and women. Results from studies among the general population have been less consistent. This study evaluated the associations between HIV infection, any sexually transmitted infections, and IPV in a population based sample of Togolese women. Methods: Data from the Togo 2013-2014 Demographic and Health Surveys were utilized for these analyses. Women aged 15-49 who were currently married, had HIV test results and answered the Domestic Violence Module were analyzed (n = 2386). Generalized linear mixed-models adjusting for sociodemographic variables, risk behaviors, and cluster effect were used to estimate HIV and STI risks with experience of IPV. Results: HIV prevalence was 2.8%. Prevalence of IPV was 39% among HIV positive women and 38% among HIV negative women. Significant associations between IPV and HIV infection were not detected. Adjusted models found significant associations between experience of any IPV and having had STIs (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.25-3.35). Conclusions: The high rates of violence in this setting warrants community-based interventions that address abuse and gender inequity. These interventions should also discuss the spectrum of STIs in relation to IPV.

Background: Homicide-suicides are rare events in which an individual commits a homicide and then takes his or her own life. Despite extensive media coverage and a recent increase in research in this field, our understanding of these events is limited as most studies are descriptive. There is little reliable evidence regarding mental illness in individuals who commit homicide-suicide. Aims: The central aim of this study was to examine the role of mental illness in cases of homicide-suicide. The objectives were to: (1) determine the prevalence of mental illness; (2) describe the characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and the circumstances of the offence; (3) examine the psychopathology of perpetrators prior to the offence. Method: The research design was a mixed methods study of homicide-suicide. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to examine a national consecutive case series, in England and Wales, between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2008. The sample contained 60 cases. Descriptive statistical analysis and a thematic framework analysis were undertaken on documents obtained from coroners, the police, GP medical records, records of mental health services contact and newspaper articles. The social, behavioural, offence and clinical characteristics of these incidents were reported. Results: Most of these offences were committed by men (53, 88%). The average age of perpetrators was 44 years (range 18-85). The overwhelming majority of these incidents involved close family members, mainly current or former intimate partners and/or the children of the perpetrator. Over half of the perpetrators had previously been diagnosed with mental health problems by a GP, most commonly depression. The incident was, in most cases, preceded by an actual separation from an intimate partner, or the perpetrator perceived separation to be imminent. The emotional responses to the loss of the relationship included: anger; frustration; humiliation; jealousy; desire for revenge; hopelessness, guilt and remorse. Poor coping strategies were observed, with many having a history of previous self-harm or suicide attempts, and difficulty controlling their aggression. Despite the high proportion of lifetime mental illness, few had been in recent contact with their GP for psychological problems prior to the incident. In the majority of cases, incidents involving mentally ill perpetrators were reported responsibly in newspapers. However, there were instances in which journalists sensationalised the incidents and provided stereotypical portrayals of the perpetrator. Conclusion: The findings from this study add valuable empirical qualitative data to the literature. These incidents occur in the context of existing and challenging common social issues, such as intimate partner violence, child custody disputes, an ageing population, and mental disorder. The evidence from this study shows that these perpetrators had an extreme reaction to an interpersonal crisis resulting in severe emotional distress. Perpetrators from vulnerable groups had complex needs and exhibited previous poor coping strategies that may put them at increased risk. However, prevention is difficult as these are rare events and though under distress, these individuals were less likely to seek help from services. More research is required to identify risk factors in targeted sub-groups of homicide-suicide, such as intimate partner, filicide-suicide and elderly homicide-suicide, in the context of social, economic and clinical problems.

Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) integrates symptoms common to victims of "complex" traumas, like childhood physical or sexual abuse, with the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was hypothesized that a history of witnessing interparental violence would be related to adulthood CPTSD symptoms. Results from hierarchical multiple regressions with 287 college students showed that witnessing interparental violence and experiencing child physical abuse predicted higher levels of CPTSD, PTSD, and depression symptoms. After controlling for child abuse, witnessing interparental violence predicted higher levels of traditional PTSD symptoms, but it did not predict an increase in overall CPTSD symptom severity or depression. Results suggest that the traditional PTSD construct, rather than CPTSD, best accounts for the symptoms of those who witnessed interparental violence in childhood.

