En esta investigación se analizaron la construcción y la traducción de las masculinidades gay en la serie Looking, en sus doblajes para América Latina y España. La investigación se basó en datos empíricos producidos a partir de un corpus multimodal bilingüe. El análisis se basó en los Estudios Descriptivos de la Traducción. Así, se identificaron las funciones del habla camp y discursos que proponen que la identidad gay se significa a partir de la expresión del deseo y que dicho deseo construye de manera diferenciada el cuerpo blanco y masculino frente al cuerpo racializado. En esta configuración discursiva y que integra el camp, el doblaje latinoamericano y peninsular procesan las representaciones diferenciadamente. La versión peninsular recurre a estrategias de naturalización y de recreación; mientras que la versión para Latinoamérica recurre sobre todo a formas de fidelidad lingüística y estandarización sin crear un sentido comunitario gay localizado. In this research, the author analyzes the construction and translation of gay masculinities in HBO’s series Looking, and in its dubbed versions for Latin America and Spain. The methods and analysis were based on Descriptive Translation Studies and on empirical data produced from a multimodal bilingual corpus. The results reveal how camp (in its linguistic form) and the discourses supporting gay identifications function through the expression of homoerotic desire and community. This desire is represented from the standpoint of white and conventionally masculine characters, while eroticizing the racially marked bodies. These discursive practices, including camp talk, are processed differently in the Latin American and Spanish dubbed versions. The peninsular version uses naturalization and recreation strategies while the version for Latin America resorts above all to forms of linguistic fidelity and standardization without creating a sense of a localized gay community. / Tesis

El camp talk es una forma de expresión construida mediante el habla que forma parte de la representación de la identidad de la comunidad LGTB+. Esta forma de expresión se ha visto representada en diversas producciones tanto cinematográficas como en novelas u obras de teatro, por lo que se han traducido del inglés a otros idiomas. Si bien existen investigaciones sobre la traducción del camp talk, estos estudios son limitados, sobre todo en el contexto de los años 90. En esta década, recién se construían equivalentes en español para el vocabulario utilizado por la comunidad LGTB+ a través de las primeras traducciones de productos de consumo masivo como películas o series. Se considera la traducción del camp talk como un problema ya que, para mantener la identidad de la comunidad en cuestión, el texto meta debe cumplir con la función comunicativa del texto fuente y considerar los equivalentes del vocabulario empleado por la comunidad LGTB+. Por esta ra, la presente investigación se centra en dos películas LGTB+ de los años 90, The Birdcage y To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, con la finalidad de analizar la función del camp talk y las técnicas utilizadas para su traducción. Para obtener los resultados, se utilizarán dos técnicas: el análisis de contenido para analizar las funciones del camp talk en la versión original en inglés, y el análisis textual contrastivo para analizar la traducción al español latinoamericano del camp talk e identificar las técnicas de traducción utilizadas. / Camp talk is a form of expression constructed through speech, and this represents the identity of a community, as is the case of the identity of the LGTB+ community. This form of expression has been represented in several film productions, as well as in novels and theatre plays, and has been translated from English into other languages. Although there is research about camp talk translation, these studies are limited, especially those in the 90s. At that decade, spanish equivalents for the vocabulary used by the LGTB+ community were just being constructed through the first translations of mass consumer products such as movies or series. The translation of camp talk is considered a problem since, in order to maintain the identity of the LGTB+ community, the target text must fulfill the communicative function of the source text and consider the equivalents of the vocabulary used by the LGTB+ community. Therefore, the present research focuses on two LGTB+ films from the 90s, The Birdcage and To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, to analyze the function of camp talk and the techniques used for its translation. To obtain the results, two techniques will be used: content analysis, to analyze the functions of camp talk in the original English version and contrastive textual analysis to analyze the Latin American Spanish translation of camp talk and to identify the translation techniques used. / Trabajo de investigación

An enduring Italian tradition of celebrating the voice and the Italian language as seen by the Italian perception and interest in opera has created an environment of celebration for Italian dubbers. The long-established history of opera in Italy, as well as the modern reception of Italian opera, have effectively placed the voice at the forefront of the Italian entertainment industry. This can be seen through an examination of the careers of Italian dubbers and the success that they saw in their industry. The United States did not have a longstanding operatic tradition, and when opera was introduced it was under vastly different circumstances, without the same respect Italy holds for voice and language. American entertainment valued the concept of "celebrity" and the importance of visuals in art over vocal contributions. It provides a flipped version of the Italian model and thereby produced a comparatively negative reaction to dubbing in the United States. This can be seen in an examination of the careers and reception of American dubbers and dubbed films in the United States.

