The first objective of this research was to investigate the predictive validity of the learning potential as measured by Ability, Processing of Information and Learning Potential Short Version (APIL SV) in predicting work performance. The second objective was to investigate the predictive validity of personality as measured by the Occupational Personality Questionnaire Ipsative (OPQ32i) in predicting work performance. The sample consisted of 104 employees of a public sector department. Learning potential and personality were the predictor/independent variables; work performance as measured by supervisory rating was the only criterion/dependent variable of the study. The results revealed that both the APIL SV and the OPQ 32i dimensions did not correlate significantly with work performance as measured by supervisor rating. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The aim of this thesis is to describe the cognitive profile, including the developed and deficient cognitive functions, in a group of children and adolescents with specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces Reuven Feuerstein's work, especially his concepts of structural cognitive modifiability and mediated learning experience, the theory of cognitive deficits, cognitive map and Feuerstein's instrumental enrichment programme. The characteristics of traditional and dynamic assessment, basic differences between these diagnostic approaches and cognitive symptoms of specific learning disabilities are also described in the thesis. The results of the examination of twenty-eight DYS-centrum's clients with specific learning disabilities are qualitatively analyzed in the empirical part. We focus on their developed and deficient cognitive functions, their fulfilment of complex tasks, a preferred modality in which the tasks are presented, and differences between the results obtained through static and dynamic testing. The results collected from individual subjects are finally compared and visualized using figures and graphs which gives an overview of the studied phenomena throughout the whole research sample. We found all the clients of the research sample having following...

AFRIKAANS : ‘n Intra-vergelykende verkenning is onderneem van die gebruik van simboliese materiaal in projeksieplate met kinders. Ondersoek is ingestel na die appèlwaarde en stimuluspotensiaal van projeksieplate met simboliese materiaal. ‘n Meervoudige gevallestudie-model met vier deelnemers is gevolg. ‘n Postmoderne, kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp met die sosiaal-konstruktivistiese perspektief as grondslag, het as raamwerk vir hierdie studie gedien. Die response op die projeksieplate met simboliese materiaal is intra-vergelykend geweeg teen die response op die TAT-plate. Die wyse waarop kinders se response beïnvloed is deur die gebruik van simboliese materiaal in projeksieplate, hoe projektief betekenisvol die response was en die duidinge wat volgens die projeksie-, struktuur- en meta-analise na vore gekom het, is verken. Hoofbevindinge dui op geval-unieke response wat deur die projeksieplate met simboliese materiaal ontlok is. Alhoewel hoë appèlwaarde bevind is, het meer assosiasies eerder as projeksies voorgekom. Relevante projeksie-inhoud is egter wel deur die projeksieplate met simboliese materiaal ontlok, alhoewel die projeksie-inhoud minder eksplisiet voorgekom het. ENGLISH : An intra- comparative exploration of the utility of symbolic material in projection plates for assessment purposes with children was undertaken. Investigation was specifically centred on the appeal value and stimulus potential of projection plate content with symbolic material depictions. A Postmodern, qualitative research approach was maintained and the social-constructivist paradigm functioned as a framework for the study. Within this overarching design framework, a multiple case study design was used and four children acted as case participants. The responses of each child participant to the projection plates with symbolic material illustrations were compared with his/her responses to Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) projection plates. In particular, the manner in which the children’s responses were influenced by the use of symbolic material in projection plates, how qualitatively meaningful their responses were and the indicators that came to the fore in the projection, structure and meta analyses were explored. The study’s main findings indicate case-specific responses that were elicited by the projection plates with symbolic material. Although the symbolic material projection plates were found to have heightened appeal value for the participants in this study, more associations rather than actual projections were apparent. Relevant projection content was thus found although it was not so explicit as in the case of the projection content found in the TAT responses. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The current supplementary web based English learning in Taiwan provides online learning resources and gives assessments at the end of each lesson to evaluate learners' online learning results. Based on the testing results, instructors may adjust their in-class instructional method to focus on the students' weaknesses. For the average classroom size of 40 students with one instructor, it is extremely difficult to provide individual learning content for each learner's needs because each student has his or her own weaknesses. This study conducted the situated environment with Vygotsky's dynamic assessment theory to test learner's learning achievements and satisfactions as compared to the current web learning environment. The study finds that when both groups of Taiwanese students used Internet based learning, those that utilized the situated and dynamic learning assessment environment showed a statistically significant higher achievement score than those using only the current online learning environment (p < .01). In addition, learners in the SDLA environment had statistically significant higher satisfaction scores than those in the current web learning environment.