Children witness violence in the home in a number of different ways. They may see or hear the abusive episode, will experience the aftermath, and sense the tension in the build-up to the abuse. Even when the parents believe the children were unaware of what was happening, the children can often give detailed accounts of the events. Quite apart from possible physical involvement or direct abuse, these emotionally damaging actions have a detrimental and often long-lasting effect on the children. This research focuses on the problem field of Domestic violence as a devastating social problem that impacts every segment of the population. Primary system responses are principally targeted toward adult victims of this violence and abuse. However recent increased attention is now being focused on the children who witness domestic violence. Children are often the 'forgotten victims' of Domestic violence and abuse. They are affected not only by directly witnessing abuse. But also by living in an environment where one of their parent, who usually is the main caregiver, is being repeatedly victimised. Children in a home where one parent is being abused are also at a risk of being abused themselves. Number of factors comes into play as far as the extent to which children exposed to domestic violence are affected. Age and gender, how much they witness and whether or not they are personally involved in the abuse, their personality, among others will play a role in this regard. Children who live with domestic violence are exposed to increased risks. Among others, the risk of exposure to traumatic events and the risk of losing one or both of their parents. These have the potential to lead to negative outcomes for children and affect their well-being, and stability. Children who have had exposure to domestic violence are likely to experience any or all of the following problems: emotional; behavioural; cognitive and attitudinal; physical; and long-term problems. Children's risk levels and reactions to domestic violence exist on a continuum where some children demonstrate enormous resiliency while others show signs of significant maladaptive adjustment. This has the ability and potential to lead to very serious psychological trauma with possible long-term effects, affecting not only the child's well-being during or shortly after the violence. But affecting the child's ability to build and maintain healthy relationships in his/her adult life. There is no classic of conceptual understanding and treatment of traumatized and troubled children. There is no archetypal therapeutic practice for traumatised children buttressed by pastoral counselling, forming a framework of shared assumptions, practices, and interpretive ideas. One suspects that the many clergypersons who seek to work with and help such children are struggling to find their way, with little to guide them and certainly no comprehensive model with which to work. This research does not seek to become a manual to aid clergy in helping traumatized children. But a navigation tool for the clergypersons who journeys with this young ones. The research will give attention to the issue of domestic violence, and provide a stark reminder that domestic violence breeds discomfort, disrupts normal life, especially in children. Furthermore the focus of this research is that domestic violence leaves a child traumatized. Thus the purpose here is inter alia, to reach out to such traumatized child as well as tapping into a child’s world; and to find healing for the traumatized child. <ul> <c>A Childhood Lost I am the eldest one of three I have two brothers younger than me When we were growing up our lives were sad Living at home with our mum and dad We had no money and very little food He spent it on drink and came home in a mood The teachers at my school said how well I did They must have known the secrets I hid How may pairs of glasses can one woman break? The bruises, the marks, the lives at stake That's why we slept out on the streets at night For me it was safer, so we used to take flight Away from the man supposed to protect Out into the darkness, did anyone suspect? For if we stayed I knew what it would mean A beating for mum would be heard or seen I envied my friends, they had happy lives With dads who actually loved their wives I am now older with kids of my own My dad's 56 and now lives alone He lost his kids, his home and his wife He's dying of cancer, now he's losing his life He’s no longer scary, he's no longer bad He's a Grandad who's dying, but he's still my dad. ~ T. </ul></c> / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-13T14:03:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Kalline Lira PPGDH.pdf: 2089653 bytes, checksum: 4aa64cec0b54aaa971fadcd6a3201908 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T14:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Kalline Lira PPGDH.pdf: 2089653 bytes, checksum: 4aa64cec0b54aaa971fadcd6a3201908 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / CAPEs / A presente pesquisa investiga a violação dos direitos humanos existentes na violência doméstica contra