Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisors: Chandra Kambhamettu, Dept. of Computer & Information Sciences; and Cathleen A. Geiger, Dept. of Geography. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1995. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Botany, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 109 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36).

<p>För att erhålla en rättvisande redovisning måste utgångspunkten vara att ett företag skall fortleva. I en revisors uppgifter ingår att granska huruvida ett företag kan tillämpa principen om fortsatt drift enligt RS 570. Eftersom denna princip är väsentlig för redovisningens struktur medför detta vissa krav på att revisorn gör en korrekt bedömning av företagets fortlevnad. Att yttra sig om den fortsatta driften kan emellertid få svåra konsekvenser för företaget eftersom intressenterna baserar sina beslut på det som står i årsredovisningen och revisionsberättelsen. Vissa författare menar till och med att ett negativt yttrande om den fortsatta driften kan leda till en självuppfyllande profetia. Vi har således funnit det intressant att utreda huruvida revisorerna upplever några svårigheter i samband med bedömningen av ett företags fortsatta drift. Vidare ämnar vi ta reda på hur vanligt det är att revisorer anmärker på den fortsatta driften samt huruvida mer praxis och vägledning behövs i RS 570. Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa en diskussion och en förståelse för de problem som kan omgärda bedömningen av fortsatt drift. Vår studie har föregåtts av både ett kvantitativt och ett kvalitativt angreppssätt, då vi utförde dels en webbenkät och dels personliga semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Efter genomförd empiri visar studien att de flesta revisorer som ingått i våra undersökningar upplever svårigheter vid bedömningen av fortsatt drift. Anledning till detta är att bedömningen involverar förutsägelser om framtiden samt att risken finns för att bedömningen i sig blir självuppfyllande. Vidare har vi konstaterat att åsikterna går isär huruvida mer praxis kring RS 570 är nödvändigt. De flesta anser emellertid att RS 570 innehåller tillräcklig vägledning vid bedömningen av fortsatt drift. Slutligen har vi kommit fram till att det är relativt ovanligt att revisorerna i vår undersökning anmärker på den fortsatta driften i revisionsberättelsen, troligen på grund av de svårigheter som omgärdar bedömningen.</p>

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Tübingen.

Arbetets syfte är att söka av marknaden efter befintliga nätinformationssystem för elnät, för att avgöra vilken funktioner Vimmerby Energi &amp; Miljö AB anses behöva. Och vilket be-fintligt nätinformationssystem som bäst uppfyller de behoven.Efter en urvalsprocess, som baserades på vilken information som fanns att tillgå på respektive nätinformationssystems hemsidor. Samlades sedan data in med hjälp av demonstrationer.Utifrån demonstrationerna kunde det fastställas att alla nätinformationssystemen uppfyllde alla de grundläggande kraven på avbrottsrapportering och förhandsregleringsrapporter till EI. Samt att de alla hade väl utvecklade beräkningssystem, där de viktigaste ansågs vara kortslutningsströmmar och jordslutningsimpedanser.Tre av de redovisade systemen var helt grafiska, medan det fjärde som också är det befintliga systemet är tabellbaserat. Det visade sig dock att kunna utökas med en modul för grafisk visning av ledningarnas läge.Efter att ha undersökt de olika nätinformationssystemens arbetsmetoder, funktionalitet, styrkor och svagheter så kunde slutligen DigPros dpPower, ur en ren teknisk synvinkel, rekommenderas som det nätinformationssystem som bäst passar Vimmerby Energi &amp; Miljö AB. Däremot visade sig Powel OpenNIS också vara ett mycket bra alternativ.Men då rapporten inte tar upp några kostnader i bedömningen så kan rekommendationen komma att förbises, då målet med rapporten främst är att identifieras Vimmerby Energi &amp; Miljös behov, och att bedöma hur väl varje system uppfyller dessa. / This thesis investigates the market for current grid information system for electric grids, to determine which functions that are needed by Vimmerby Energi &amp; Miljö AB. And also which grid information system that is best suited.The selection was based on information found on each grid information system's home-page. By means of demonstration data was collected from the selected grid information system, for comparison.From the comparison one could determine that all of the grid information systems did sat-isfy all the demands from Energimarknadsinspektionen concerning power outages and prior regulation of electrical grid tariffs. All of the grid information systems also satisfied the demands for grid calculations, primarily short circuit currents and earth fault imped-ances.Three of the presented grid information systems were purely graphical, whilst the fourth, which is the present grid information system, were table based. This could be supple-mented with a module for graphically displaying the positions of the lines on a map.By investigating the grid information systems work methods, functionality, strengths and weaknesses it was found that, from a purely technical perspective, the best choice would be DigPro's dpPower. Although Powel's OpenNIS proved to be a good alternative.Since the report only investigates the grid information systems from a technical perspec-tive, and therefore don't report on any of the cost of implementing or sustaining the grid information system, the recommended system might end up not being the best choice. This is mostly due to the purpose of the report, which is to investigate and find which type of functions that suite Vimmerby Energi &amp; Miljö's need. And the recommended grid in-formation system is the one which is considered to satisfy most of these needs.

