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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
291

Panorama do transporte rodoviário de madeira bruta e em toras na região do Arco de Desflorestamento na Amazônia / Overview of road transport of wood raw and logs in the Arc of Deforestation in Amazonia

Lima, Mariana Peres de 02 October 2014 (has links)
A madeira é uma commoditie de extrema importância no Brasil e possui grande diversidade de utilização sendo matéria-prima para obtenção de energia, na forma de carvão e biomassa, produção de celulose e papel, construção civil, indústria farmacêutica etc. O modal rodoviário é a principal forma de transporte de carga florestal no Brasil, como também na região deste estudo denominada como \"Arco de Desflorestamento\". O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um panorama do transporte rodoviário de madeira bruta e em toras, possibilitando o entendimento e a melhor compreensão da atividade de forma a subsidiar discussões a cerca da legislação e políticas públicas visando sua adequação à realidade da região em questão. O trabalho se estruturou em torno de um capítulo introdutório sobre o panorama atual, seis capítulos com estudos científicos e um capítulo contendo uma revisão bibliográfica geral de contextualização do cenário proposto. Os resultados destacaram a detecção de agentes internos: condutor, empresa, terceiros e externos: instituições fiscalizatórias, sociedade civil, e o mercado de madeira são componentes que interferem direta ou indiretamente na atividade. Críticas no processo de formação de preço do frete foram constatadas e novas metodologias para esta formação foram elaboradas. Novas equações para a determinação do frete foram propostas inserindo as variáveis quantitativas: volume de madeira (m³), distância (km) e horas efetivas (h), além das qualitativas como satisfação na atividade e permanência na atividade. O melhor coeficiente do modelo de frete encontrado foi R² = 0,973 e R² (adj) = 0,972. Em relação à frota constatou-se que a Combinação Veicular de Carga - CVC que mais se destaca é o biminhão (49,66%). Verificou-se também que o comprimento variável das toras, somado aos diâmetros muitas vezes irregulares nas diferentes extremidades do fuste, impede que a carga seja acomodada e disposta de forma organizada. Este fato gera um aumento dos espaços vazios que traz consequências graves à segurança do transporte rodoviário florestal ocasionando o excesso de comprimento, altura e lateral. A carga transportada ainda restringe o tipo de carroceria que é exclusiva para atividade, fato este que limita a possibilidade de transporte de outros tipos de cargas. O levantamento constatou que a frota possui uma idade média avançada (18,22 anos), fato este que dificulta os condutores adequarem-se à legislação em vigor que fixa requisitos técnicos de segurança para o transporte de toras de madeira bruta por veículo rodoviário de carga. Pontos falhos foram detectados na legislação, destacando-se as obrigatoriedades impostas pela resolução não se encontrarem em consonância com a realidade da frota, principalmente pela idade avançada, causando críticas dos condutores ao governo. Como resultado final deste estudo foi elaborado o panorama da atual situação e levantados os principais problemas, assim como indicadas possíveis soluções em termos de iniciativas e programas do governo para a renovação da frota de transporte de madeira bruta e em toras na região. / The wood is a very important commodity in Brazil and is very useful as has great diversity in the feedstock being material for several products such as: energy wood (coal and biomass), cellulosic production (pulp and paper), pharmaceutical, nautical industries and construction. In Brazil different transport modal to transporting forest load is used, but the mainly transport is through the road and in the region studied the name \"Arc of deforestation\" is the major way to dispose wood production. The need to provide an overview of transporting raw wood and logs make easier understanding and provide improvements in transport legislation and guide to policies to fit the reality of the region in question. This work was structured with an introductory chapter about the general problem, and six chapters more, based on scientific articles and literature review. This work in a general view obtained important results for constructing the panorama. The results showed different components agents internal (driver, direct and indirect companies), and external agents (institution of monitoring government, the society and the wood market) that can interfere directly or indirectly in the activity. The traditional methodology about freight was criticized and new methodologies were proposed to improve the method. New models for freight were also proposed inserting quantitative and qualitative variables and the best model coefficient was R² = 0.973 and R² (adj) = 0.972. The best model variables selected in this study were: timber volume (m³), distance (km), effective hours (he) for quantitative variables and for qualitative variables: satisfaction in the activity, and permanence in the work. Regarding the truck fleet it was found that about the CVC (combination vehicular cargo) truck trailer (6 axes) was the most ordinary in this study (49.66%). It has been found that the length of logs plus the irregular diameters in the different extremities of the logs impossible the correct stacking timber. Because of the spaces originates from the bad accommodation of the logs has serious consequences for the safety of wood road transporting generating an excessive cargo in length, height and width. This is a form of equivalence volumetric. Another problem is that the trailers exclusive for the activity and this fact limits the possibility of carrying other types of cargo, decreasing the competitiveness. This study allowed to establish that the fleet has an old average age and this fact hinders truck drivers to fit on the present legislation (Resolution n. 246 of July 2007.) This resolution fixes technical safety requirements for the road transportation of logs. In this resolution were detected a critical point that the obligation imposed is not compatible with the reality and the old average age of fleet (18.2 years), provoking criticism by the truck drivers about the government. This study was able to satisfy to proposed a new overview raising problems, indicating improvements and suggestions such as: initiatives and government programs for the renewal of the fleet log road transportation and changes in the public politicians.
292

