A presente dissertaÃÃo A teoria das pulsÃes em Freud e Lacan: pontos de convergÃncia e de divergÃncia tem como objetivo geral estudar a teoria das pulsÃes em Freud e Lacan, identificando o que à comum e o que diverge entre os dois. Os objetivos especÃficos sÃo, quanto a Freud: a) investigar a construÃÃo do conceito de pulsÃo; b) pesquisar a constituiÃÃo da primeira teoria pulsional: pulsÃes sexuais e pulsÃes do eu; c) estudar a formulaÃÃo da segunda teoria pulsional: pulsÃes de vida e pulsÃes de morte. Quanto ao que Lacan concebeu sobre as pulsÃes, visa-se investigar: a) a Ãnfase dada ao imaginÃrio e b) a Ãnfase dada ao simbÃlico. Para a escolha dos textos de Freud, foram consideradas a construÃÃo do conceito de pulsÃo e as primeira e segunda teorias a este respeito. Na seleÃÃo dos textos de Lacan, utilizou-se o critÃrio de periodizaÃÃo de seu ensino sugerido por Miller (1982, 2005). Dentre outros comentadores consultados, citam-se Brousse (1997) e Leite (1996). A pesquisa realizada aponta as seguintes conclusÃes: A grande convergÃncia da teoria pulsional entre os autores deve-se à afirmaÃÃo de nÃo haver uma base comum entre instinto e pulsÃo e por contemplar em suas teorias a dimensÃo do mais alÃm do princÃpio de prazer. A diferenÃa entre os dois psicanalistas procede de uma distinÃÃo epistemolÃgica acerca da pulsÃo: Para Freud, observa-se que âno princÃpio foi atoâ, ou seja, a pulsÃo representa a exigÃncia de trabalho â ato â feita ao psiquismo inconsciente, em decorrÃncia da ligaÃÃo deste com o corpo. Para Lacan, no princÃpio està o verbo. A pulsÃo ($<>D), neste autor, à verbo, linguagem â constituÃda apenas por dois elementos simbÃlicos, o sujeito ($) e a demanda do Outro â e à concebida como o que advÃm da demanda do Outro quando o sujeito aà desvanece. O conceito de fronteira na pulsÃo à abordado a partir de perspectivas diversas nos autores: em Freud, ocorre entre o somÃtico e o mental, e em Lacan, entre a necessidade e a demanda. Nos Ãltimos textos de Lacan, a pulsÃo à um conceito que està na fronteira entre o imaginÃrio, o simbÃlico e o real. Freud trabalha, desde o inÃcio, com um modelo dualista da pulsÃo, e Lacan enfatiza a pulsÃo, fundamentalmente, como pulsÃo de morte. Consequentemente, a libido, para Lacan, està associada à pulsÃo de morte, enquanto que para Freud a libido à a energia de Eros, ou seja, vinculada à pulsÃo de vida. Percebe-se, em Freud, um destaque do aspecto econÃmico da pulsÃo, e sobre este aspecto em Lacan, os autores divergem: alguns dizem que o aspecto econÃmico està presente; outros, que ele foi suprimido. O investigador, no entanto, considera este aspecto apenas mitigado, porquanto presente em alguns textos lacanianos. / The title of the present dissertationry of the drives in Freud and Lacan: points of convergence and divergenceâ. The main objective was to analyze the theory of the drives in Freud and Lacan, identifying the points in which they differ and the points in which they converge. The specific objectives with regard to Freud were to investigate a) the development of the concept of drives, b) the constitution of the first theory of the drives (sex drive and ego drive) and c) the constitution of the second theory of the drives (life drive and death drive). With regard to Lacan, the specific objectives were to study the emphasis given to a) the imaginary, b) the symbolic. Our review of the literature included texts by Freud dealing with the concept of drive and the first and second theory of the drives, and texts by Lacan selected according to Millerâs periodization of Lacanâs teaching (1982, 2005). The works of Brousse (1997) and Leite (1996) were also consulted. The results show that the main convergence between Freudâs and Lacanâs theories of the drives lies in the absence of a common ground between instinct and drive and the acknowledgment of a dimension beyond the pleasure principle. The difference between the two psychoanalysts lies in their epistemological definitions of drive: To Freud, âin the beginning was the actâ, that is, the drive represents the demand of work&#8213;an act&#8213;made to the unconscious mind due its connection with the body. According to Lacan, âin the beginning was the wordâ: Lacan conceives of drive ($<>D) as word, as language, composed of only two symbolic elements&#8213;the subject ($) and the demand of the Other (D)&#8213;and stemming from the demand of the Other when the subject fades away. The concept of frontier is analyzed in light of several of the authorsâ perspectives: in Freud, the frontier separates psyche and soma, while in Lacan it lies between necessity and demand. In Lacanâs last texts, the concept of drive lingers on the frontier between the imaginary, the symbolic and the real. From the beginning, Freud used a dualistic model of the drives, while Lacan emphasizes drive, essentially, as death drive. Thus, to Lacan libido is associated with the death drive, whereas Freud identified libido as the energy associated with Eros and thus related to the life drive. Freudâs emphasis on the economic aspect of the drives counters Lacanâs views: some authors believe the economic aspect is present in Lacan, others think it has been suppressed. Though the aspect has been included in some of Lacanâs texts, the present author nevertheless considers it to have been merely mitigated.