L'étude des interactions précoces est complexe mais essentielle à la compréhension de la psychopathologie de la petite enfance. La négligence émotionnelle est une forme courante mais discrète de maltraitance. Elle correspond à une défaillance chronique de la part du parent à offrir à l'enfant, au sein de leur relation, un environnement affectif suffisamment bon pour son développement. Notre recherche explore les interactions précoces mère-enfant de ces situations de négligence émotionnelle par une approche transdisciplinaire à travers deux dimensions : la synchronie et la mentalisation réflexive maternelle. La synchronie est une caractéristique dyadique et temporelle de l'interaction qui traduit la fluidité et la qualité d'un échange par une adaptation dynamique et réciproque des comportements et états émotionnels des partenaires interactifs. Elle constitue un signal social en soi, facteur de qualité de l'interaction. La mentalisation réflexive, traduction du terme Insightfulness (Oppenheim, 2001), évoque la capacité du parent à prendre le point de vue de l'enfant et à comprendre, de façon empathique, les motivations sous-jacentes à ses comportements. Les objectifs de cette recherche sont (1) d'analyser la dynamique comportementale des interactions précoces en élaborant une méthodologie d'analyse computationnelle et (2) d'évaluer l'influence des capacités maternelles de mentalisation réflexive et notamment de leur dynamique intrapsychique, sur la dynamique interactive, dans les situations de négligence émotionnelle. Des mères et leur enfant de 13 à 38 mois, appartenant au groupe en situation de négligence émotionnelle (N=10) et au groupe contrôle sans trouble des interactions (N=9), sont filmés au cours d'un jeu interactif libre. Les vidéos font l'objet d'une double évaluation clinique et computationnelle. La première permet d'obtenir une évaluation clinique globale de la qualité de l'interaction par le Coding Interactive Behavior (Feldman et Keren 1998; Viaux 2014). La seconde, par les techniques de traitement du signal social, offre l'accès à une micro-analyse computationnelle des mouvements des partenaires et de leurs échanges dyadiques. Dans un second temps, 14 mères (n=7 mères en situation de négligence et n=7 mères sans trouble des interactions) ont visionné des extraits de la vidéo de leurs interactions, au cours d'un entretien semi-structuré, l'Insightfulness Assessment (Oppenheim et Koren-Karie, 2001) afin d'évaluer leurs capacités de mentalisation réflexive. Une analyse additionnelle des verbatim a permis d'accéder à des éléments de la dynamique intrapsychique. Les résultats mettent en évidence de nombreuses corrélations significatives les dimensions du CIB (notamment la sensibilité, l'intrusivité maternelle et la réciprocité dyadique) et la micro-analyse automatique (à travers l'activité du corps de la mère). Par ailleurs, les situations de négligence émotionnelle présentent des difficultés de mentalisation empathique. Les entretiens sont caractérisés par des représentations appauvries de leur enfant et des difficultés d'élaboration autour des affects et de la relation mère enfant. La dynamique intrapsychique, influencée par les problématiques inconscientes, s'associe en partie à la dynamique interactive comportementale. Il apparaît que la compréhension de la qualité de l'interaction peut passer par une observation sur une échelle de temps réduite de la dynamique interactive. Par ailleurs, un entretien avec support vidéo étaye l'élaboration de la mère et favorise une mise en mouvement intrapsychique, pouvant constituer ainsi un levier thérapeutique. / Studying early interaction is complex but essential for understanding psychopathology during infancy. Emotional Neglect is a common but insidious form of child maltreatment. It refers to parental failure to give children an emotional environment that allows adequate psychological, cognitive and physical development. We explore mother-infant interaction in these situations following a transdisciplinary approach which consider Synchrony and Insightfulness. Synchrony is a dynamic and reciprocal adaptation of the temporal structure of behaviour and shared affect between interactive partners. It is regarded as a social signal per se. Insightfulness involves the parents' ability to see things from the child point of view and to empathically think about and consider the motives underlying their childrens' behaviour. The aims of this research are (A) to report a novel method to assess features of interactive behavioral dynamics and (B) to assess/underline the impact of Insighfulness, in particular its dynamics, on interactive behavioral dynamics in case/situations of severe emotional neglect. Mothers and children aged from 13 to 38 months (10 in situation of severe emotional neglect and 10 controls) are video recorded during free play. Features of social signal extract by our automatic computational method are compared to qualitative interaction assessment by using the