Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

L’objet d’étude de cette thèse de doctorat est la traduction audiovisuelle et concerne plus particulièrement la réception du doublage par le destinataire « spécial » du corpus analysé, l’enfant. Le sous-titre du travail –une étude sur la réception– révèle son caractère empirique et expérimental, dont l’objectif principal est d’analyser empiriquement la réaction du jeune public face à des solutions de traduction qui viennent régulièrement adoptées dans les doublages du cinéma d’animation. L’utilisation de certaines stratégies et techniques de traduction peuvent se rapprocher ou s’éloigner du récepteur : on cherchera à évaluer dans quelle mesure celles-ci facilitent leur compréhension, lui font rire ou pleurer et, finalement, lui amusent. Le succès d’un long-métrage pour enfants n’est aperçu aujourd’hui qu’à travers les entrées au box-office et les ventes des films sur le marché vidéo des DVD, Blu-Ray et VOD. Afin de combler ce manque, nous avons décidé de mener à bien une expérience auprès d’enfants auxquels nous avons projeté quelques extraits de long-métrages doublés en espagnol. Ils ont ensuite rempli un questionnaire apte à leur stade de développement cognitif, nous aidant à déterminer quelles informations les participants ont-ils acquises en regardant les films. On cherchera ainsi à mieux connaître la répercussion des choix de traduction les plus habituels chez les traducteurs audiovisuels de films d’animation pour enfants. / Audiovisual Translation is the main subject of study of this research, evaluating more particularly the reception of dubbing by a “special” audience of the analyzed corpus, the child. The subtitle of the work –end user perception– reveals its empirical and experimental nature, our main goal being to empirically analyze the reaction of young people to some of the translation’s choices regularly adopted in dubbing animated films. Certain translation strategies and techniques may be used to reach or repel the audience: we will try to examine how they help understanding, make laugh or cry, and ultimately entertain the child.Nowadays, the only way to know if a children film is successful is by checking theaters’ box office and DVD, Blu-ray and VOD sales. In order to fill this gap, we have decided to perform an experiment with children which include the screening of some film clips dubbed in Spanish. Then, they have completed a specific questionnaire adapted to their cognitive development, which helped us to determine the information learned by the experience’s through the film. We thus seek to better understand the impact of the translation’s choices frequently made by audiovisual translators of animated films for children. / La presente tesis doctoral centra su atención en el estudio de la traducción audiovisual, concretamente en el ámbito de la recepción del doblaje por parte de un destinatario final especial, el niño. El subtítulo del trabajo –un estudio de recepción– revela el carácter empírico y experimental del mismo, pues se pretende analizar empíricamente la reacción del público infantil ante algunas soluciones de traducción que se adoptan habitualmente en el cine de animación. El empleo de ciertas estrategias y técnicas de traducción pueden conllevar un acercamiento o alejamiento del producto al receptor, y no sabemos en qué medida éstas facilitan la comprensión, hacen reír o llorar y, en última instancia, entretienen.Hoy en día sólo podemos inferir el éxito de un largometraje para niños, y de su doblaje, a través de su recaudación en taquilla y de las posteriores ventas en el mercado doméstico de DVD, Blu-Ray y plataformas de vídeo por Internet. Con objeto de arrojar luz sobre este ámbito, se ha diseñado un experimento que muestra la reacción de los espectadores infantiles ante un estímulo audiovisual traducido, utilizando como sistema de evaluación un cuestionario adaptado a su desarrollo cognitivo. De este modo, se pretende obtener información acerca de la repercusión de las opciones traductológicas por las que suelen decantarse los traductores audiovisuales de películas de animación para niños.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stockholm University, 2006. / Distributed in print by Almqvist & Wiksell International, Sweden. Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-212).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-253).