as mulheres, através de um recorte das relações de gênero e de poder no Sertão do Araripe de Pernambuco. Este estudo apresenta algumas considerações sobre a rede de enfrentamento da violência contra as mulheres na região, mapeando os serviços e apontando os números da violência, de 2010 a 2013, coletados em alguns dispositivos, além de realizar uma análise da violência a partir de entrevistas com mulheres em situação de violência doméstica. A pesquisa foi baseada nos aportes teóricos de Scott (1995) e Arendt (1985), além de documentos nacionais e internacionais sobre violência contra as mulheres. Do ponto de vista metodológico, é um estudo de caso sobre a realidade do Sertão do Araripe, com uma pesquisa documental realizada em três órgãos da rede de enfrentamento, e de uma pesquisa de campo, através de cinco casos de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica, a partir de uma abordagem prioritariamente qualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o fenômeno da violência contra as mulheres no Sertão do Araripe atinge todas as classes sociais e econômicas, bem como idade, cor da pele e zona de residência. A violência mais referida foi a psicológica, tanto nos dados quantitativos quanto nos qualitativos. Na análise dos dados documentais, ficou clara a fragilidade das mulheres residentes em zonas rurais. Apesar de compreender as agressões que sofrem como uma situação de violência doméstica, as mulheres minimizam a gravidade da violência psicológica, em relação à violência física. Este estudo também assinala que as mulheres do sertão não se percebem apenas no papel de esposa e mãe, ocupando outros espaços como os do estudo e trabalho. No entanto, essa maior participação no espaço público não se refletiu na re-configuração das relações de gênero e poder no âmbito privado, permanecendo a cultura patriarcal que impõe a subordinação das mulheres diante dos homens. No que concerne ao mapeamento da rede de enfrentamento, os números assinalam a inexistência de alguns serviços especializados considerados primordiais, e que a rede está funcionando de maneira desarticulada. Conclui-se que a violação dos direitos humanos das mulheres em situação de violência doméstica no sertão do Araripe não se refere apenas às agressões físicas, psicológicas e morais a que são submetidas, mas também está contida na dificuldade de acesso aos serviços e na pouca compreensão da rede de enfrentamento da violência pelas mulheres, repercutindo na fragilidade da referida rede, que termina por não contribuir para a diminuição da violência sexista e machista no Sertão do Araripe. / This research investigates the violation of existing human rights in domestic violence against women, through a cutout of gender and power relations in the Hinterland of Araripe of Pernambuco. This study presents some considerations on the network to combat violence against women in the region, mapping services and pointing out the issues of violence, from 2010 to 2013, collected on some devices, and perform an analysis of violence from interviews with women in domestic violence situations. The research was based on the theoretical contributions of Scott (1995) and Arendt (1985), as well as national and international documents on violence against women. From a methodological point of view, is a case study about the reality of the Hinterland of Araripe, with a documentary study of three department of coping network, and field research through five cases of women in domestic violence situations , primarily from a qualitative approach. The survey results show that the phenomenon of violence against women in the Hinterland of Araripe affects all social and economic classes, as well as age, ethnicity and area of residence. The more that violence was psychological, both quantitative information and the qualitative. In the analysis of documentary information showed a clear weakness of women living in rural areas. Although understand aggression suffering as a situation of domestic violence, the women’s minimize the severity of psychological violence, in relation to physical violence. This study also notes that women do not perceive the hinterland only in the role of wife and mother, occupying other spaces as the study and work. However, this increased participation in public space was not reflected in the re-configuration of gender and power relations in the private sector, maintaining the patriarchal culture that requires the subordination of women before men. As regards to the mapping of coping network, the numbers indicate the absence of some specialized considered paramount, and that the network is working so disjointed. It is concluded that the violation of human rights of women in situations of domestic violence in Araripe hinterland refers not only to the physical, psychological and emotional aggression to which they are subject, but is also contained in the difficulty of access to services and little understanding network against violence by women, reflecting the weakness of such a network, which ends up not contribute to the reduction of sexist and gender violence in the Hinterland of Araripe.