In the 1930s and 1940s, different social welfare models were at the disposal of policy-makers of non-democratic countries. However, although social security models were being debated and advocated by experts and policy-makers, the non-democratic regimes of Latin America and Southern Europe only set up limited social insurance schemes aimed at protecting particular groups of people, resulting in very fragmented management systems. Neither the welfare state literature, nor the research on non-democratic regimes, have attempted to explain why non-democratic regimes failed to set up comprehensive social security systems. Drawing on so-far unknown primary sources, this thesis examines the development of Social Insurance Schemes in Franco's Spain between 1936 and 1950. It studies the policy processes that led to the passing of each social insurance scheme and the evolution of the institution in charge of the social insurance system, the Instituto Nacional de Prevision (INP). By using a framework for the analysis of the policy-making process in non-democratic regimes, this thesis will show how political institutions of the Francoist regime shaped the resources of those actors (mainly Falangists and Social Catholics) involved in the power struggle for the control of the social insurance system. These institutions were: 1) the ministerial decrees and orders as the methods of passing legislation, 2) the bypassing of the Council of Ministers, 3) the absence of regulations within the Ministry of Labour, 4) the marginalisation of the Council of State and 5) the lack of formal procedures to resolve jurisdictional conflicts, and 6) the possibility ministers had to pass regulations. These permitted Falangist Labour Minister Girón de Velasco to manoeuvre to achieve Falange's goals at the time the party was being put at the service of the state. The National Office of Syndicates competed with the INP for control of the social insurance system. The result was a highly complex and fragmented system of overlapping schemes provided by several organisations rather than a comprehensive social insurance scheme.

1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA ANDRAGOGIKY A PERSONÁLNÍHO ŘÍZENÍ magisterské prezenční studium 2008-2011 Bc. Marie Mesteková Řízení expatriantů Managing of Expatriates DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Praha 2011 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Renata Kocianová, Ph.D. 2 ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is focused on expatriation, which means people who are sent to a foreign country for a limited time to work in local branch of their company. The objectives of this thesis were to identify current best practices in expatriation, conduct a benchmarking exercise against the DP DHL model and propose a set of recommended improvements. The thesis starts with introduction to globalization and international companies, including a summary of the history and different types of international organizations. The next section relates to international human resources management and describes the reasons and phases of developing this. The paper also includes a list of differences between local and international human resources. The following section is dedicated to expatriates themselves and the individual steps of their expatriation, included is the critical phases and problematic situations. An introduction to DP DHL as a company is contained in next section including how they deal with expatriates and introduces the process of...

The major objective of my thesis was to understand why sectors of the reconstructed anarcho-syndicalist trade union, the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, were addressing concerns which were identical to sectors of the Marxist Left in other countries of Europe, For my views on anarchism had been informed by a Marxist interpretation of anarchism, which rested on the assumption that anarchism was an agrarian, and/or a petit bourgeois philopsopy which could have little relevance in advanced industrial societies. This anomaly - my experience of anarchist militants within the CUT, and the vision of anarchism expounded by "classical" Marxism - led me to undertake an historical study of the Spanish anarchist movement and a theoretical study of Marxist and anarchist thought. Moreover, in order to understand the demands of the anarchists and the CNT during the 1960's and 1970's, I had to thoroughly study the developments which had taken place within the workers' and student movements during the Francoist period, and the nature of the CUT organisation in exile, factors which would bear heavily on the CNT's attempt at reconstruction. Through extensive interviewing and the use of documents, I tried to piece together the process of anarchist re-emergence in Spain from the mid-1960s, and the nature of the reconstruction of the CUT during the political transition to democracy in Spain in 1976-1979. The overall theme of my thesis centres on the relationship between Marxism and anarchism, and their relationship to historical development and tradition. By emphasising the importance of historical tradition - the political aspect most sorely underestimated in both Marxist and anarchist thought - I hope my thesis will contribute towards the possibility of a more realisable socialist utopia.

