The main topic of this thesis is the translation of the food-related cultural references. The theoretical part is primarily focused on translation techniques and strategies which are usually used for the translation of cultural elements. Furthermore, the other objective of this part is to introduce this topic in the context of the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Specifically, it deals with the incorporation of a sociocultural component in the Spanish courses and the translation as a pedagogical tool. The theoretical foundations are put into practice in a translation techniques analysis and there is also a didactic proposal designed for Czech students of Translation and Interpreting.

<p>France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart.</p><p>This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles.</p><p>This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience.</p><p>Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling.</p><p>The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.</p>

nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as estratÃgias utilizadas na traduÃÃo de referÃncias culturais na dublagem da sÃrie de TV americana Everybody Hates Chris. Os Estudos Descritivos da TraduÃÃo de Toury (1995) forneceram os fundamentos metodolÃgicos para este trabalho, especialmente no que tange as normas que regem o processo tradutÃrio. A anÃlise das referÃncias culturais baseou-se principalmente em DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) e Antonini (2009). Os conceitos de estrangeirizaÃÃo e domesticaÃÃo estabelecidos por Venuti (1995), bem como o estudo de Ranzato (2013), serviram de base para a classificaÃÃo das estratÃgias de traduÃÃo. O corpus analisado consiste em 66 episÃdios de 20 minutos cada, totalizando 22 horas de material. Na anÃlise, buscou-se, primeiramente, identificar e classificar, de um ponto de vista quali-quantitativo, as referÃncias culturais contidas no texto-fonte. Em seguida, as estratÃgias de traduÃÃo foram classificadas para que fosse possÃvel inferir a influÃncia que cada tipo de referÃncia cultural teve na escolha dessas estratÃgias. Os resultados demonstram que, para cada tipo de referÃncia, foram adotadas estratÃgias diferentes, embora tenha havido uma predominÃncia de estratÃgias estrangeirizadoras. / This research aims to describe the strategies used in the translation of cultural references in the dubbing of the American TV series Everybody Hates Chris. Touryâs Descriptive Translation Studies (1995) laid out the methodological foundations for this paper, especially with regard to the norms which govern the translation process. The analysis of cultural references was primarily based on DÃaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) and Antonini (2009). The concepts of foreignization and domestication, as put forth by Venuti (1995), as well as Ranzatoâs (2013) study, were the basis for the classification of the translation strategies. The corpus analyzed consists of 66 20-min episodes, with a total of 22 hours of material. In the analysis, we first tried to identify and classify, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the cultural references found in the source text. Then, the translation strategies were classified so that we could infer the influence of each kind of cultural reference on the choice of these strategies. Results show that, for each kind of reference, different strategies were adopted, although there was a prevalence of foreignizing strategies.

France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart. This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles. This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience. Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling. The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the different solutions used when translating cultural references. The source text is an extract from The Omnivore’s Dilemma. A Natural History of Four Meals (2006), written by Michael Pollan, and the material that this study is based on is taken from that text, as well as from my translation of that extract. The theme of the book is American food culture from various perspectives, which results in a culturally specific text. The cultural references in this study regard phenomena such as food-related items, geographical places and names, etc. In the translation of these cultural references, I used a combination of methods. The strategies used were Ingo’s complementary addition, Vinay and Darbelnet’s equivalence and adaptation, as well as Newmark’s transference. The analysis of the translation showed that the most used strategy was transference, which was expected considering that the purpose of the text is to present American food culture and the ambition and aim of the translation was to keep as many cultural references as possible in the target text. One conclusion that could be drawn from the study was that the purpose of the text and the intended TT reader are main factors when deciding how to translate cultural references.

yes / Visual sociology often relies for its content on researcher-created or participant-created images. In this article we discuss our use of existing local history archive images in a participatory film-making project with ten people living in residential dementia care in the Northern UK. We draw on the concept of archaeology in two ways: first, as used by Foucault (1972), who contends that archaeology is a metaphor for exploring traces left by the past in order to understand the present. Secondly, in a more obvious sense–many of the most salient cultural references for our participants related to public buildings and local landmarks that had been demolished, repurposed, or dramatically changed in appearance since their youth. / UK National Institute for Health Research – School for Social Care Research

The aim of this essay is to identify and discuss possible solutions to problems regarding the translation of certain cultural references in blog columns by the American author Jeff Klima. More specifically, these cultural references are general cultural aspects, swear words and references to people. General cultural aspects include references to historical events, religious festivities, publications, cultural stereotypes and culturally based idioms. I use Vinay and Darbelnet’s strategies of direct and oblique translation, as well as Nida’s concepts of formal and dynamic equivalence. I also use Newmark’s strategies of semantic versus communicative translation, and Ingo’s adaption strategy. I find that there is no universal solution applicable to all types of culturally related issues in translation, but that every case is unique and requires a unique solution. What can be said, however, is that semantic translations and word-for-word translations are rarely applicable when it comes to cultural issues. True for all issues, however, is that the translator needs to be perfectly clear on what the author is saying and who the receiver, or target reader, is in order to begin to explore which strategy is best to use.