Orientador: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Banca: Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti / Banca: Rinaldo César de Paula / Banca: Roberto Estevão Bragion de Toledo / Resumo: O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas distintas. A primeira, composta por quatro ensaios, constou da aplicação de glyphosate (360 g e.a.L-1) em eucalipto. Em todos os ensaios, mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de 5,0 L. Nos ensaios 1 e 2, foram aplicados volumes de glyphosate no caule do eucalipto. No primeiro ensaio, uma solução de glyphosate na concentração de 3% (v/v) foi aplicada nas doses: 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 e 160 L.planta-1 e, no segundo, a solução a 2% (v/v) foi aplicada nas doses de: 0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 L.planta-1. Nos ensaios 3 e 4, foram feitas aplicações de glyphosate sobre o eucalipto. No ensaio 3 as doses foram: 0, 7,2.10-7, 7,2.10-6, 7,2.10-5, 7,2.10-4, 7,2.10-3, 7,2.10-2, 7,2.10-1, 7,2, 72, 360 e 720 g e.a de glyphosate.ha-1 e, no ensaio 4, as doses foram: 0, 9, 18, 36, 72, 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 1080, 1440 e 2160 g e.a de glyphosate.ha-1. Nos quatro ensaios foi utilizado o delineamento DIC, com três repetições. Nas plantas foram avaliadas: altura, área foliar, matéria seca de caule e folhas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análises de regressao. Na segunda etapa, conduzida em campo, o mesmo clone de eucalipto foi plantado em 02/04/2004. Aos 1, 3, 5, 7 e 9 meses após o plantio (MAP), doses 0, 36, 72, 144, 288, 432 g e.a.ha-1 de glyphosate foram aplicadas sobre as plantas. O experimento foi montado em faixas de épocas de aplicação e doses do herbicida. As faixas tinham duas linhas de eucalipto por noventa metros, totalizando 90 plantas. Aos 10, 13, 26, 48 e 62 MAP foram feitas avaliações de altura e diâmetro. Com essas variáveis calculou-se o volume cilíndrico de madeira com casca. Ao final do ensaio (68 meses) foram feitas análises químicas de extrativos, lignina total, holoceluse e densidade basica da madeira nas doses de glyphosate aplicadas aos 5 MAP. Também foi avaliado o rendimento ao cozimento todas as épocas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The study was conducted in two phase. The first, composed of four trials, consisted of the application of glyphosate (360 g a.e.L-1) on eucalyptus. In all the tests, seedlings were transplanted to pots of 5.0 L. In trials 1 and 2, it was applied volumes of glyphosate on the eucalyptus stem. In the first test, a glyphosate solution at 3% (v/v) concentration was applied in the. doses: 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 4.plant-1 and, in the second, the solution at 2% (v/v) was applied in the doses of: 0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 viL.plant-1. In the trials 3 and 4, it was made applications of glyphosate on eucalyptus. In the trial 3 doses were 0, 7,2.10-7, 7,2.10-6, 7,2.10-5, 7,2.10-a, 7,2.10-3, 7,2.10-2, 7,2.10-1, 7,2, 72, 360 e 720 g a.e of glyphosate.ha-1 and, in trial 4, the doses were: 0, 9, 18, 36, 72, 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 1080, 1440 and 2160 g e.a of glyphosate.ha-1. In the fourth tests it was used the randomized completely design, with three replicates. Plants were evaluated by height, leaf area, dry matter of stem and leaves. The results obtained were submitted to regression analyzes. In the second stage, conducted in the field, the same eucalyptus clone was planted in 04-02-2004. At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 months after planting (MAP), doses 0, 36, 72, 144, 288, 432 g e.a.ha-1 of glyphosate were applied on the plants. The experiment was installed in strip tests of varying herbicide doses. The strips had two lines of eucalyptus by ninety meters, total of 90 plants. At 10, 13, 26, 48 and 62 MAP assessments were held in height and diameter. With these variables it was calculated the wood volume with bark. At the end of the trial (68 months) it was performed chemical analysis of extractives, lignin total holoceluse and basic wood density at doses of glyphosate applied at 5 MAP. It was also evaluated the wood cooking, in all times of application and doses of glyphosate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