Medieval Iberian literary tradition constitutes a vast corpus of writings with which to study interfaith relations – in particular, Christian attitudes towards Muslims. This thesis focuses on works produced in the thirteenth century under king Alfonso X of Castile-Leon. Scholars have often looked to Alfonso X's poetry and legal texts to explore Christian responses to Islam, at a pivotal moment of Christian domination in the Peninsula. The thesis looks to Alfonso's historiography (the Estoria de España), which has received much less attention from scholars of interfaith relations. This study employs a historical-critical method of interpretation to explore the transmission and reformulation of Christian society's attitudes towards Islam. It offers a sophisticated analysis of the narratives of three prominent figures in the history of Spanish Islam: a) the Prophet Muhammad, b) Ibn Abi Amir al-Mansur, and c) King al- Mamun of Toledo. The study reveals the wide-ranging and contrasting attitudes towards Muslims visible not only in the writings of Alfonso X, but throughout the broader historiography and literature of medieval Spain. The thesis explains how these contradictions are rooted in the paradoxes of conflict and co-operation among the faiths in the Peninsula. It concludes that the ambivalence of Christian writers allows for the coexistence of both disdain and respect for Muslims in medieval society.

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2006

<p>A literature survey on modelling of the resistance spot welding process has been carried out and some of the more interesting models on this subject have been reviewed in this work. The underlying physics has been studied and a brief explanation of Heat transfer, electrokinetics and metallurgy in a resistance spot welding context have been presented.\nl\hsLastly a state of the art model and a simplified model, with implementation in the FEM software LS-DYNA in mind, have been presented.</p>

In 1947 the federal government of Canada began a program to move European Displaced Persons (DP) out of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) camps in Germany and Austria. This program, designed to fill chronic labour shortages in Canada’s resource industries and contribute to a solution for Europe’s refugee crisis, occurred in a transitional moment in Canadian society. Canadians emerged from World War Two with a new sense of Canada’s role in the world, but despite a changed international climate, a new discourse of human rights and a potentially robust economy, old perceptions of race, immigration and economic management lingered in the postwar years complicating the work of a new generation of civil servants, politicians and industry operators. This is a history of the transition. It demonstrates the ways that old and new ideas of the nation, citizenship, race and immigration co-existed. It highlights the significance of the beginnings of a debate on the elimination of discrimination based on race in Canada’s immigration policy; shows the link between economic prosperity and popular support for immigration; and demonstrates the importance of individuals within industry, the civil service and in government in national decision-making. This is an international history, spanning the Atlantic and bringing a global perspective to local experience in Canadian industries. Chapters on the federal decision making process are supplemented by evidence from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), the IRO, the Ontario Ministry of Education and forestry, mining and hydro industries. It uses a variety of methodologies including policy history, oral history, public opinion polling, gender, ethnicity and labour studies to investigate the implications of these decisions for Canadian society. It demonstrates that the 1947-1951 movement of DPs was initiated primarily under dual pressure from Canadians who had served abroad and industry leaders who had previously used POW labour to solve on going shortages in the bush. These decisions were strongly informed by both the crisis in Europe and Canadian assumptions about race, labour and citizenship. By examining the expectations Canadians had for the behaviour of its newest arrivals and future citizens this study highlights the foundations of Canadian citizenship in 1947: community participation, contribution to the development of the economy, and political loyalty to the nation.

In 1947 the federal government of Canada began a program to move European Displaced Persons (DP) out of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) camps in Germany and Austria. This program, designed to fill chronic labour shortages in Canada’s resource industries and contribute to a solution for Europe’s refugee crisis, occurred in a transitional moment in Canadian society. Canadians emerged from World War Two with a new sense of Canada’s role in the world, but despite a changed international climate, a new discourse of human rights and a potentially robust economy, old perceptions of race, immigration and economic management lingered in the postwar years complicating the work of a new generation of civil servants, politicians and industry operators. This is a history of the transition. It demonstrates the ways that old and new ideas of the nation, citizenship, race and immigration co-existed. It highlights the significance of the beginnings of a debate on the elimination of discrimination based on race in Canada’s immigration policy; shows the link between economic prosperity and popular support for immigration; and demonstrates the importance of individuals within industry, the civil service and in government in national decision-making. This is an international history, spanning the Atlantic and bringing a global perspective to local experience in Canadian industries. Chapters on the federal decision making process are supplemented by evidence from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), the IRO, the Ontario Ministry of Education and forestry, mining and hydro industries. It uses a variety of methodologies including policy history, oral history, public opinion polling, gender, ethnicity and labour studies to investigate the implications of these decisions for Canadian society. It demonstrates that the 1947-1951 movement of DPs was initiated primarily under dual pressure from Canadians who had served abroad and industry leaders who had previously used POW labour to solve on going shortages in the bush. These decisions were strongly informed by both the crisis in Europe and Canadian assumptions about race, labour and citizenship. By examining the expectations Canadians had for the behaviour of its newest arrivals and future citizens this study highlights the foundations of Canadian citizenship in 1947: community participation, contribution to the development of the economy, and political loyalty to the nation.