Digital tools, spaces and places as mediators of youth work practice

Melvin, Jane January 2017 (has links)
In the context of English youth and community work, this research project investigates digital tools, spaces and places as mediators of youth work practice, and proposes a model formulated through the identification of expansive drivers to guide both professional conduct and curriculum-based practice. The lives of English young people today are shaped by technologies which make interaction in a variety of digital spaces and places possible, yet there are divided views within the youth work community of practice about the place of digital tools, spaces and places as mediators of informal learning in a discipline traditionally focused on association, relationships and critical dialogue. Supported by the conceptual framework of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), Developmental Work Research (DWR) techniques have been used to gather data from four English youth and community work practitioners through a workshop-based approach framed by CHAT pre-suppositions and the first three stages of Engestrom’s expansive learning cycle. The data analysis uses the four areas where contradictions can manifest within CHAT activity systems to examine how the use of digital tools, spaces and places aligns with youth work values and principles, and to examine how they can mediate informal learning opportunities with young people. The contribution to knowledge comprises the identification of four ‘spaces’ which are named as safety, production, information and communication, and which form the basis of a model to scaffold the professional use of digital tools, spaces and places as mediators of youth work practice. Expansive drivers, defined as the forces for learning, development and change, are identified within each of the spaces within the model and examined using continuum-based representations portraying professional practice and curriculum-based priorities. Metaphors of digital space and place emerging from within the DWR process are also appraised as a means to situate the work. The model is underpinned firstly by the premise that a youth worker’s choice of digital tool, space or place needs to be based on the needs and input of young people. Secondly, that using digital tools, spaces and places as mediators of youth work practice is most effective as an extension to existing face-to-face youth work where relationships between young people and youth workers have already been formed.
293

Influência do processo inflamatório sobre a genotoxicidade em expostos ocupacionalmente aos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos

Barth, Anelise January 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil da molécula relacionada à inflamação (ICAM-1), citocinas e da atividade das NTPDases como potencial influência sobre a genotoxicicdade em trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente a HPA. Este estudo incluiu 45 taxistas e 40 indivíduos com atividades administrativas (não-expostos ocupacionalmente), ambos nãi fumantes. O monitoramento biológico foi realizado pela quantificação do 1-hidroxipireno (1-pireno OH) urinário. A expressão de ICAM-1 (CD54) em neutrófilos foi realizada por citometria de fluxo. O perfil de hidrólise das NTPDases em plaquetas foi determinada pelo método colorimétrico. Além disso, os níveis de malondialdeído no plasma (MDA), citoquinas inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e IFN-γ) e o dano ao DNA (ensaio cometa e do micronúcleo) foram também avaliados. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de 1-OH pireno foram significativamente aumentados nos motoristas de táxi em comparação com o grupo não exposto ocupacionamente (p <0.0001); também foi positivamente correlacionada com neutrófilos ICAM-1, níveis de MDA e biomarcadores de danos no DNA. A expressão de ICAM-1 em neutrófilos foi significativamente elevado em motoristas de táxi (p <0.05), bem como os níveis de MDA (p <0.01), sendo a última positivamente correlacionada com a % de DNA na Cauda e frequência de MN. Aumento da hidrólise de ATP e ADP forma encontrados nos taxistas. Concentrações dos marcadores pró-inflamatórios foram aumentadas e anti-inflamatórias (IL-10) diminuída no grupo exposto. Para o teste de ensaio de micronúcleos e cometa, houve aumento significativo em motoristas de táxi, inclusive depois da adição de enzimas de reparo. Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ e preditores de danos no DNA (% de DNA na cauda e frequência de MN), enquanto que a IL-10 está negativamente correlacionada com os biomarcadores de lesão ao DNA. Em resumo, a exposição ocupacional à poluição do ar pode levar a anormalidade homeostática como potencial contribuição para o processo aterosclerótico. Este estudo mostrou também que a exposição crônica à poluição do ar pode causar danos no DNA relacionado com a peroxidação lipídica e processo inflamatório. / The present study aimed to evaluate the profile of inflammatory molecule (ICAM-1), cytokines and the NTPDases activity as potential influence on genotoxicity process in workers exposed occupationally to PAH. This study included 45 taxi drivers and 40 non-occupationally exposed subjects, both non smorkers. Biological monitoring was performed by quantification of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH pyrene). The expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) in neutrophil was performed and the hydrolysis profile of the NTPDases in platelets was determined. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, inflammatory cytokines and DNA damage (comet and micronucleus assays) were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the 1-OH pyrene levels were significantly increased in taxi drivers (p<0.0001); were also positively correlated to neutrophil ICAM-1 expression, MDA levels and biomarkers of DNA damage. ICAM-1 expression in neutrophil was significantly elevated in taxi drivers (p<0.05), as well as MDA levels (p<0.01), being the last positively correlated with % Tail DNA and MN frequency. ATP and ADP hydrolysis was increased in taxi drivers. Pro-inflammatory markers concentrations were increased and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) was decreased in exposed group. For the comet assay and micronucleus test, increase was significant in taxi drivers, inclusive after repair enzymes. Positively correlations were found between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and predictors of DNA damage (%Tail DNA and MN frequency), while IL-10 is negatively correlated with the biomarkers of DNA lesion. In summary, occupational exposure to air pollution, especially to PAHs, may be related with homeostatic abnormality as potential contribute to atherosclerosis process. This study showed also that the chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution may cause DNA damage related with lipid peroxidation and inflammatory process.
294

Feasibility of GNU/Linux as the OS for a PC-based medical product / Feasibility of GNU/ Linux as the operating system for a personal computer -based medical product

Lustbader, Steven B. (Steven Benjamin), 1980- January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 20-21). / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / Linux has become a viable alternative to Windows in recent years. This investigation looks at the feasibility of porting the software for a PC-based medical device to Linux. Using an open-source operating system frees developers from the constraints imposed by relying on a single company for the development platform. Several porting methods are considered. The port method chosen allows development on the Windows version to continue while simultaneously testing on Linux, without creating separate versions of the software. Differences in the way the software interacts with the operating system and with the hardware have to be addressed. A Linux environment was created in which to run the software and determine how to reconcile these differences. No major hurdles to using Linux exist, so it appears to be a viable platform on which to conduct future development. / by Steven B. Lustbader. / M.Eng.and S.B.
295

Caminhoneiros, caminhos e caminhões: uma etnografia sobre mobilidades nas estradas / Truckers, routes and trucks: an ethnography of mobilities on the roads

