A historical study of the urban texture of Gamla Stan shows how public space has been appropriated for private needs. Streets were built over, closed off or turned into private courtyards, some of which have started to disappear, being completely internalized. This process of space appropriation was one-directional until the early 1900s, when the fear of losing structures across town made authorities create a precedent and revert the process by removing specific houses from the urban texture. This approach is based on a set of rules which I changed when making my project: the re-examination of all the hidden, internal, private spaces and their re-introduction to public life.    My set of criteria is rooted in a research of the elements that constitute the borderline in Gamla Stan's public vs private realm: doors, passages and courtyards. Based on that I  limited my  intervention techniques to the removal of three elements: fences, structures, and doors. The last one has two sub-categories "the removed wall" (turned into a new door) and "the removed lock" (opening an existing door). By establishing the parameters of my work, I tested this speculation in a specific case scenario - a cluster of four blocks on the west side of Gamla Stan. Using the rule I that a door must be the beginning of a corridor path that leads to an open court, and having the historical knowledge of the  location of past public spaces, I surgically removed later additions of lesser architectural or historical quality. The result of this is a new interconnected, accessible network. Until now one was restricted to walking along the streets and alleys, and around buildings in Gamla Stan. With this intervention people can walk through the buildings and into the reclaimed spaces, thus shifting one’s perception of the urban texture. The new alternative, total system of navigation turns solid into permeable/perforated. Alley City has become Corridor City.

No description available.

Solitude, a nineteenth century farmhouse and historic landmark, located on the campus of Virginia Tech is currently slated for preservation. The purpose of this study was to trace the architectural history of the farmhouse and adjacent outbuilding through its existing mill work, hardware, and other architectural features. Eighteenth and nineteenth century architectural pattern books and the knowledge of architectural historians were used to date the interior millwork and hardware in this building. The millwork and hardware produced evidence of at least three distinct design periods. To determine if mill work and hardware dates supported the approximate construction dates commonly thought accurate for the three major sections of this building. The 1801 and 1834 sections of the house exhibit Federal style. Greek Revival dominates the 1851 section, as well as the renovated 1801 section, and the later additions exhibit Victorian style details. The adjacent log and frame outbuilding contained mill work that mixed Federal and Greek Revival elements. Using this information, along with information obtained from researchers who previously studied Solitude, a sequence of floor plans was developed. These plans show the evolution of the house through two major additions, as well as three smaller ones. The evolution of the outbuilding was also noted. / Master of Science

Young adult (YA) romance och forskningen kring det är ofta fokuserad på flickorna inom och runt genren. Med tanke på mängden pojkkaraktärer och triangeldramer i YA romance, finns det endast lite forskning kring det. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att analysera och jämföra hur pojkkaraktärernas genuskonstruktioner presenteras i triangeldramer i YA romance, samt att se vilka ideologiska implikationer valet av pojke har. Pojkarna är Cricket och Max från Lola and the Boy Next Door (2011/2014) av Stephanie Perkins, och Rick och Xavier från Loveboat, Taipei (2020) av Abigail Hing Wen. Analysen, som görs med en kvalitativ och komparativ metod, grundar sig i genus- och maskulinitetsteori med särskilt avstamp i Raewyn Connells teorier om hegemoni (2000; 2005) och Magnus Öhrns Pojklandet (2017). Den tidigare forskningen om maskuliniteter i YA romance samt om genus över lag i triangeldramer är begränsad. Forskningsöversikten visar dock att forskning om maskuliniteter i vuxenromance, och i övrig ungdomslitteratur, samt om triangeldramernas andra aspekter har bedrivits. Analysens resultat visar att Perkins och Wen har konstruerat pojkkaraktärer där samtliga, om än i olika utsträckning, blandar hegemoniska drag med utmaningar. Pojkarna kan grovt delas in i en ”good guy”, Cricket och Rick, och en ”bad boy”, Max och Xavier (Day 2020, s. 165). Båda flickprotagonisterna väljer den snälla och ansvarstagande pojken som matchar henne utseendemässigt och intressemässigt. Pojken som väljs har i högre utsträckning en bra relation till sin familj och är villig att offra pojklandet och möta sina problem. Den största skillnaden är Wens sätt att visa det som närmar Rick och Xavier olika hegemonier som konstruktioner. Mot bakgrund av den samhälleliga kontext vi befinner oss i är det viktigt att kritiskt undersöka de maskuliniteter som sprids, och YA romance är en viktig del i det.