Coding Interactive Behaviour in its French version (Feldman et Keren 1998; Viaux 2014). Secondly, 14 mothers (7 in situation of emotional neglect and 7 without interaction problem) are interviewed during a video-feedback session by using the Insightfulness Assessment (Oppenheim, Koren-Karie, 2001) to assess Insightfulness. An additional qualitative verbatim analysis was performed to explore intrapsychic dynamics. Self-administered questionnaires (BITSEA and Care Support) are proposed to mothers. Results show that individual and synchrony motion features perfectly correlates CIB composite scores trough maternal sensitivity, intrusivity and dyadic reciprocity. Furthermore, pathological mothers are mostly categorised as non-Insighful. Interviews are characterized by poor representations and a lack of elaboration. Intrapsychic dynamics is partly associated with interactive behavioral dynamics. We conclude that computational method might be promising for future studies. It opens an observation window to understand early interactions by changing the time scale. Moreover, interview with a video support seems to underpin maternal elaboration and enhance an intrapsychic movement.

Работа посвящена теоретическому обоснованию, разработке и экспериментальной проверке методики формирования англоязычной лексической компетенции средствами динамического оценивания. В первой части работы рассматриваются теоретические вопросы методики обучения английской лексике, исследуются современные методы оценивания уровня лексической компетенции учащихся. Особое внимание уделяется методике, базирующейся на применении динамического оценивания при обучении иностранному языку в целом, и лексике в частности. Во второй части работы описывается эксперимент, целью которого является исследование влияния динамического оценивания на усвоение новых слов при обучении лексике английского языка. Для проверки эффективности разработанной методики в работе проводится сравнение результатов применения двух разных методик: традиционной (в контрольной группе) и разработанной (в экспериментальной группе). Для проведения обучения в экспериментальной группе была разработана и применена специальная процедура динамического оценивания, включающая пять шагов, применяемых в строго определенной последовательности, чтобы соответствовать концепции «зоны ближайшего развития» Выготского. В качестве инструмента для отбора и проверки качества усвоения новой лексики в работе используется тест, базирующийся на применении шкалы Vocabulary knowledge scale (VKS) (5-ти уровневая шкала, позволяющая измерить степень знания слова). Для обработки полученных результатов применяются статистические методы. Полученные в ходе эксперимента результаты показали, что применение динамического оценивания действительно оказывает положительное влияние на усвоение новых слов при обучении лексике английского языка и способствует развитию способностей к наиболее эффективному усвоению материала обучающимися. Результаты проведенного исследования могут помочь в разработке эффективных методик преподавания английской языка, в частности, применения мнемотехники для запоминания активной английской лексики. / The paper considers theoretical foundation, development and experimental application of the methodology of English lexical competence formation by means of dynamic assessment. The first part of the paper deals with theoretical issues of English vocabulary teaching and investigates modern methods of assessing lexical competence of students. Emphasis is placed on the methodology based on the use of dynamic assessment in teaching a foreign language in general, and vocabulary in particular. The second part of the work describes the experiment aimed at studying the effect of dynamic assessment on the assimilation of new words while learning English vocabulary. To test the effectiveness of the developed methodology, the work compares the results of the application of two different methods: traditional (in the control group) and dynamic (in the experimental group). To conduct training in the experimental group, a special dynamic assessment procedure was developed and applied, which includes five steps, applied in a strictly defined sequence in order to correspond to the concept of Vygotsky's "Zone of proximal development". The Vocabulary knowledge scale (VKS) (5-level scale, allowing to measure the degree of knowledge of the word) test is used as a tool for selecting and testing the quality of mastering the new vocabulary. Statistical methods are used to process the results. The results of the experiment demonstrated positive effect of application of dynamic assessment on the assimilation of new words when teaching English vocabulary. Dynamic assessment contributes to the development of the ability to most effectively assimilate the material by students. The results of the study can help to develop effective methods of teaching English, for example, the use of mnemonic techniques to memorize active English vocabulary.