Arthur Fontgaland Gomes 30 November 2017 (has links)
Esta dissertação busca identificar os elementos integrados pelos caminhoneiros autônomos em suas vidas móveis. Analisa como estes motoristas extraem permanência de suas mobilidades, constitutivas desses modos de vidas. Os caminhoneiros são profissionais especializados em operar veículos automotores de carga e fazer circular mercadorias a partir do transporte rodoviário. Trata-se de um conjunto disperso e heterogêneo que executa grandes jornadas de trabalho distantes de seus endereços fixos, para onde retornam intermitentemente. Sem desvincular-se dos cotidianos mais sedentários, intensificam o convívio com os caminhões e as estradas. Instrumento de trabalho, mas também casa móvel, o caminhão é onde se realiza obrigações, prazeres e lazeres. Os veículos adquirem diverso usos, modificações, valores, afetos e podem operar nas distinções entre pares. Cuidados de si e dos caminhões se misturam e revestem a boleia de domesticidade masculina que ajuda a viabilizar o ser caminhoneiro. Nas estradas, cumpre-se o itinerário, cujas rotas e prazos são estipulados pelo mercado. O itinerário é preenchido pelos caminhoneiros por intensas negociações entre tarefas laborais e extralaborais manifestadas nas escolhas e efetivações das paradas que pontuam o trajeto. Nos estabelecimentos comerciais, os motoristas se vinculam ao pessoal do posto, chapas e putas. São interações afetivas, trabalhistas, sexuais e de consumo que se articulam e animam as estradas. Tendo em vista a vida social das BRs esta etnografia se desenvolveu a partir de caronas nas boleias de caminhão, um tipo de mobilidade informal e gratuita inteligível neste contexto, em especial, para os caminhoneiros. As teorias elaboradas pelos motoristas inspiraram esta dissertação e suscitam dialogo com algumas discussões acadêmicas sobre mobilidades e trabalho caminhoneiro no campo das humanidades. Com isso, leva-se em conta que quando os motoristas e caminhões se movem pelas estradas, não só as mercadorias são postas em circulação através de itinerários. Junto a elas se movimentam também certa economia corporal, material e simbólica numa trama adensada de relações que cria e recria caminhos. Estes, indispensáveis para a permanência dessas vidas móveis. / This dissertation aims to identify what are the elements that truck drivers integrate in their mobile lives. We analyze how these truck drivers extract permanence of their mobilities, constitutive of those ways of living. The truck drivers professionals specializes in operate cargo automotive vehicles, transporting goods across the road network. They are a heterogeneous disperse set of professionals performing long work periods away from their fixed homes, to which they return intermittently. Thus, they keep bonds with their settled dwellings while they intensify their sociality with trucks and roads. The truck is both a work tool and a mobile house, where they perform duties, pleasures and leisure. The vehicles are put to different uses, customizations, values, affections and may engender distinction amongst colleagues. Drivers intertwine self-care and truck maintenance, investing the truck lorry of a masculine domesticity which instantiate what is to be a truck driver. On the road, an itinerary is fulfilled, with market stipulated routes and schedules. Meanwhile, truck drivers entangle their itinerary with intense negotiations between work tasks and other activities, which take place in the truck drivers choices of where they stop along the way. At side road shops and stores, drivers relate to gas station workers, local guides and prostitutes. Labor, affective, sexual and consumption relations that makes the road alive. Regarding the social life of Brazilian federal highways and roads, this ethnographic research was carried out by means of hitchhiking truck lorries, a free and non-official way of faring used to translate to the drivers the anthropological research. The theories conceived by those truckers have inspired this work and are presented in dialogue with academic debates on mobilities and truck drivers professional realities. Thus, we consider that not only goods are set in motion when drivers and trucks fare their itineraries, but there is also a specific bodily, material and symbolic economy moving along a thick meshwork of relations that make and unmake paths. Those are constitutive of the permanence of those mobile lives.
296

Estressores ocupacionais, concentração do cortisol e saúde de motoristas de caminhão / Occupational stressors, cortisol and health of truck drivers