O que se desejou investigar é se a metodologia do Design Thinking (DT) e da Teoria de Resolução de Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ) podem ser utilizadas em conjunto de maneira sinérgica na fase conceitual de um processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) automotivo do tipo APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) com a finalidade de alavancar a criatividade na geração de ideias e, ao mesmo tempo, selecionar o melhor conceito para levar às demais fases do PDP. A presente pesquisa busca entender dentro da literatura os pontos fortes e limitações de cada uma das metodologias e, ao mesmo tempo, propõe uma forma de combiná-las à metodologia APQP. O processo proposto é então testado dentro de um projeto de redução de massa de guarnição de carroceria na região da porta de um veículo automotivo de passeio. Como ficará demonstrado, o PDP automotivo do tipo APQP, utilizando a melhoria proposta, se mostra mais eficaz ao alavancar a criatividade ao mesmo tempo que consolida uma fase de conceito dentro do APQP automotivo tradicional. Através desta pesquisa, concluiu-se que ambas as metodologias são sinérgicas e que, portanto, podem trazer melhorias para o atual processo APQP, alavancando a qualidade e assertividade da geração de ideias, bem como apoiando a seleção do melhor conceito a ser levado para as próximas fases. / This research aimed to verify whether the methodology of Design Thinking (DT) and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) could be used together synergistically in the conceptual phase of a new product development project (NPD) in the automotive industry through the also know APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) process. The main purpose was to leverage the creativity by generating ideas that are more qualified and, at the same time, select the best product concepts to be taken to the next phases of the NPD. This research seeks to understand within the literature the strengths and limitations of each of the methodologies and, at the same time, a proposal is made on how to integrate them into the APQP methodology. The proposed process is then tested in a project of mass reduction of the door body seal of an automotive vehicle. As shall be demonstrated, the automotive NPD, by using the improvement proposal, will become more effective by leveraging the creativity while consolidates a conceptual stage within the APQP. Through this research, it is concluded that both methodologies are synergistic and, therefore, can bring improvements for the current APQP process by leveraging the quality and assertiveness of the generation of ideas, as well as supporting to select the best concept to be taken to the next phases.

La gestion d’une plate-forme selon une stratégie de cross dock est un processus logistique efficace et dynamique qui vise à transférer directement les produits d'un fournisseur à un client. Cette thèse aborde les problèmes d'affectation aux portes et de gestion des ressources sous contraintes de fenêtres du temps dans un cross dock spécifique. Les problèmes sont formulés comme des modèles de programmation mathématique mixte (MIP). L’objectif est de minimiser la somme de la distance parcourue dans l’entrepôt et du coût qui contient les coûts liés aux ressources et un coût de pénalité. Une heuristique basée sur les algorithmes génétiques est proposée pour résoudre ce problème. Deux méthodes de réparation des gènes sont décrites pour rendre les solutions irréalisables réalisables. Les résultats montrent que l’algorithme génétique surpasse la résolution du modèle MIP à l’aide du solveur CPLEX en un temps donné, pour des instances de taille moyenne et de grande taille. Afin de décrire le comportement et de recueillir des informations pertinentes sur la gestion en cross docks, nous proposons un modèle basé sur réseau de Pétri. Un modèle par réseau de Pétri est construit et la simulation est réalisée avec le logiciel Tina. Par simulation, avec différents nombres de ressources, nous obtenons des temps pertinents pour améliorer les fenêtres de temps originales, le makespan de chacun des postes de travail, l'intervalle de temps libre dans le cross dock et la quantité de ressources disponible à chaque période de temps, ce qui peut fournir des conseils utiles à la gestion des ressources. A partir des résultats de la simulation, la formulation MIP est améliorée. / Cross docking is an efficient and dynamic logistic process that directly transfers goods from a supplier to a customer. This thesis addresses the door assignment and resource management problem with truck time windows constraints for a specific cross dock. The problems are formulated as mixed integer programming (MIP) models. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the total travel distance and cost which includes labor cost and penalty cost. A heuristic based on genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the problems. Two gene repair methods are proposed to repair infeasible solutions. The computational results show that genetic algorithms outperforms the solution of MIP model with CPLEX in a given CPU time, for medium and large size instances, and that the second gene repair method outperforms the first one. In order to describe the behavior and gather information on the cross dock, a model based on Petri net is built to study the cross docks and simulations are carried out with Tina. The simulation results for different resource number lead us to obtain the relevant times to improve the original time windows, the makespan at each work station, the free time interval in the cross dock and the free resource number at each time period, which provide relevant information on the resource management. Besides, according to the simulation results, the original MIP formulations are improved. Then we propose a new MIP formulation, which determine not only door assignment, but also resources at each time period at each work station. Computational results reveal that the new MIP model control resources in cross dock more efficiently and outperforms the first model.