Le doublage, mode de TAV le plus répandu en France, est peu étudié par les chercheurs, pour diverses raisons : difficulté matérielle à saisir la parole orale, dévalorisation culturelle d’un mode né de la volonté des studios américains de toucher un public de masse, impossibilité d’assigner au film un auteur dans une production collective. Mais un cinéma d’auteur existe, en marge du système hollywoodien et donc peu représenté aux États-Unis. Woody Allen, cinéaste américain indépendant des majors, est un cas à part : il a su préserver son autonomie artistique tout en usant de réseaux internationaux de diffusion pour s'assurer une véritable reconnaissance en France, grâce aux VOST et VD de ses films. Cinéma d'auteur et doublage sont pourtant antinomiques : l'un s'adresse à un public élitiste, l'autre s'avère ontologiquement lié à une diffusion de masse. Au cœur de ce paradoxe, la mise en français des films d'Allen doit osciller entre deux pôles, l’un tourné vers la parole de l’auteur, l’autre vers la facilitation du travail du spectateur. On étudie ici comment le doublage a pu négocier en diachronie les contradictions de cette situation et quelle place l’auteur occupe encore en VD. L’approche se fonde sur les théories de la réception et les concepts d’Auteur et Spectateur Modèle qui permettent d’appréhender le fonctionnement des diverses instances en jeu dans le contrat de spectature. Basée sur un corpus de 9 comédies couvrant différents genres abordés par Allen en 30 ans, cette étude descriptive et contrastive compare les VO des films, les traductions éditées en français et les VD en utilisant les outils traductologiques de la théorie bermanienne des tendances déformantes. / Dubbing is the most common AVT technique in France but few scientific studies have beenconducted on the subject, due to everal factors: the difficulty in understanding oral speech, the cultural devaluation of a mode of translation initiated by the American studios to target the masses or the impossibility of assigning an author to a collective production.Nonetheless, a Cinéma d’auteur exists, far from Hollywood studios, and thus quite rare inthe American film system. Woody Allen, an American director independent from theMajors, is a unique example: he has been able to preserve his artistic autonomy while using international distribution channels. They have brought him a real fame in France, thanks tosubtitled and dubbed versions of his films. Cinéma d’auteur and dubbing can however beregarded as an antinomy as the former is supposed to address an elite and the latter isontologically tied to mass media. The « Frenchification » of Allen’s films lies at the veryheart of that paradox and demands a balance between two poles, one leading towards theauthor’s speech, and the other towards the facilitation of the spectator’s work. This dissertation seeks to understand how dubbing has negotiated the contradictions at the veryheart of this situation, and what room is ascribed to the author in the dubbed versions,between the Model Author and Addressee as defined by the reception theories. Based onexamples taken from nine of Allen’s comedies over a 30-year period, this descriptive diachronic and comparative study contrasts the original versions of the films with their translations in French editions and their dubbed versions, using Berman’s theory of « deforming tendancies ».