Melissa Araújo Ulhôa 06 June 2011 (has links)
Introdução: Estudos mostram que motoristas de caminhão estão sujeitos a estressores no trabalho, tais como, por exemplo, a longa jornada de trabalho vinculada ao prazo curto de entrega de mercadorias, a vibração e o ruído do caminhão. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi avaliar os estressores ocupacionais e a concentração do cortisol em motoristas de caminhão, bem como a saúde física e mental desses trabalhadores, segundo os turnos de trabalho. Métodos: Participaram 57 motoristas de caminhão de uma transportadora de cargas que responderam a um inquérito sobre dados sociodemográficos, saúde, sono, condições de vida e trabalho, incluindo as dimensões da demanda, controle e satisfação no trabalho. Os motoristas usaram actímetros e tiveram suas medidas antropométricas e pressão arterial aferidas, além de exames bioquímicos de sangue. Posteriormente, 21 motoristas do turno diurno e 21 motoristas do turno irregular fizeram três coletas da saliva para análise da concentração do cortisol: ao acordar, após 30 minutos e ao dormir, durante um dia de trabalho e um dia de folga. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste de associação do qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas e testes de diferenças de médias, ANOVA e correlação de spearman para variáveis contínuas, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: Os trabalhadores do turno diurno tiveram concentrações de cortisol mais elevadas 30 minutos ao acordar durante o dia de trabalho em relação às do dia de folga (teste-t, p=0,03). Os motoristas do turno irregular tiveram maior concentração de cortisol quando comparados aos motoristas do turno diurno no dia de folga (ANOVA, p=0,03). Foi observada correlação entre os estressores no trabalho e as concentrações de cortisol dos trabalhadores de ambos os turnos. No caso dos motoristas do turno diurno, as concentrações de cortisol foram correlacionadas com o controle no trabalho (p=0,01, r=0,55), qualidade do sono (p=0,02, r=0,52) e ao tempo (em anos) de trabalho como motoristas (p=0,05, r=0,47). Em relação aos motoristas do turno irregular, a concentração do cortisol foi correlacionada com a satisfação no trabalho (p=0,03, r=-0,53), pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,03, r= 0,55), colesterol (p=0,03, r=0,55), curta duração do sono (p=0,02, r=-0,62) e fadiga após o trabalho (p= 0,03, r= 0,67). As prevalências dos distúrbios psíquicos menores foram de 7,7 por cento e 6,5 por cento nos motoristas dos turnos diurno e irregular, respectivamente. Os motoristas do turno irregular apresentaram maiores IMC, colesterol total, LDL e VLDL colesterol, além disso, relataram menor controle e demanda no trabalho e maior fadiga após o trabalho, comparados aos do turno diurno (p<0,05). Conclusão: Os motoristas apresentaram concentrações de cortisol mais elevadas no dia de trabalho em relação ao dia de folga. Os do turno irregular referiram piores condições de saúde e apresentaram concentrações de cortisol mais elevadas em relação aos motoristas do turno diurno, inclusive no dia de folga, sugerindo uma resposta mais prolongada ao estresse. Os valores do cortisol foram correlacionados com estressores no trabalho típicos desses profissionais de transporte, indicando a necessidade de melhorias para a categoria. Futuros estudos são necessários para investigar outras dimensões da resposta destes indivíduos aos estressores no trabalho, especialmente no caso de trabalhadores em turnos irregulares / Introduction: Studies have shown that truck drivers are subject to stressors at work, such as extended working hours due to short time to deliver the goods, the truck´s vibration and noise. The main objective of this study was to analyze the occupational stressors and cortisol levels among truck drivers, as well as their physical and mental health, by shift work. Methods: Participants were 57 truck drivers of a transportation company that filled in questionnaires about sociodemographic data, health, sleep, life style, work conditions, including the dimensions of job demand, control and job satisfaction. The drivers wore actigraphs and had measured their anthropometric data, blood pressure, besides biochemical blood tests. Then, 21 truck drivers of day shift and 21 of irregular shift did three salivary sampling to analyze cortisol levels: at waking time, 30 minutes after waking time and at bed time, in one working day and day off. Data analyses were performed using qui-square for categorical variables and mean difference tests, ANOVA and spearman correlation were performed for continuous variables, considering p<0,05. Results: Day shift workers had higher cortisol levels specially 30 minutes after waking time (p=0,03) in the working day compared to day off. Irregular shift workers had higher cortisol levels compared to day shift workers on the day off (ANOVA, p=0,03). Truck drivers in both shifts had their cortisol levels correlated with stressors at work. For day shift workers, the levels of cortisol were correlated to job control (p=0.01, r=0.55), sleep quality (p= 0.02, r=0.58) and years working as drivers (p=0.05, r=0.47), for example. For irregular shift workers, cortisol levels were correlated with job satisfaction (p=0.03, r=-0.53), blood pressure (p=0.03, r=0.55), cholesterol (p=0.03, r=0.55), short sleep duration (p=0.02, r=-0.62) and tiredness after working (p= 0.03, r= 0.67), for instance. The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorder was 7,7 per cent e 6,5 per cent , for day and irregular shift workers, respectively. The irregular shift workers had higher BMI, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, reported less demand, control and higher tiredness after working, compared to day shift workers (p<0,05). Conclusion: The drivers had higher cortisol levels on work day compared to days off. Moreover, the irregular shift workers had worst health profile and higher cortisol levels on their days off, compared to day workers, suggesting a prolonged stress response. Cortisol levels were correlated with typical stressors at truck drivers´ work, indicating the needs of better work conditions. Future studies are important to search others dimension of the response to stressors at work, especially for those who work in irregular shift
297