No description available.

L'épithélium intestinal est en constant renouvellement et les mécanismes qui contrôlent la prolifération y sont parfaitement orchestrés. Le facteur de transcription E2F4 est un régulateur clé de la transition G1/S, de la prolifération et de l'homéostasie des cellules épithéliales intestinales. Contrairement à E2F1, la localisation cellulaire d'E2F4 varie en fonction de l'état prolifératif des cellules : il est exprimé majoritairement au cytoplasme des cellules quiescentes ou différenciées et au noyau des cellules prolifératives. Dans cette thèse, les mécanismes de contrôle de la localisation d'E2F4, de sa phosphorylation et de son expression, de même que les mécanismes qui contrôlent l'entrée en phase S des cellules épithéliales intestinales normales humaines (HIEC) ont été analysés. Nos résultats démontrent que l'activation de la signalisation MEK/ERK par le sérum est requise pour la translocation nucléaire d'E2F4 et la transition G 1/S des HIEC. Par contre, la stimulation du sentier MEK/ERK par l'EGF n'est pas suffisante à induire ces événements: l'inhibition concomitante des GSK3?/? ou des p38?/? est aussi requise. En effet, la combinaison de l'EGF ou du FGF9 avec un inhibiteur pharmacologique des GSK3 entraîne la translocation nucléaire d'E2F4 et l'entrée en phase S. De manière analogue, l'inhibition des p38 en combinaison avec l'EGF cause aussi la translocation nucléaire d'E2F4 et l'entrée en phase S des HIEC. Par ailleurs, l'activation des IKK?/? semble aussi requise pour la translocation nucléaire d'E2F4 et la transition G1/S des HIEC induites par le sérum. Ensuite, nos résultats indiquent qu'E2F4 est rapidement phosphorylé suivant la stimulation par le sérum de manière dépendante du sentier MEK/ERK. Ainsi, des essais kinases in vitro démontrent qu'ERK1 phosphoryle efficacement E2F4, potentiellement sur les S244 et S384. Nos résultats suggèrent aussi que GSK3? interagit avec E2F4, principalement dans les cellules quiescentes, et pourrait alors le phosphoryler. Par ailleurs, E2F4 est phosphorylé, surexprimé et localisé au noyau des adénomes colorectaux humains. De plus, les mutants d'E2F4 retrouvés dans les cancers colorectaux avec instabilité des microsatellites, E2F4(Ser) 12 et E2F4(Ser)14 , sont plus fortement exprimés en raison d'une stabilité accrue et ont une meilleure activité transcriptionnelle. Nous démontrons aussi l'existence de 2 formes principales du partenaire d'interaction d'E2F4, DP-2, exprimées dans les HIEC: DP-2 40 , dont l'expression augmente avec l'entrée en phase S et DP-266 , dont l'expression diminue. De plus, DP-2 40 est surexprimée dans les cancers colorectaux humains et pourrait alors y favoriser la localisation nucléaire d'E2F4. En conclusion, nous avons identifié des mécanismes de régulation du facteur de transcription E2F4 et de l'entrée en phase S des HIEC. Cependant, ces mécanismes sont altérés lors de la carcinogenèse. D'ailleurs, la surexpression et la localisation aberrante d'E2F4 de même que la surexpression de DP-2 40 dans les cancers colorectaux pourraient contribuer à l'hyperprolifération et à la formation de cancers dans le côlon et le rectum. [symboles non conformes]