The aim of this paper was to investigate how a film, and thus story information, is altered through the process of dubbing of a film into a foreign language. My reference films were "Sliding Doors" and its German counterpart "Sie liebt ihn – Sie liebt ihn nicht." (R: Peter Howitt, 1998) / Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Übersetzung fremdsprachlicher Originalfilme ins Deutsche. Insbesondere wurde die Umsetzung des Inhaltes sowie der kulturspezifischen Eigenheiten des Originalfilms untersucht. Der Untersuchung zugrundeliegende Filme: "Sliding Doors" und "Sie liebt ihn - Sie liebt ihn nicht" (R: Peter Howitt, 1998)

Este trabalho busca aproximar a teoria e a prática da tradução para dublagem no Brasil. Para isso, debruçamo-nos sobre as características da tradução audiovisual e sobre o processo de tradução para dublagem. Nossa reflexão se baseia nos princípios postulados pelas teorias da tradução em Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) e Batalha (2007). Além disso, abordamos a sociologia da linguagem e a sociolinguística com o enfoque na variação linguística, conforme Labov (1972), Monteiro (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) e Coseriu (1983), e analisamos a variante de fala do personagem Aldo Raine, do filme Bastardos Inglórios, de Quentin Tarantino, para posteriormente investigar como esse aspecto linguístico é tratado na dublagem brasileira. Desta forma, excertos dos diálogos dublados são analisados e as estratégias e modalidades de tradução utilizadas pelo tradutor são discutidas em cada ocorrência na dublagem brasileira do filme. Através da análise, concluímos que não há padronização nas estratégias utilizadas para traduzir as ocorrências de variação linguística e constatamos, ainda, que muitas vezes a tradução para o português brasileiro é adequada, porém traços linguísticos e extralinguísticos relevantes para a compreensão do personagem e da obra são eliminados no áudio dublado. Por esta razão, sugerimos estratégias a fim de padronizar e auxiliar o trabalho do tradutor para dublagem e do dublador. / This paper aims to assemble theory and practice of dubbing translation in Brazil. Therefore, we focus on the characteristics of audiovisual translation and on the translation process for dubbing. Our reflection is based on the principles postulated by translation theories according to Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) and Batalha (2007). Moreover, we discuss the sociology of language and sociolinguistics, focusing on language variation, according to Labov (1972), Miller (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) and Coseriu (1983), and we analyze the variant of speech of the character Aldo Raine, in the film Inglourious Basterds, by Quentin Tarantino, to further investigate how this linguistic aspect is treated in Brazilian dubbing. Thus, extracts from the dubbed dialogues are analyzed and the translation strategies and methods used by the translator are discussed in each translation unit presented in the dubbed version of the film. Through the analysis, we conclude that there is no standardization in the strategies used to translate instances of language variation, besides the translation for Brazilian Portuguese is adequate, however linguistic and extralinguistic features which are relevant to the understanding about the character and the film itself are eliminated in the dubbed version. For this reason, we propose strategies to standardize and assist the dubbing translation besides the voice actor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AidaCRS.pdf: 186343 bytes, checksum: 50a84ecd73306d77c0bdd56a9c0bc4aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this research we present a study of cultural aspects in dubbed and subtitled films. As a case study, we chose to compare the original French version of "Le fabuleux destin d'Amelie Poulain" with both the subtitled and the dubbed versions in Portuguese, with focus on the interaction between the French and the Brazilian cultures. First we considered that (i) the translation process interferes on the perception of cultural relationships; and that (ii) dubbing and subtitling are two methods of translation that result in distinct perceptions from the spectator. Then, we adopted the translation interpretative theory (Seleskovicth; Lederer, 2001; Deslile, 1980) as the general theoretical framework, since it emphasizes the extralinguistic equivalence on the translation process. Furthermore, we based this research on three analytical procedures, which are: the four-step translating operation, the contrastive perception and a translation's typology based on Vinay and Dalbernet's linguistic procedures (Srpov?, 1991, 1995, 2004). We extracted forty-six culture-related elements from the film and identified those belonging to the French ethno-universe. Then, the elements were classified with respect to a theoretical typology, based on concepts found in the Ethnography of Communication and a general typology, based on five general thematic groups, defined by the corpus. The results showed that both Brazilian versions tend to preserve those culture-related elements by using lexical loan