This paper studies how cultural references and hyphenated premodifiers in an English travel guide about the Caribbean are translated into Swedish. The aim is to investigate what strategies that are used when translating cultural references, and why; as well as to see which grammatical structures that appear when translating hyphenated premodifiers from English to Swedish. The qualitative analysis focuses on how cultural references and hyphenated premodifiers are translated, the strategies/categories used, and the corresponding result. The quantitative analysis aims at summarizing what strategies or grammatical categories that are most commonly used in overcoming these translation issues. The results show that most hyphenated premodifiers are translated with another grammatical structure, namely through premodifying adjectives, without the use of hyphens. Regarding cultural references, equivalence, transference, and generalization were common strategies to convey the same content and sense to the new target readers, whereas the domesticating method together with communicative translation proved to be the most helpful methods.

Notre sujet de recherche est l'étude du phénomène citationnel dans les titres d'articles de la presse russe contemporaine. Les citations présentes dans les titres renvoient à différentes références culturelles textuelles : des citations d'oeuvres littéraires, d'écrits politiques, de textes de chansons, de titres ou de répliques de films, etc. La présente étude est réalisée sur 25 journaux et magazines des années 2002-2004 touchant un lectorat très large, du fait de leur tirage allant de 50000 à 3 millions d'exemplaires. Nous démontrons dans notre étude que ces citations appartiennent au phénomène appelé dans la langue russe "krylatye slova" (paroles ailées) qui désigne le phénomène des citations courantes. Ce phénomène, qui existe dans d'autres langues, n'a jamais été jusqu'à présent l'objet d'étude en tant que phénomène linguistique et culturel en France. L'utilisation de ces citations courantes, connues d'un large public à une époque donnée, dans un pays donné, est un marqueur d'identification nationale pour les locuteurs, qui n'ont pu avoir accès à la majorité de ces références que par l'exposition à une éducation commune et à une vie dans un champ culturel commun. Notre étude de l'utilisation de ces citations dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine donne donc un aperçu sur les références qui constituent le fonds culturel commun des Russes d'aujourd'hui. Notre étude propose également un instrument accessible à tous permettant de découvrir et recenser ces références, actualisées à une époque donnée. / The subject of our research work is the study of the quotations phenomena that appear in the articles titles of the contemporary russian press. These quotations refer to source texts belonging to different categories of the culture : literary works, political works, songs, movies,... Our research work is based on the analysis of articles published in 25 russian newspapers and magazines, mainly on the period 2002-2004. These newspapers and magazines address a wide public, with prints up to 3 millions. We demonstrate in our work that the quotations that may be found in the article titles are "krylatye slova" (winged words, that is to say usual quotations). This phenomena exist as such in russian and german linguistics but has not been studied until now as a specific phenomena in french linguistics. The usage of winged words, quotations widely known by the general public at a given period of time in a specific country, is a sign of national identification for the speakers, as these quotations refer to cultural knowledge they could acquire only through a common education and exposure to life in the same country. Our work gives an overview of the common cultural references of the contemporary russian people, and proposes a tool, accessible to everybody, to discover these references, actualized at a specific period of time.

Denna uppsats består av en längre översättning av förordet samt de tre första kapitlen ur den populärvetenskapliga boken The Forger’s Spell (2009) från engelska till svenska. Till det följer ett avsnitt med kommentarer på översättningsproblem som uppstod under processen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att etablera en lämplig översättningsprincip sett till faktorer som textens genre, position i polysystemet och stilistiska drag samt att skapa en målspråksanpassad översättning. Det översättningsteoretiska ramverket består av Even-Zohars (2012) polysystemteori, där översatt sakprosa befinner sig på en sekundär position i det svenska litterära systemet, vilket pekar mot en målspråksinriktad översättning. Vidare bygger det också på Nidas (2012) dynamiska ekvivalensteori, vars mål är att skapa en ekvivalent läsupplevelse för målspråksläsaren. Ramverket, tillsammans med en analys av källtexten låg till grund för översättningsprincipen som var att skapa en målspråksinriktad översättning. Något som framkom i processen var det faktum att denna översättning innebar en överföring mellan tre kulturer och några intressanta problem uppstod relaterat till detta. Syftet med uppsatsen uppfylldes, en teoretiskt förankrad princip etablerades och en översättning utformades nära utefter den, vilket resulterade i en målspråksanpassad, dynamiskt ekvivalent översättning. / This essay contains a longer translation of an excerpt from English to Swedish of the popular science book The Forger’s Spell by Edward Dolnick, with comments on translation issues that surfaced during the process. The purpose of the essay was to establish a translation principle, suitable for the book’s genre, position within the polysystem, stylistic features as well as creating a target language-oriented translation. The theoretical framework for the essay consisted of Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, by which translated non-fictional prose has a secondary position within the Swedish literary system. This points to it being translated in a target language-oriented manner. It also builds upon Nida’s dynamic equivalence, by which the goal is to create an equivalent reading experience for the target language reader as the source language reader had. This framework, combined with a textual analysis performed on the source text laid the foundation of the translation principle, which was to create a target language-oriented translation. The fact this translation meant a transmission of three different cultures emerged during this process, and some interesting problems related to this needed solving. The purpose of the essay was fulfilled, a theoretically grounded translation principle was established, and a translation was produced closely from it which resulted in a target language oriented, dynamically equivalent translation.