This study examined the psychometric properties for the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test (Naglieri, 1988). Data were collected from 191 children following the accepted procedure from an earlier study (Badger & Jones, 1988). Drawings were scored using both Harris' (1963) and Naglieri's (1988) scoring systems following the procedures outlined in the manuals. Basically, the DAP test demonstrated reliable and valid properties. The Naglieri's (1988) scoring system was favored in this study because it demonstrated more consistent internal consistency, higher inter- and intra-rater reliability and satisfactory construct validity. Positive and moderate high correlations with the scores obtained from Goodenough-Harris's scoring systems supported that the Naglieri's version measured the same concept as the old system. Psychometric properties of the DAP test support use in clinical and research settings to gather data from children about their general abilities.

The problem with which this study was concerned involved the identification of minimally brain-injured children. The performance on the "Birch-Belmont Auditory-Visual Integration Test" by twenty-five minimally brain-injured students was compared to the performance of twenty-five non-brain-injured children. It was found that when ages and I.Q. scores were not significantly different, and when sexes were approximately proportionate, the M.B.I. children scored significantly lower than did the non-brain-injured children. While it was indicated that the minimally brain-injured children perform less adequately on auditory-visual integration, no comparison of intrasensory and intersensory functioning was made. It was suggested that the test not be employed for sole determination of minimal brain injury, but that it may be used as a screening device quite appropriately.

Esta tese expõem a produção artística da autora por meio de uma caixa de fotografias e de relatos escritos. Casas de arquitetura vernacular do Brasil são o ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de uma linguagem fotográfica particular sobre a luz, a cor e o tempo. O recorte aqui apresentado mapeia a experiência visual da artista e investiga as origens e o desenvolvimento de sua poética, realizada com filmes fotográficos coloridos 35mm. / This Ph.D. thesis exposes the author\'s artistic production through a box of photographs and written accounts. Brazil\'s houses of vernacular architecture are the starting point for the evelopment of a particular photographic language about light, color and time. The outline presented here maps the visual experience of the artist and investigates the origins and development of her poetry, made with a 35mm color film.

Essa foi uma pesquisa qualitativa que aplicou, avaliou os resultados e comprovou a utilidade da aplicação do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias na apreensão dos conteúdos emocionais de crianças e adolescentes com receio do tratamento odontopediátrico. O objetivo do estudo foi pesquisar os pontos nodais das angústias, conflitos, fantasias e mecanismos de defesa que emergem nessa situação de crise. A metodologia consistiu na utilização de entrevistas clínicas com as mães e crianças, na observação clínica da criança e na aplicação do procedimento. Foram estudadas 15 crianças entre 8 e 14 anos, utilizando-se de 3 a 12 sessões. O referencial de abordagem e interpretação foi o psicanalítico. Como modificação em relação à proposta original do instrumento, foram utilizadas intervenções auxiliares de associações livres e propiciadoras de aprofundamento no material emergente e compreensão dos conteúdos emocionais. Observou-se que: a. A necessidade de atendimento odontopediátrico exacerba com intensidade fantasias, conflitos e mecanismos de defesa primitivos. b. O instrumento facilita o contato e aprofundamento com focos nodais de conflitos e angústias inconscientes. c. O processo auxilia no conhecimento dos conflitos, mobilizando uma tendência para a integração dos mesmos. Verificou-se que as intervenções com o Procedimento de Desenhos- Estórias foram plenamente adequadas à apreensão dos conteúdos emocionais profundos de crianças e adolescentes nessa condição de crise. Concluiu-se que, a situação de crise que antecede o atendimento odontopediátrico dos pacientes estudados, foi ampla de mobilização de angústias primitivas e intensas fantasias que necessitam ser comunicadas e elaboradas em um processo psicoterapêutico. / This is a qualitative research, viewing to apply, evaluate results and demonstrate the need of employing the Drawing-and-Story Procedure. while understanding and elaborating emotional contents of children and adolescents who fear pediatric-dentistry treatment. This study also aims to examine the nodal points of anguish, conflicts, fantasies and the mechanisms of defense that emerge from the crisis situation. The methodology consisted in the use of clinical interviews with mothers and children, in the clinical observation on the child and in undertaking of procedure. A research, devided in 3-12 sections, was made with fifteen children, aged 8-14 in private clinic. Psychoanalysis was used as a system of approach and interpretation. As a modification, related to the original consideration, a free-associated auxiliary therapeutic verbalization has been used, as well as a deepening in the emerging material and understanding of the emotional contents.The results were as follows: a. The need of pediatric dentistry attendance will intensively exacerbate fantasies, conflicts and selfdefense primitive mechanisms. b. The instrument facilitates the contact and deepening of nodal points in conflicts and unconcious anguish. c. The process assists in knowing all conflicts by mobilizing a trend for integrating them. The results has led to conclude that the Drawing-and-Story Procedure used in this clinical situation, has shown as being highly suitable to the whole aprehension of emotional contents in children and adolescents in this crisis situation.This study has taken the initial hypothesis which a crisis situation that precedes the pediatric dentristy attendance in case study patients has a wide range of distresses and intense fantasies that should be notified and elaborated within a psychotherapeutical process.