L’évaluation dynamique est une approche d’évaluation interactive et individualisée qui permet au médiateur d’observer les difficultés de l’élève sous divers angles et d’interagir avec ce dernier (Dorier et al., 2018) en utilisant différentes interventions pédagogiques. Dans cette étude de cas, nous avons fait l’analyse d’une vidéo présentant une séance d’évaluation dynamique comprenant plusieurs (18) tâches scolaires sur la numération positionnelle et décimale afin d’identifier des avantages et des limites de l’utilisation de cette approche auprès d’un élève du 2e cycle du primaire en difficulté d’apprentissage. Nous avons utilisé plusieurs outils d’analyse combinant les travaux de Giroux sur l’évaluation en mathématiques, de Zimmerman sur l’autorégulation, de Bégin sur les stratégies cognitives et de Myara sur le PCÉD pour centrer nos observations sur les habiletés cognitives et stratégiques de l’élève et sur ses connaissances mathématiques. Les interventions du médiateur et ses interactions avec l’élève ont été catégorisées selon l’objectif visé et hiérarchisées selon le niveau de soutien qui permettait à l’élève de progresser au cours des tâches. Plusieurs avantages ont été relevées dont l’interaction qui permet d’affiner les informations sur les connaissances de l’élève et ses capacités d’apprentissage, de même que l’importance de l’expérience et des connaissances du médiateur en pédagogie pour diversifier ses interventions. Cependant, des limites ont également été relevées, notamment le temps relativement long requis pour cette évaluation. Notre recherche a permis de mieux connaître cette approche d’évaluation et de démontrer l’intérêt d’utiliser des grilles d’observation afin d’analyser les comportements du médiateur et de l’élève. / Dynamic assessment is an interactive and individualized assessment approach that allows the mediator to observe the student's difficulties from various angles and to interact with the student (Dorier et al., 2018) using different pedagogical interventions. In this case study, we analyzed a video presenting a dynamic assessment session comprising several (18) school tasks on positional and decimal numeration in order to identify the advantages and limits of the use of this approach with an elementary cycle 2 student with learning difficulties. We used several analytical tools combining the work of Giroux on assessment in mathematics, Zimmerman on self-regulation, Bégin on cognitive strategies and Myara on PCÉD to focus our observations on the cognitive and strategic skills of student and their mathematical knowledge. The interventions of the mediator and his interactions with the student were categorized according to the targeted objective and prioritized according to the level of support that allowed the student to progress during the tasks. Several advantages have been identified, including the interaction that allows information on the student's knowledge and learning abilities to be refined, as well as the importance of the experience and knowledge of the mediator in pedagogy to diversify his interventions. However, limitations were also noted, including the relatively long time required for this assessment. Our research has made it possible to better understand this evaluation approach and to demonstrate the interest of using observation grids to analyze the behavior of the mediator and the student.

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Student selection is particularly challenging in South Africa. Heterogeneous educational backgrounds require that it is necessary to assess prospective students' potential rather than their current abilities that crystallised from inadequate school education. Dynamic assessment assesses learning potential versus traditional psychometric measures, which are static measures of cognitive ability, measuring what a person has already learned. The aim was to determine the predictive validity of a selection battery. The following predictors were included in the study; matric results, Potential Index Battery, LPCAT, bridging course status and gender. The results confirmed that static measures of intelligence and matric results showed lower predictive validity than learning potential tests. The learning potential measure appeared to be a more valid predictor of academic performance and is suitable to include in a selection battery. Gender and bridging course factors did not reflect significant differences in academic performance. There were indications that students perform better in successive years of study, once they have adjusted to tertiary education. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Student selection is particularly challenging in South Africa. Heterogeneous educational backgrounds require that it is necessary to assess prospective students' potential rather than their current abilities that crystallised from inadequate school education. Dynamic assessment assesses learning potential versus traditional psychometric measures, which are static measures of cognitive ability, measuring what a person has already learned. The aim was to determine the predictive validity of a selection battery. The following predictors were included in the study; matric results, Potential Index Battery, LPCAT, bridging course status and gender. The results confirmed that static measures of intelligence and matric results showed lower predictive validity than learning potential tests. The learning potential measure appeared to be a more valid predictor of academic performance and is suitable to include in a selection battery. Gender and bridging course factors did not reflect significant differences in academic performance. There were indications that students perform better in successive years of study, once they have adjusted to tertiary education. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)