La Variabilité dans le Big Data se réfère aux données dont la signification change de manière continue. Par exemple, les données des plateformes sociales et les données des applications de surveillance, présentent une grande variabilité. Cette variabilité est dûe aux différences dans la distribution de données sous-jacente comme l’opinion de populations d’utilisateurs ou les mesures des réseaux d’ordinateurs, etc. L’Analyse de Différences a comme objectif l’étude de la variabilité des Données Massives. Afin de réaliser cet objectif, les data scientists ont besoin (a) de mesures de comparaison de données pour différentes dimensions telles que l’âge pour les utilisateurs et le sujet pour le traffic réseau, et (b) d’algorithmes efficaces pour la détection de différences à grande échelle. Dans cette thèse, nous identifions et étudions trois nouvelles tâches analytiques : L’Exploration des Différences, l’Explication des Différences et l’Evolution des Différences.L’Exploration des Différences s’attaque à l’extraction de l’opinion de différents segments d’utilisateurs (ex., sur un site de films). Nous proposons des mesures adaptées à la com- paraison de distributions de notes attribuées par les utilisateurs, et des algorithmes efficaces qui permettent, à partir d’une opinion donnée, de trouver les segments qui sont d’accord ou pas avec cette opinion. L’Explication des Différences s’intéresse à fournir une explication succinte de la différence entre deux ensembles de données (ex., les habitudes d’achat de deux ensembles de clients). Nous proposons des fonctions de scoring permettant d’ordonner les explications, et des algorithmes qui guarantissent de fournir des explications à la fois concises et informatives. Enfin, l’Evolution des Différences suit l’évolution d’un ensemble de données dans le temps et résume cette évolution à différentes granularités de temps. Nous proposons une approche basée sur le requêtage qui utilise des mesures de similarité pour comparer des clusters consécutifs dans le temps. Nos index et algorithmes pour l’Evolution des Différences sont capables de traiter des données qui arrivent à différentes vitesses et des types de changements différents (ex., soudains, incrémentaux). L’utilité et le passage à l’échelle de tous nos algorithmes reposent sur l’exploitation de la hiérarchie dans les données (ex., temporelle, démographique).Afin de valider l’utilité de nos tâches analytiques et le passage à l’échelle de nos algo- rithmes, nous réalisons un grand nombre d’expériences aussi bien sur des données synthé- tiques que réelles.Nous montrons que l’Exploration des Différences guide les data scientists ainsi que les novices à découvrir l’opinion de plusieurs segments d’internautes à grande échelle. L’Explication des Différences révèle la nécessité de résumer les différences entre deux ensembles de donnes, de manière parcimonieuse et montre que la parcimonie peut être atteinte en exploitant les relations hiérarchiques dans les données. Enfin, notre étude sur l’Evolution des Différences fournit des preuves solides qu’une approche basée sur les requêtes est très adaptée à capturer des taux d’arrivée des données variés à plusieurs granularités de temps. De même, nous montrons que les approches de clustering sont adaptées à différents types de changement. / Variability in Big Data refers to data whose meaning changes continuously. For instance, data derived from social platforms and from monitoring applications, exhibits great variability. This variability is essentially the result of changes in the underlying data distributions of attributes of interest, such as user opinions/ratings, computer network measurements, etc. {em Difference Analysis} aims to study variability in Big Data. To achieve that goal, data scientists need: (a) measures to compare data in various dimensions such as age for users or topic for network traffic, and (b) efficient algorithms to detect changes in massive data. In this thesis, we identify and study three novel analytical tasks to capture data variability: {em Difference Exploration, Difference Explanation} and {em Difference Evolution}.Difference Exploration is concerned with extracting the opinion of different user segments (e.g., on a movie rating website). We propose appropriate measures for comparing user opinions in the form of rating distributions, and efficient algorithms that, given an opinion of interest in the form of a rating histogram, discover agreeing and disargreeing populations. Difference Explanation tackles the question of providing a succinct explanation of differences between two datasets of interest (e.g., buying habits of two sets of customers). We propose scoring functions designed to rank explanations, and algorithms that guarantee explanation conciseness and informativeness. Finally, Difference Evolution tracks change in an input dataset over time and summarizes change at multiple time granularities. We propose a query-based approach that uses similarity measures to compare consecutive clusters over time. Our indexes and algorithms for Difference Evolution are designed to capture different data arrival rates (e.g., low, high) and different types of change (e.g., sudden, incremental). The utility and scalability of all our algorithms relies on hierarchies inherent in data (e.g., time, demographic).We run extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets to validate the usefulness of the three analytical tasks and the scalability of our algorithms. We show that Difference Exploration guides end-users and data scientists in uncovering the opinion of different user segments in a scalable way. Difference Explanation reveals the need to parsimoniously summarize differences between two datasets and shows that parsimony can be achieved by exploiting hierarchy in data. Finally, our study on Difference Evolution provides strong evidence that a query-based approach is well-suited to tracking change in datasets with varying arrival rates and at multiple time granularities. Similarly, we show that different clustering approaches can be used to capture different types of change.