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It was the purpose of this study to investigate the nature of the relationships among anxiety, achievement, and intelligence. It was deduced that anxiety and intelligence work together mainly at the level of average intelligence. At this level, the addition of drive in the form of anxiety increases performance level, while a lack of drive or anxiety decreases that level. The influence of anxiety on academic achievement is insignificant at other levels due to the overriding effects of intelligence.

Malware detection is typically performed using either software scanners running inside the operating system or external devices designed to validate the integrity of the kernel. This thesis proposes a hypervisor-based malware that compromises the system by targeting the hard disk drive and leaving the kernel unmodified. The hypervisor is able to issue read and write commands to the disk while actively hiding these actions from the operating system and any detection software therein. Additionally, the hypervisor’s presence has minimal impact on the performance of the system. The ability to perform these commands compromises the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the stored data. As a result, this thesis has widespread implications affecting personal, corporate, and government users alike.

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The development of a rule-based hybrid energy management strategy for a parallel P4 full hybrid without access to a functional prototype is presented. A simulation model is developed using component bench data and validated using EPA-reported fuel economy test data, including a proposal for complete criteria for valid test results using EPA speed error and SAE J2951 parameters. A combined Willans line model is proposed for the engine and transmission, with control modes based on efficiency-derived power thresholds. Algorithms are proposed for battery state of charge (SOC) management including engine loading and one pedal strategies. Vehicle drive quality with the hybrid control strategy is analyzed, with acceleration and jerk managed through axle torque rate limits and filters. The simulated control strategy for the hybrid vehicle has an energy consumption reduction of 20% for the Hot 505, 3.6% for the HWFET, and 12% for the US06 compared to the stock vehicle. For standard drive cycles, battery SOC is maintained within 20% to 80% safe limits, with charge balanced behavior achieved. Jerk contributions of the hybrid powertrain are generally kept below a 10 m/s3 tolerable limit, with peaks of 15 m/s3 tuned for vehicle launch drive quality. The complete energy management strategy proposed improves fuel economy compared to baseline data while maintaining vehicle drive quality and is considered well-rounded and ready for in-vehicle testing and implementation. / Master of Science / A hybrid electric vehicle with an engine on the front axle and an electric motor on the rear axle is analyzed. A control strategy is developed based on a set of rules with different modes depending on the vehicle speed and accelerator pedal position, switching between using only the electric motor, only the engine, and a combination of both. The control strategy increases fuel economy while maintaining the charge level of the hybrid battery pack and providing a smooth and enjoyable driving experience.

In the fractional hp induction motor drive market, there is an absence of low-cost and compact designs. Moreover, given the massive production of appliances which require such drives, there is little need for high-performance microcontroller controlled drives, since the only adjustments to the drive are made at the factory. The developed drive achieves the low cost and compact aims by implementing with analog components the constant Volts per Hertz technique. This simple technique can be used regardless of whether the speed loop is open or closed. In addition, since there is a growing need for drawing sinusoidal currents from utilities both for an optimal utilization of the utility power plant capacity and to minimize the harmonics injected into it, the developed drive is preceded by a power factor correction circuit, and its effect on the drive’s performance is determined with measurements of the system efficiency and the input power factor. It is found that the decrease in the system efficiency with the PFC circuit is small, and takes place only for speeds lower than 0.72 p.u. for a fan load. / Master of Science

With the use of the simplistic equivalent circuits, loss mechanism in conventional power MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) gate drive circuits is analyzed. Resonant gate drive techniques are investigated and a new resonant gate drive circuit is presented. The presented circuit adds minor complexity to conventional gate drivers but reduces the MOSFET gate drive loss very effectively. To further expand its use in driving Half-Bridge MOSFETs, another circuit is proposed in this thesis. The later circuit simplifies the isolation circuitry for the top MOSFET and meanwhile consumes much lower power than conventional gate drivers. / Master of Science

A trade study is carried out for the design of electric propulsion based lunar robotic precursor missions. The focus is to understand the relationships between payload mass delivered, electric propulsion power, and trip time. The results are compared against a baseline system using chemical propulsion with LOX/H2. The major differences between the chemical propulsion based and electric propulsion based systems are presented in terms of the payload mass and trip time. It is shown that solar electric propulsion offers significant advantage over chemical propulsion in delivering non-time critical payloads to lunar orbit. / Master of Science