This study will discuss with the transition of China¡¦s technology innovation system before and after ¡§Open door policy¡¨. Because I want to know how many characters between those two phases? Why China chose transition before ¡§Open door policy¡¨? When China upgrades their innovative capabilities, do any factors affect outcomes? This study will use more macroscopic to face transition of China¡¦s technology innovation system since established PRC. To survey the institution and interaction between governments, research institutes, universities, native companies and foreign-invested companies. Finally, this study consider that China¡¦s achievement is not clearly because the shortage of talent, basic research capability between research institute is weak, government have ¡§strong control¡¨ in this system, the market mechanism is not maturity so that Chinese native companies do not have skilful in innovation. Consequently, China¡¦s technology innovation system seems to have long way to go.

Since the Open-Door Policy has been carried out in 1979, China has gained dramatic improvements in many fields, such as economies and military. At the same time, the considerable changes also bring China many crises from the complicated international envirorunent. This thesis will illustrate these questions through nationalism and realism theoretical framework by using case study with a qualitative approach as the method. With the Five Peaceful Principles of Co-existence based foreign policy, this thesis will experience "Century of Humiliation" of China again and redefine the rising power of China through a case study about Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands dispute between China and Japan. Although it is a little hard to analyze this case under a complicated international environment, plenty of document information will support to get a result of how China's foreign policy and national security are interlinked? Finally, "national insecurities" and "humiliating history" are drawn as the key factors that affect China's foreign policy making, and the interconnections of China's peaceful diplomacy and national security. "National insecurities" and "humiliating history" drive China to make the foreign policy of peaceful development, otherwise, to ensure national security, China need to strengthen the comprehensive national power.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka vad pedagoger har för tankar om hur och vart de arbetar med fysik i förskolan. Undersökningen handlar både om vad pedagoger har för syn på fysik och hur de upplever att det är att arbeta med det i förskolan. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer och denna metod användes för att ge utrymme till att ställa följdfrågor under intervjuerna. Åtta pedagoger deltog i undersökningen. I resultatet framkommer bland annat att fysik är ett ämne som flera av pedagogerna upplever som svårt. Majoriteten av pedagogerna arbetar helst med lärarstyrda experiment och detta sker mestadels inomhus. Anledning till att de vill styra upp arbetet med fysik är att de då har möjlighet att i förväg förbereda experimenten. Sju av åtta pedagoger anser sig behöva vidareutbildning för att bli mer medvetna om vad fysik är och hur de kan jobba med det. / The aim of this study is to investigate pedagogues thoughts of how and where they work with physics in pre-school. The study is about pedagogues’ views of physics and also about their experiences working with it in pre-school. The study was conducted using qualitative semi structured interviews and this method was used to provide room to ask follow-up questions during the interviews. Eight pedagogues participated in the study. The result shows that physics, among other things, is a subject that several pedagogues find difficult. The majority of the pedagogues prefer to work with teacher-controlled experiments and most of the time this takes place indoors. The reason why they want to control the work with physics is because they then have time to prepare the experiments in advance. Seven of eight pedagogues believe they need further education to become more aware of what physics is and how they can work with it.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theology Union at Chicago, 2004. / Includes abstract. "December 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).