and literal translation. The visual context, in its association with the linguistic procedures in both Brazilian versions, was also observed as an important element to the comprehension of the culture-related elements as they are considered in the French culture. As a general observation, the perception of culture-related elements in the film seems effectively be oriented by the translation methods / Este ? um estudo de caso, no qual realizamos uma an?lise descritiva e interpretativista da vers?o original do filme franc?s O fabuloso destino de Am?lie Poulain (2001), em contraste com as vers?es de legendagem e de dublagem brasileiras, com o intuito de explicitar a intera??o entre as culturas francesa e brasileira. Partimos dos pressupostos de que (i) o ato tradut?rio interfere na percep??o intercultural e (ii) a especificidade de cada modalidade de tradu??o resulta em implica??es distintas para a percep??o. Por privilegiar a equival?ncia extraling??stica na opera??o tradut?ria, adotamos a teoria interpretativa da tradu??o (Seleskovicth; Lederer, 2001; Deslile, 1980) como quadro te?rico geral. Na metodologia, Srpov? (1991, 1995, 2004) nos fornece tr?s recursos anal?ticos, quais sejam: a opera??o tradut?ria em quatro etapas, a tipologia das tradu??es -que se trata de uma reformula??o dos procedimentos ling??sticos propostos por Vinay e Dalbernet (1958) - e a percep??o contrastiva. A partir de um corpus constitu?do de quarenta e seis fragmentos do filme, identificamos os elementos culturais pertencentes ao etno-universo franc?s representado no filme e os classificamos conforme duas tipologias: uma de natureza te?rica, cujas no??es tomamos emprestadas, sobretudo, da Etnografia da Comunica??o; a outra, correspondente a cinco eixos tem?ticos, definidos pela natureza do pr?prio corpus. Os resultados indicam que ambas as tradu??es brasileiras tendem a conservar essas especificidades por empr?stimo lexical e tradu??o literal. Foi constatada, tamb?m, a import?ncia da associa??o dos procedimentos ling??sticos utilizados com o contexto visual, para uma melhor compreens?o do sentido das especificidades culturais francesas, conforme o etno-universo de partida. De maneira geral, a percep??o desses elementos culturais parece ser orientada pelas modalidades de tradu??o adotadas na pesquisa

Este trabalho busca aproximar a teoria e a prática da tradução para dublagem no Brasil. Para isso, debruçamo-nos sobre as características da tradução audiovisual e sobre o processo de tradução para dublagem. Nossa reflexão se baseia nos princípios postulados pelas teorias da tradução em Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) e Batalha (2007). Além disso, abordamos a sociologia da linguagem e a sociolinguística com o enfoque na variação linguística, conforme Labov (1972), Monteiro (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) e Coseriu (1983), e analisamos a variante de fala do personagem Aldo Raine, do filme Bastardos Inglórios, de Quentin Tarantino, para posteriormente investigar como esse aspecto linguístico é tratado na dublagem brasileira. Desta forma, excertos dos diálogos dublados são analisados e as estratégias e modalidades de tradução utilizadas pelo tradutor são discutidas em cada ocorrência na dublagem brasileira do filme. Através da análise, concluímos que não há padronização nas estratégias utilizadas para traduzir as ocorrências de variação linguística e constatamos, ainda, que muitas vezes a tradução para o português brasileiro é adequada, porém traços linguísticos e extralinguísticos relevantes para a compreensão do personagem e da obra são eliminados no áudio dublado. Por esta razão, sugerimos estratégias a fim de padronizar e auxiliar o trabalho do tradutor para dublagem e do dublador. / This paper aims to assemble theory and practice of dubbing translation in Brazil. Therefore, we focus on the characteristics of audiovisual translation and on the translation process for dubbing. Our reflection is based on the principles postulated by translation theories according to Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) and Batalha (2007). Moreover, we discuss the sociology of language and sociolinguistics, focusing on language variation, according to Labov (1972), Miller (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) and Coseriu (1983), and we analyze the variant of speech of the character Aldo Raine, in the film Inglourious Basterds, by Quentin Tarantino, to further investigate how this linguistic aspect is treated in Brazilian dubbing. Thus, extracts from the dubbed dialogues are analyzed and the translation strategies and methods used by the translator are discussed in each translation unit presented in the dubbed version of the film. Through the analysis, we conclude that there is no standardization in the strategies used to translate instances of language variation, besides the translation for Brazilian Portuguese is adequate, however linguistic and extralinguistic features which are relevant to the understanding about the character and the film itself are eliminated in the dubbed version. For this reason, we propose strategies to standardize and assist the dubbing translation besides the voice actor.