Submitted by Ariel Marcelo Fernández Quiroz (rel.fernandezq@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T15:45:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ariel Fernández.pdf: 5074427 bytes, checksum: 67e509c12de12d41d7b1c49b9590090d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paula Torres Monteiro da Torres (paulatms@sjrp.unesp.br) on 2018-07-12T12:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 quiroz_amf_me_sjrp.pdf: 5074427 bytes, checksum: 67e509c12de12d41d7b1c49b9590090d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T12:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 quiroz_amf_me_sjrp.pdf: 5074427 bytes, checksum: 67e509c12de12d41d7b1c49b9590090d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O principal problema da maioria das dublagens de produtos audiovisuais humorísticos são os laugh tracks (sons artificiais de um público rindo), já que toda vez que há trilha sonora de risadas, estas devem coincidir com uma piada para não causar estranheza no público-alvo. Neste trabalho analisaremos, por meio de um corpus paralelo, os problemas de tradução presentes na dublagem de um desses produtos: o seriado “El Chavo del 8” (“Chaves” no Brasil) do espanhol do México para o português do Brasil, com base nas teorias de dublagem fundamentadas por Hurtado Albir (1996); de humor, fundamentadas por Raskin (1987), Bergson (1983), Posada (1995) entre outros; e de técnicas de tradução propostas por Hurtado Albir (2001). Apresentamos uma análise realizada em três etapas: na primeira, criamos um quadro com as minutagens das piadas para cada um dos 18 episódios analisados e uma seção “houve/não houve piada”; na segunda, 12 participantes responderam se houve piada ou não em cada trecho selecionado; finalmente, na terceira etapa, criamos quadros para cada piada nas quais os participantes determinaram que não houve piada e explicamos o motivo dessa perda. Com base na definição dos problemas e nas técnicas de tradução, pretende-se apresentar as possíveis soluções que os tradutores audiovisuais teriam para traduzir as piadas em caso de perda de comicidade. / The main problem with dubbing translation in most humorous audiovisual products is the laugh track, since every time there is a laugh track it must match a joke not to cause any strangeness in the target audience. In this research, we will analyze, through a parallel corpus, the translation problems in the dubbing of the series "El Chavo del 8" ("Chaves" in Brazil) from Mexican Spanish to Brazilian Portuguese, based on theories of audiovisual translation by Hurtado Albir (1996), Humor by Raskin (1987), Bergson (1983) and Posada (1995), and translation strategies by Hurtado Albir (2001).We show an analysis performed in three stages: in the first one, we created tables with the minutes of the jokes in 21 episodes and a “yes / no” joke section; in the second one, 14 participants answered whether or not there was a joke in each selected section; finally, in the third one, we created tables for each joke in which participants determined if there was no joke. Based on the definition of the problems and translation strategies, we intended to offer possible solutions for the audiovisual translators when dealing with jokes. / CNPq:190394/2015-3

This paper aims to study the results of dubbing from Japanese to Swedish using a pivot language. The author examines the Swedish dubbed version of the Japanese animated film Spirited Away by comparing it to the original version and finding differences in what in-formation is conveyed through the dialogue. Because the Swedish dubbed version has been translated using the English language script as a base, the English dubbed version is also examined. The findings are then presented, categorized and analysed according to where the changes have appeared and what they consist of. Finally, the results are dis-cussed and compared to previous findings in the field. The study finds how many lines of dialogue have been altered, and that the use of a pivot language has greatly increased the number of altered lines, although no proof was found of an increased amount of mistrans-lations. The increased amount of altered lines leads to the conclusion that the usage of a pivot language can be problematic.

nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as estratÃgias utilizadas na traduÃÃo de referÃncias culturais na dublagem da sÃrie de TV americana Everybody Hates Chris. Os Estudos Descritivos da TraduÃÃo de Toury (1995) forneceram os fundamentos metodolÃgicos para este trabalho, especialmente no que tange as normas que regem o processo tradutÃrio. A anÃlise das referÃncias culturais baseou-se principalmente em DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) e Antonini (2009). Os conceitos de estrangeirizaÃÃo e domesticaÃÃo estabelecidos por Venuti (1995), bem como o estudo de Ranzato (2013), serviram de base para a classificaÃÃo das estratÃgias de traduÃÃo. O corpus analisado consiste em 66 episÃdios de 20 minutos cada, totalizando 22 horas de material. Na anÃlise, buscou-se, primeiramente, identificar e classificar, de um ponto de vista quali-quantitativo, as referÃncias culturais contidas no texto-fonte. Em seguida, as estratÃgias de traduÃÃo foram classificadas para que fosse possÃvel inferir a influÃncia que cada tipo de referÃncia cultural teve na escolha dessas estratÃgias. Os resultados demonstram que, para cada tipo de referÃncia, foram adotadas estratÃgias diferentes, embora tenha havido uma predominÃncia de estratÃgias estrangeirizadoras. / This research aims to describe the strategies used in the translation of cultural references in the dubbing of the American TV series Everybody Hates Chris. Touryâs Descriptive Translation Studies (1995) laid out the methodological foundations for this paper, especially with regard to the norms which govern the translation process. The analysis of cultural references was primarily based on DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) and Antonini (2009). The concepts of foreignization and domestication, as put forth by Venuti (1995), as well as Ranzatoâs (2013) study, were the basis for the classification of the translation strategies. The corpus analyzed consists of 66 20-min episodes, with a total of 22 hours of material. In the analysis, we first tried to identify and classify, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the cultural references found in the source text. Then, the translation strategies were classified so that we could infer the influence of each kind of cultural reference on the choice of these strategies. Results show that, for each kind of reference, different strategies were adopted, although there was a prevalence of foreignizing strategies.