Esse estudo tem por propósito conhecer aspectos do psiquismo dos pais de filhos com traços autistas, decorrente da experiência clínica da autora no tratamento de crianças e pais com essas características. Todos esses temas são discutidos na introdução do estudo, bem como são apresentadas as bases teóricas sobre as quais o trabalho foi desenvolvido. Seguindo uma metodologia clínica, foram realizados 10 estudos de caso, de ambos os pais, casados, cujos filhos apresentassem traços autistas. Os mesmos foram convidados a participar e foram submetidos aos procedimentos: entrevistas clínicas e o Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias, em cada um dos pais em separado e uma Observação Familiar. Também foram obtidos dados a partir da consulta ao prontuário da criança ou jovem na Instituição. Os resultados obtidos, na maioria dos casos, revelaram dificuldades emocionais anteriores ao casamento e ao nascimento dos filhos, as quais retrataram: aprisionamento, intolerância à frustração, desvitalização, sentimentos de menos-valia, autoinvalidação, desligamento, evasão das emoções, agitação, depressão e outros aspectos emocionais que os conduzem à paralisação e a insatisfações em suas vidas. Esses parecem ser decorrentes de dificuldades individuais e conjugais, e às quais se somaram as desencadeadas pela condição do filho. Por outro lado foram também denotados no material de nove casos, desejos de mudança e movimentos de esperança. Como conclusão pode-se dizer da necessidade que os pais, participantes desse estudo, têm em receber tratamento psicológico que possa atender às peculiaridades de cada um. Uma compreensão mais ampla dos aspectos psíquicos dos pais pode, ainda, embasar programas preventivos e interventivos, de forma a lhes fortalecer a autoestima, a esperança e os desejos de mudança. Sugere-se também o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o tema. / The purpose of this study is to know better the psychological aspects of parents of children with autistic characteristics; it is the result of the clinical experience of the author in treating children and parents with these characteristics. These themes are discussed in the introduction of the study as well as the theoretical basis for the development of the study. Following a clinical methodology, 10 case studies were carried out, of both parents who were married and whose children had autistic characteristics. The subjects were invited to participate and underwent the procedures: clinical interviews, Story-Drawing - for each parent individually and Family Observation. Data was also retrieved from the child or teenager\'s file at his or her treating institution. The results, in most of the cases, show emotional difficulties prior to the marriage and birth of the child, which portrayed: imprisonment, intolerance to frustration, la ck of vitalization, feeling of under value, auto-invalidation, detachment, emotion evasion, agitation, depression and other emotional aspects which lead them to a holt and dissatisfaction in their lives. These seem to spring from individual difficulties, marital difficulties to which the difficulties generated by the child condition were added. On the other hand, in nine cases, desires for change and hope movements were found. As a conclusion, it is clear the need of the parents who participated in this study to have psychological treatment according to their individual characteristics. A broader understanding of the psychological aspects of the parents can serve as a basis for preventive and interventional programs, thus strengthening their self-esteem, their hope and the desire for change. New research on the theme is also suggested.