Este trabalho busca aproximar a teoria e a prática da tradução para dublagem no Brasil. Para isso, debruçamo-nos sobre as características da tradução audiovisual e sobre o processo de tradução para dublagem. Nossa reflexão se baseia nos princípios postulados pelas teorias da tradução em Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) e Batalha (2007). Além disso, abordamos a sociologia da linguagem e a sociolinguística com o enfoque na variação linguística, conforme Labov (1972), Monteiro (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) e Coseriu (1983), e analisamos a variante de fala do personagem Aldo Raine, do filme Bastardos Inglórios, de Quentin Tarantino, para posteriormente investigar como esse aspecto linguístico é tratado na dublagem brasileira. Desta forma, excertos dos diálogos dublados são analisados e as estratégias e modalidades de tradução utilizadas pelo tradutor são discutidas em cada ocorrência na dublagem brasileira do filme. Através da análise, concluímos que não há padronização nas estratégias utilizadas para traduzir as ocorrências de variação linguística e constatamos, ainda, que muitas vezes a tradução para o português brasileiro é adequada, porém traços linguísticos e extralinguísticos relevantes para a compreensão do personagem e da obra são eliminados no áudio dublado. Por esta razão, sugerimos estratégias a fim de padronizar e auxiliar o trabalho do tradutor para dublagem e do dublador. / This paper aims to assemble theory and practice of dubbing translation in Brazil. Therefore, we focus on the characteristics of audiovisual translation and on the translation process for dubbing. Our reflection is based on the principles postulated by translation theories according to Hurtado Albir (2001), Nord (2009), Aubert (1993), Amorim (2005), Catford (1980), Bassnnett (2005) and Batalha (2007). Moreover, we discuss the sociology of language and sociolinguistics, focusing on language variation, according to Labov (1972), Miller (2000), Bright (1966), Fishman (1972) and Coseriu (1983), and we analyze the variant of speech of the character Aldo Raine, in the film Inglourious Basterds, by Quentin Tarantino, to further investigate how this linguistic aspect is treated in Brazilian dubbing. Thus, extracts from the dubbed dialogues are analyzed and the translation strategies and methods used by the translator are discussed in each translation unit presented in the dubbed version of the film. Through the analysis, we conclude that there is no standardization in the strategies used to translate instances of language variation, besides the translation for Brazilian Portuguese is adequate, however linguistic and extralinguistic features which are relevant to the understanding about the character and the film itself are eliminated in the dubbed version. For this reason, we propose strategies to standardize and assist the dubbing translation besides the voice actor.

In this study I have evaluated the answers from 39 informants regarding their attitudes towards the translations of English-language movies and TV series into Swedish. In addition the informants also answered questions on how they perceive their own proficiency in English. The ages of the informants range from 12 to past retirement age. The informants have different backgrounds in terms of education, but all of them have Swedish as their native language.    This study shows that there is a certain level of discontent, amongst viewers in Sweden, when it comes to the quality, of subtitling and dubbing in audiovisual media. Due to these findings I ultimately argue that the area of audiovisual media is in need of further research and possibly improvements as well.