M.A. (Applied Linguistics and Literary Theory) / Fan subtitling, or fansubbing, has become a new form of subtitling, in which fans, often with little to no training, subtitle a film or series they enjoy, and then release the subtitles or a subtitled version of the film on the internet for free download, often by other fans, who often have an interest in the source language and culture and who may have an interest in using subtitles as a language-learning device. Subtitles produced for this fan audience can differ substantially from those created in a professional environment. For this reason, fansubs could be seen as a new genre of subtitling, employing strategies that would be unacceptable in a professional subtitled product aimed at general consumption. Professional subtitlers and translators are encouraged to follow the norms or ‘best practice’ of their industry in order to produce subtitles that are consistent, of a high quality and that have been made easy to process through methods such as length reduction and domestication. Fansubbers have no such imperatives imposed on their subtitles, being mostly self-taught and often judged by their peers and viewers on the ‘authenticity’ of their translations, rather than by other professionals and their standards. This creates an environment in which more creative translation strategies and presentation become possible, in order to create a translation that will be approved of by fans with a special interest in linguistic and cultural content. This need for the appearance of faithfulness or authenticity seems to result in a more source-oriented and complete translation approach, and a corpus-based investigation of French fansubs appears to confirm this. This dissertation attempts to explore the differences found in the two genres by analysing and comparing a translational corpus of professionally-produced and fanproduced English subtitles of French films. The average length of the subtitles and instances of discourse markers in the two sets of subtitles are compared in order to determine the degree of reduction found in each type of subtitle, and from the source to target culture. The translation strategies used in the two types of subtitling differ, with the fansub opting for a more complete rendering of the source text dialogue and a more source-oriented approach, which retains elements of spoken language found in the film dialogue. It appears that the differences between the target texts may be influenced by very different contexts in which they are produced, and possibly the differing needs and expectations of the audiences of the two genres.

For those who are not new to the world of Japanese animation, known mainly as anime, the debate of "dub vs. sub" is by no means anything out of the ordinary, but rather a very heated argument amongst fans. The study will focus on the differences in the US English version between the two approaches of translating audio-visual media, namely subtitling (official subtitles and fanmade subtitles) and dubbing, in a qualitative context. More precisely, which of the two approaches can store the most information from the same audiovisual segment, in order to satisfy the needs of the anime audience. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis will be conducted on a corpus of 1 episode from the first season of the popular mid-nineties TV animated series, Sailor Moon. The main objective of this research is to analyze the three versions and compare the findings to what anime fans expect each of them to provide, in terms of how culture specific terms are handled, how accurate the translation is, localization, censorship, and omission. As for the fans’ opinions, the study will include a survey regarding the personal preference of fans when it comes to choosing between the official subtitled version, the fanmade subtitles and the dubbed version.

El doblaje y la subtitulación son las dos modalidades de traducción audiovisual (TAV) más practicadas en la actualidad que permiten al público tener acceso a películas extranjeras en su lengua materna. Y Perú no es ajeno a esta realidad. Sin embargo, los estudios en el campo del doblaje y la subtitulación orientados a las preferencias del público por una u otra modalidad son escasos en Latinoamérica y, en particular, en Perú. Para subsanar este vacío, el presente estudio cuantitativo busca dar a conocer cuáles son las preferencias de los estudiantes universitarios en torno al doblaje y a la subtitulación de géneros de cine, así como las opiniones sobre cada una de estas modalidades. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa por medio de un muestreo de tipo intencional que incluyó la aplicación de 200 encuestas a estudiantes de dos universidades (una privada y una pública) de Lima, Perú, y su posterior análisis. Los resultados mostraron que hay una mayor preferencia por la subtitulación y que los géneros que mejor se adecúan a esta modalidad son el drama, el romance y la ciencia ficción. Por otro lado, el género animado es el más adecuado para ser doblado según los encuestados. Asimismo, a partir de las diversas opiniones en torno a la TAV, se puede inferir que existe cierto desconocimiento por parte de los encuestados en cuanto a los procesos y la naturaleza de este tipo de traducción. / At present, dubbing and subtitling are the two most practiced modes of audiovisual translation (AVT), which allow the public to watch foreign movies in their mother tongue. Peru is not alien to that reality. Nevertheless, there are very few studies in Latin America, and more specifically in Peru, focusing on the public preferences for one mode of AVT or the other. In this sense, this quantitative study seeks to know the preferences of university students in regards to dubbing and subtitling of film genres, as well as the opinions about any of these modes. This study employed a quantitative methodology (surveys) with a purposive sample of 200 students from two universities in Lima, Peru (one private and one public). The results showed that there is a greater preference for subtitling and the genres that best suit this mode are drama, romance, and science fiction. As for dubbing, animation is the genre most suitable to be dubbed according to respondents. In addition, considering our respondents’ opinions about AVT, we can infer that their knowledge of the processes and nature of AVT is very limited. / Tesis