Influência da perda auditiva na qualidade de vida de motoristas de ônibus aposentados / The influence of hearing loss on quality of life of retired bus drivers in São Paulo city

Marcela Maschio Rossi 07 October 2011 (has links)
OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de perda auditiva entre os motoristas de ônibus aposentados da cidade de São Paulo e verificar a influência da perda auditiva na qualidade de vida desses trabalhadores. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com uma amostra composta por 309 motoristas de ônibus aposentados da cidade de São Paulo. Os trabalhadores foram submetidos a exame audiométrico e aplicação de questionário sobre qualidade de vida criado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL- Bref), além de questões gerais e de saúde auditiva. Foram estudados 309 motoristas de ônibus aposentados da cidade de São Paulo entre 45 e 60 anos de idade com média de 56.8 anos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de perda auditiva encontrada nesta população foi de 60.2% em pelo menos uma das orelhas. Considerou-se como variável dependente o valor do escore obtido através da aplicação do WHOQOL - Bref e como variáveis independentes todas as demais variáveis agregadas ao questionário. Pôde-se constatar que houve força de associação entre pior qualidade de vida e idade, renda, e presença de perda auditiva. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de perda auditiva entre os motoristas de ônibus aposentados foi de 60.2%, em pelo menos uma das orelhas. Houve força de associação entre pior qualidade de vida e idade, renda, e presença de perda auditiva nos motoristas entrevistados / OBJECTIVE: To estimate the hearing loss prevalence between retired bus drivers of São Paulos city and to verify the influence of hearing loss on the quality of life of this kind of workers. METHODS: Transversal study, with a sample of 309 retired bus drivers of São Paulo city. Workers were submitted to an audiometry exam and appliance of lifes quality questionnaire created by World Health Organization (WHOQOL Bref) , general questions and questions about hearing health. It has been studied 309 retired bus drivers in São Paulo city, ages between 45 and 60 years, with average of 56.8 years. RESULTS: The incidence of hearing loss found on this group was 60.2% in at least one of the ears. It has been considered as the dependent variable the score value obtained thru the application of WHOQOL- Bref and as independent variables all other variables added to the questionnaire. Strength of association was found between worsened quality of life, age, income and hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of hearing loss found was of 60.2%. There was a significant association between worsened quality of life, age, income, and hearing loss
298

O trabalho dos motoristas de caminhão: a relação entre atividade, vínculo empregatício e acidentes de trabalho / The work of truck drivers: the relationship between activity, employment and occupational injuries