Este trabalho consistiu na investigação das possíveis implicações entre a dinâmica do casal e a relação com o filho autista e as dificuldades que os pais apresentam para estabelecer parceria com o terapeuta, colaborando assim com o processo terapêutico e com o desenvolvimento do filho. Realizamos Diagnósticos Compreensivos (Trinca, 1983), visando a um conhecimento dos aspectos psicodinâmicos dos casais e da relação destes com o filho autista. A base teórica que fundamenta o estudo é a psicanálise e as teorias psicodinâmicas juntamente com nossa experiência clínica. Utilizamos dois instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida e o procedimento de Desenhos de Família com Estórias (Trinca, 1978). A pesquisa foi realizada nas dependências de uma Instituição Pública, especializada no atendimento de crianças autistas, situada na grande São Paulo. Contamos ainda para a realização deste, com a participação voluntária, de cinco casais de pais de filhos autistas, os quais prestaram enorme contribuição ao nosso estudo. Os resultados obtidos após levantamentos dos dados foram: - os pais vivenciaram conflitos emocionais, instabilidades ambientais, humilhações afetivas em suas famílias de origem. - os conflitos emocionais originaram relações de objetos deficitárias, frágeis e conturbadas. - as dificuldades emocionais vivenciadas serviram como percalços ao desenvolvimento emocional destes pais e impediram qualquer possibilidade de interação com o filho autista. - algumas reações das crianças autistas, utilizadas como forma de contato com os pais estão relacionadas ao foco do conflito da dinâmica dos pais. - as dificuldades emocionais dos pais influenciam o desenvolvimento do filho autista, uma vez que aqueles encontram-se impossibilitados para um contato ‘vivo’ e ‘humano’. Concluímos que os pais por nós estudados apresentam intenso sofrimento por manifestarem importantes dificuldades emocionais, necessitando serem cuidados, tanto quanto seus filhos autistas. / This work was the investigation of possible implications between a couple dynamics and the relationship with their autistic child and the difficulties the parents have to establish a partnership with the therapist, thus helping the therapeutic process and the development of their child. Comprehensive Diagnosis were done (Trinca, 1983), with the aim of getting to know the psycodynamic aspects of the couples and their relationship with their autistic child. The theoretical base of the study is the psychoanalysis and the psycodynamic theories together with the clinical experience. Two methods were used: semi-directed interview and the procedure of Family Drawing with Stories (Trinca, 1978). The research was done in a Public Institution, specialized in treating autistic children, located in the city of São Paulo. There was also the voluntary participation of five couples, parents of autistic children, which meant na enormous contribution to the study. The results obtained after the data gathering were: - the parents lived emotional conflicts, environmental instabilities, and affective humiliation in their families of origin. - the emotional conflicts originated handicapped object relations, they were fragile and disturbed. - the emocional difficulties lived were obstacles to the emotional development of these parents and made impossible any kind of interaction with the autistic child. - some reactions of the autistic children, used as a way of trying to establish contact with their parents are related to the focus of the conflict of the parents dynamics. - the parents’emotional difficulties reflect in the development of the autistic child, due to the fact that the parents do not provide a ‘live’ and ‘human’ contact. We concluded that the parents we have studies present intense suffering demonstrating important emotional difficulties, needing to be treated as their autistic children do.

Esta tese expõem a produção artística da autora por meio de uma caixa de fotografias e de relatos escritos. Casas de arquitetura vernacular do Brasil são o ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de uma linguagem fotográfica particular sobre a luz, a cor e o tempo. O recorte aqui apresentado mapeia a experiência visual da artista e investiga as origens e o desenvolvimento de sua poética, realizada com filmes fotográficos coloridos 35mm. / This Ph.D. thesis exposes the author\'s artistic production through a box of photographs and written accounts. Brazil\'s houses of vernacular architecture are the starting point for the evelopment of a particular photographic language about light, color and time. The outline presented here maps the visual experience of the artist and investigates the origins and development of her poetry, made with a 35mm color film.

This study was part of the Portland Language Development Project. The purpose was to establish reliability for the Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test. Additionally, nonlinguistic cognitive performance scores were correlated with soores from expressive and receptive language test soores. Finally, scores of overall cognitive function and of nonlinguistic cognitive function in children with normally developing language (NL) and with expressive language delay (ELD) were compared. The original group size was 60 children, 30 with ELD at the age of 20 months, and 30 who were a matched control group. These subjects were reevaluated during Kindergarten. The Draw-A-Man Test was administered to assess the subjects' nonlinguistic cognitive functioning. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities CMCSA) was administered to assess the subjects' overall cognitive functioning. A free speech sample was analyzed using the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) criteria to assess expressive language skills, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

This project was funded by the Department for Families and Communities A collaboration between Ibrahim Sefer, newly arrived boys and girls aged between 4 and 14 years from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds and the Migrant Health Service (Adelaide Central Community Health Service).

Rotary draw bending, which has very good flexibility and easy tooling, is one of the most preferred bending types for tubular profiles. Cross-section distortion and the spring-back phenomena are commonly faced problems in bending processes. Spring-back is the inevitable problem that is to be solved by manufacturer, generally by overbending. For hollow tubes cross-section distortion is another difficulty since using hollow tubes results in higher strain rates and distortions. During the process the thickness of the hollow tube at the inner surface, which is contacting with the die, increases and the thickness of the tube at the outer surface decreases. Wrinkling is another important defect that occurs at the inner surface of the tube in large diameter thin walled tube bendings. This research compares the experimental results with the finite element analysis of the rotary draw bending process. The aim is to obtain bending characteristics of the two material types, SS304 and St37 and so, to reduce the number of the bending in manufacturing. The main parameters in rotary draw bending process are the bending angle, bend radius, material properties and the geometry of the tube that is to be bent. In this study, to deal with the process, two different materials, three different bending angles and three different tube geometries are used in experiments as well as in finite element analysis. In finite element analysis explicit method is used. It is seen that the experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results.