abstract: Building mathematical models and examining the compatibility of their theoretical predictions with empirical data are important for our understanding of evolution. The rapidly increasing amounts of genomic data on polymorphisms greatly motivate evolutionary biologists to find targets of positive selection. Although intensive mathematical and statistical studies for characterizing signatures of positive selection have been conducted to identify targets of positive selection, relatively little is known about the effects of other evolutionary forces on signatures of positive selection. In this dissertation, I investigate the effects of various evolutionary factors, including purifying selection and population demography, on signatures of positive selection. Specifically, the effects on two highly used methods for detecting positive selection, one by Wright's Fst and its analogues and the other by footprints of genetic hitchhiking, are investigated. In Chapters 2 and 3, the effect of purifying selection on Fst is studied. The results show that purifying selection intensity greatly affects Fst by modulating allele frequencies across populations. The footprints of genetic hitchhiking in a geographically structured population are studied in Chapter 4. The results demonstrate that footprints of genetic hitchhiking are significantly influenced by geographic structure, which may help scientists to infer the origin and spread of the beneficial allele. In Chapter 5, the stochastic dynamics of a hitchhiking allele are studied using the diffusion process of genetic hitchhiking conditioned on the fixation of the beneficial allele. Explicit formulae for the conditioned two-locus diffusion process of genetic hitchhiking are derived and stochastic aspects of genetic hitchhiking are investigated. The results in this dissertation show that it is essential to model the interaction of neutral and selective forces for correct identification of the targets of positive selection. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2011

O trabalho apresenta reflexões sobre o processo de criação de Fábrica de Calcinha, pesquisa artística realizada pela autora com o objetivo de explorar a sonoridade como ativadora e norteadora da composição da cena. O processo de criação partiu da sonoridade percebida no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre. O encontro com este material foi estimulado pelo procedimento de Derivas Sonoras, das quais participaram a própria autora, um músico e um performer. Construiu-se, assim, um arquivo de objetos sonoros (Schaeffer, 1966), objetos perceptivos decodificados pela mente como um som, gravados na memória dos corpos e em dispositivos tecnológicos, e recuperados em diferentes etapas do processo de criação. A escuta se afirmou como poética de trabalho, mediando as interações que deram forma ao material cênico. Para a organização das diferentes ações cênicas (físicas, sonoras e vocais) criadas em improvisações, foi utilizado, sobretudo, um modelo de partitura cênica desenvolvido pelo encenador e compositor Heiner Goebbels. / The dissertation presents reflections on the process of creating Fabrica de Calcinha (Panty Factory), artistic research done by the author in order to explore the sonority as activating and guiding the composition of a scene. The creation process started from the sounds perceived in the center of Porto Alegre. We used the Dérive Sonore procedure as stimuli for this encounter, which was carried out by the author herself, a musician and a performer. We were, thus, able to build a database of sound objects (Schaeffer, 1966), perceptual objects decoded by the mind as a sound, recorded in the memory of bodies and technological devices and recovered at different stages of the creation process. The listening of the material affirmed itself as poetic work mediating the interactions that shaped the scenic material. For the organization of the different performing actions (physical, sound and vocals) created in improvisations, we primarily used a scenic music score model developed by the director and composer Heiner Goebbels.