Luna Gonçalves da Silva 18 February 2011 (has links)
Apesar dos diversos estudos realizados com motoristas de caminhão, poucas pesquisas estudaram o trabalho desses profissionais baseando-se na descrição da atividade feita pelo próprio trabalhador. O conhecimento dos próprios motoristas sobre sua atividade, assim como dos acidentes pode contribuir para a elaboração de medidas para a redução de acidentes, bem como ações que visem à promoção de saúde destes trabalhadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer e analisar a atividade, aspectos da organização do trabalho e acidentes de motoristas de caminhão com diferentes vínculos empregatícios, partindo do relato dos próprios trabalhadores. O estudo realizou-se em uma empresa transportadora localizada no estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2010. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo tendo como método utilizado, a Análise Coletiva do Trabalho. Foram realizados quatro encontros, nos quais grupos de motoristas de caminhão, voluntários, descreveram às pesquisadoras sua atividade; não existiu um número pré-determinado de participantes para esse estudo. A partir dos dados obtidos, construíram-se as seguintes categorias: trabalho, saúde, repercussões do trabalho na vida familiar e social; vínculos empregatícios e acidentes de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos foram validados em reunião com os próprios trabalhadores. Quatro tipos de vínculos empregatícios foram encontrados na população de estudo: contratados, agregados, terceirizados e quarteirizados. Trabalhadores contratados e agregados queixaram-se do sistema de rastreamento e da atividade de enlonar e desenlonar o caminhão, diferentemente do relato dos terceirizados. Por outro lado, o relato dos terceirizados é semelhante ao dos agregados, pois em ambos os vínculos há possibilidade de maior autonomia no trabalho, maior retorno financeiro e escolha da data de retorno para casa. Entretanto, a instabilidade financeira e o desamparo de direitos trabalhistas são queixas freqüentes desses trabalhadores, o que não ocorre com os motoristas contratados. Dentre os vínculos estudados, motoristas agregados e quarteirizados são os que apresentam as condições de trabalho mais difíceis. O uso de drogas; o cansaço físico e mental; as ultrapassagens; a falta de profissionais qualificados no mercado; o sistema de rastreamento; a comissão e determinados tipos de carga estão relacionados aos acidentes envolvendo esses profissionais / Although there have been various studies of truck drivers, few studies have studied the work of these professionals based on a description of activities performed by the workers themselves. An understanding of accidents as well as the knowledge of the drivers about their own activities, can contribute to the development of measures to reduce accidents, and actions for the promotion of workers health. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity and aspects of work organization and accidents of truck drivers with different employment status, based on the report of the workers themselves. The study took place in 2010 at a transportation company located in São Paulo state. We conducted a qualitative study using the Collective Analysis of Work method. There were four meetings held in which groups of truck drivers, volunteers, described their activities to researchers; there was no pre-determined number of participants for this study. From the data obtained, we constructed the following categories: work, health, impact of work on family and social life and occupational accidents. The results were validated in a meeting with the workers themselves. Four types of employment contracts were found in the population studied: contractors, Aggregated contractors (own front part of truck only), and third-party contractors (own entire vehicle) and fourth party contractors (subcontractors to third-party contractors.) Contract workers and aggregate contractors complained about the tracking system and having to cover and uncover the truck, unlike the report of the third-party contractors. On the other hand, the third-party contractor report is similar to that of the aggregates, because in both job types there is the possibility of greater autonomy at work, greater financial return and the choice of the date to return home. However, financial instability and the relinquishing of labor rights are frequent complaints of these workers, which do not occur with hired drivers. Among the job types studied, aggregate drivers and forth party contractors are those with the most difficult working conditions. The use of drugs, physical and mental fatigue; overtaking, the lack of skilled professionals in the market, the tracking system, commission payment basis, and certain types of cargo are related to accidents involving these professionals
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Strategic risk management for tidal current and wave power projects

Bucher, Ralf January 2018 (has links)
Tidal current and wave power, as emerging forms of renewable generation, represent innovations that are confronted by significant technological and financial challenges. Currently, the marine energy sector finds itself in a decisive transition phase having developed full-scale technology demonstrators but still lacking proof of the concept in a commercial project environment. After the decades-long development process with larger than expected setbacks and delays, investors are discouraged because of high capital requirements and the uncertainty of future revenues. Although ideas for improving the investment climate can be found, there is a lack of well-founded arguments and coordinated strategies to work towards a breakthrough in the marine energy market. The objective of this research is to provide stakeholder-specific prioritised strategy options for de-risking the commercialisation of tidal current and wave power technologies. A key principle applied is to integrate a wide knowledge spectrum comprising the technology, policy and financing sectors and to compile the information in a holistic and transparent manner. To gain a broad understanding of the characteristics of presently ongoing marine energy activities and the correlated strategic planning, a comprehensive survey was conducted. Based on this multidisciplinary attempt, an all-encompassing appraisal was possible by avoiding over-concentration on stakeholder-specific views or interests. System dynamics modelling was employed to develop a series of cause-effect relationship diagrams of the key interactions and correlations in the field. It was revealed that the circular relationship between two major risks for array-scale projects - reliability and funding - requires coordinated action to overcome. As funding is necessary for improving system reliability (and vice-versa), showcasing 'array-scale success' was identified as the game-changing milestone towards commercial generation. Furthermore, it was found that a number of comparably competent manufacturing firms is required to implement major marine energy projects. This would result from fostering a multi-company market breakthrough concept, based on intensified knowledge sharing and trustful collaborative interaction between competitors. Additionally, effective separation of complexity into 'detail' and 'dynamically complex' constituents was found to be fundamental for identifying long-term, effective solutions. It is decisive to accept this primary classification, as measures appropriately applied on one type of complexity can be counterproductive if applied on the other. Most of the available planning tools and analytical methods do not address the management of dynamic complexity, necessary in innovative environments where flexibility and tolerance of vagueness are indispensable. Successful application of several strategies to deal with both types of complexity in comparable innovation-driven environments was considered suitable for de-risking the commercialisation of marine energy. The challenges for strategy-finding in a demandingly complex and increasingly dynamic environment are addressed in this research by exploiting a case-specific expert knowledge database. The structured information compression and subsequent strategy-finding process is realised based on calculated rankings of impact factors by systems dynamics software and substantiated by representative interview statements. The analysis makes use of multi-level expert knowledge and the application of a control-loop-based methods. The systems approach as applied in this research comprises the combination of interview-based (bottom-up learning) processes and the application of prioritised strategy options in the form of concerted management action (top-down planning). The approach of processing multi-level interview data by system dynamics modelling represents a powerful method to detect and assess ongoing developments and thus to advance strategy-finding. The systematic and unbiased approach to identify the top-level drivers for commercialising marine energy supports the long-term creation of investor confidence, based on a concept of transparency and credibility.
300

Um estudo da relação entre macrodirecionadores de valor e o preço da ação no mercado de capitais brasileiro / A study of the relation between value drivers and stock prices on Brazilians capital markets.

Cavallari, Ana Luisa Gambi 31 March 2006 (has links)
A partir da década de 90, a abertura e liberalização de fluxos de capitais, somados à intensificação dos processos de fusões, aquisições e privatizações evidenciaram a necessidade de se saber qual é o valor de uma empresa e quais variáveis o afetam. Ao encontro a esta necessidade, este trabalho foi desenvolvido para investigar as variáveis consideradas como direcionadores de valor e, em específico macrodirecionadores de valor, e sua relação com o preço da ação. As implicações de se saber se um macrodirecionador de valor pode predizer e provocar alterações no preço da ação, são de ampla utilidade e importância tanto para investidores quanto para os gestores da empresa. Este trabalho objetivou saber se o desempenho dos macrodirecionadores de valor pode ser, e de que forma, preditor do desempenho do preço das ações das empresas de capital aberto mais líquidas da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo, durante o período de 1994 a 2005. Além disso, buscou entender também, se uma variação em um macrodirecionador pode provocar e explicar uma variação no preço da ação. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou como modelo estatístico a Causalidade de Granger e a Auto-Regressão Vetorial. Os resultados foram poucos significativos ou revelaram relações pouco consistentes para a maioria das empresas da amostra. Contudo, os resultados também revelaram a possibilidade de determinados macrodirecionadores de valor poderem ser preditores do preço da ação, para um número restrito de empresas da amostra. Esta possibilidade de relação foi apontada para os macrodirecionadores de valor: taxa de crescimento em vendas na Embraer e Usiminas; margem de lucro operacional na Embraer, Eletrobrás e Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional; e taxa de investimento adicional na Eletrobrás. / Since the decade of 90, liberalization of capitals markets, added to the processes of merger and acquisitions had evidenced the need to know which is the right value of a company and which drives it. This paper was developed to investigate the considered value drivers of a stock. This paper intended to understand the relation between value drivers and stock prices. The benefits of this knowledge may help managers and investor in they decisions. The paper focus was investigated if a change in value drivers can predict and motive a stock price change. This work objective knowing if the performance of value drivers can be predictor of stock price performance, to Brazilians enterprises, between 94 to 2005. Moreover, it searched to also understand, if a variation in a value drives can motive and explain a variation in the stock price. To accomplishment the research it used two statistical model: Granger Cause and Auto-Regression Vector (VAR). The results had few significant ones or had little disclosed consistent relations for the majority of the sample companies. However, the results had also disclosed the possibility of definitive value drivers being able to predict and motive stock prices. This possibility relation was pointed for some value drivers: revenue growth in Embraer and Usiminas; earnings before interest and tax in the Embraer, Eletrobrás and Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional; and tax of additional investment in the Eletrobrás.

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