Mobile payment is a new payment method that is being introduced on the Swedish market, but has not yet come to its breakthrough. This thesis investigates the attitude the Swedish consumer has towards mobile payment. Based on previous surveys and theory, three main attributes, security, privacy and convenience, were chosen to represent the attitude of the consumer towards mobile payment. In order to analyze the data obtained from the surveys conducted, the multi-attribute attitude model was used. The model showed that convenience was the most beneficial attribute in mobile payment, followed by security and then privacy. Security was the attribute that the survey participants valued the most when it comes to payment methods, but was also the attribute they thought that mobile payment would lack the most. Therefore security was determined to be the most important aspect when it comes to the success of mobile payment.

As competition among on-line retailers escalates, more services are added to increase shopping convenience, such as free delivery, 24-hour arrival, payment-pickup service in the assigned convenience stores, etc. Many e-commerce researches have included convenience as a critical factor on on-line shopping attitudes and behavior. Although the importance of convenience in on-line shopping (this is abbreviated as e-Convenience) is recognized, very few studies have discussed it in detail. After a review of convenience literature, including physical convenience and e-Convenience, this study proposes a theoretical model to systematically evaluate e-Convenience. We first define e-Convenience with its three constructs relating to the shopping and purchasing process. These are shopping convenience, delivery convenience and post-purchase convenience. The antecedent factors are on-line shopping characteristics, such as one-stop shopping, website design, shopping service, personalized touch, and exhaustive information characteristics. In addition, the dependent factors include satisfaction and loyalty. The discussions in this paper clarify the meaning of e-Convenience and provide further commentary on the role that it plays nowadays on e-shopping.

Under the breakthrough of developing a series of technique in chain store management in terms of the inspiration of those knowledge imported by the main economic advanced nations, America and Japan, in the era of 1970, our traditional business model in Taiwan experiences an unexpected attack under the trend. However, comparatively, some retail chain industry still exploits this creation and gets good grades in running the business. With the rise of the E-commerce in B2C, the issue of how to use present resource and organization to integrate the virtual channel and market of E-commerce is quite essential for us to discuss. First of all, we collect related data and references as followings for the study: 1. Analyze the information of intra and extra e-commerce market. 2. Probe the key factors of developing e-commerce in B2C. 3. Anatomize the theory of competitive strategy. 4. Analyze the industrial ecology of intra convenience store. Second, interview with several related directors and staffs according to the information above. Furthermore, infer the conflict points and key factors in developing e-commerce in B2C by the case company in terms of the data corresponding integration. At last, submit the conclusion in the light of case study. Not only give the company and the whole retail chain industry some suggestions by the result of the research, but also expect to contribute the achievement to the retail chain industry in devoting the efforts in e-commerce of B2C. The crucial contributions of the study are: 1.Record the procedure and the process of importing e-commerce in B2C of the case company. 2.Analyze the case company in carrying out the strategic model of e-commerce so as to provide some references to the practical and academic field. 3.Probe the consideration and the intention of the case company to terminate and transfer the shopping network.

Abstract It was on Nov 19th 2005 that the Japanese Fishery Delegation announced in the annual conference of International Commission For The Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) that Taiwanese Atlantic Tuna Fishing Vessel Fleet laundered the fish at the high sea, violating the regulations on the Conservation of Tuna. As a result, they completely amputated the quota of tuna fish sales to Japan (quota) and cancelled the status of member nation in ICCAT. Finally, Taiwanese Fishery Delegation remained the member nation status unchanged after our efforts to explain the tough situation facing Taiwanese Tuna Fishing industry to Japan, but the quota was greatly downsized to 4,600 Metric Tons. Such severe action of revenge not only resulted in the complete collapse of Taiwan¡¦s Tuna Fishing activities in the Atlantic Ocean but also exposed Taiwanese Far Sea Fishing management to the International Fishery nations¡¦ practical competition crisis. The development of Taiwan¡¦s Far Sea Tuna Fishing Industry has extended across Tri-ocean. Taiwan has the most Tuna Long Liners, and our catches have exceeded those from some other countries, ranking No.1 in the world. Therefore, it has undeniably had a great influence on the development of some other nations¡¦ fishing industry. Moreover, Taiwanese fishing business owners have taken every opportunistic ways to sell the fish out of the quota to Japan. We were able to survive by good luck in the transitional period of fishing development before the year of 2000. But Tri-ocean Tuna Conservation Commissions have greatly increased the awareness of concept of Tuna Conservation in recent days, so it was unavoidable that they will impose as certain of regulations on the catch. If both Taiwan¡¦s government and fishing business owner don¡¦t find a solution to this sticky problem, it is just a matter of time that Taiwanese Long Liners will be evicted from Tri-Ocean. This research was started in the development process of Taiwan¡¦s Far Sea Tuna Industry, introducing the Tuna Conservation organizations of Tri-Ocean, (ICCAT, WCPFC, IATTC, IOTC, CCSBT), and the profiles on nutrition facts of Tuna Fish, fishing method and Fishing cooperation. This research also further groped and analyzed how both Taiwanese Fishing Authority and Fishing business owners reacted to the sanction pressure facing Taiwan in Tri-Ocean regions. This research will be used as the reference for both Taiwan¡¦s far sea Tuna Business owners and its decision-makers in face of meeting the severe pressure created by international quota. It will be instrumental to promoting Tuna fish consumption also. Keywords: Flag Of Convenience, Fishing Cooperation, Quota¡FTuna Long Liner, Sashimi Fishing Vessel.

In the development and utilization of living marine resources, fish resources have faced the hazard of exhaustion due to the over-fishing of those resources. Thus, to preserve world food security for future generations, sustained conservation of living aquatic resources has been the objective of the new International Fisheries Management System. Taiwan is one of the major ocean-going fishing countries which will bear the brunt. In recent years, strict measures have been adopted by the new International Fisheries Management Convention, the competition of foreign fishing fleets of other countries has increased, and the Taiwanese government¡¦s has implemented a reduction policy on the number of purse seine fishing vessels. Therefore, some shipowners purchased used vessels or built new vessels and registered those vessels under flags of convenience ¡]FOC¡^in order to avoid the above mentioned Restrictive Policy on the building of new fishing vessel which complies with the requirements of Responsible Fisheries and the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. The FOC vessels are the consequence arising from this situation. The FOC vessels are boycotted by the international society and are unable to obtain the quota from the International Fisheries Management Organization since they are beyond the management and control of the law and regulations. There will be a threat of survival if those vessels fail to find normalization. First of all, the purpose of this research is to analyze the future development of the fishing industry, in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, and the impact of the FOC vessels on this development. Second, it is to find methods in which the shipowners of those FOC vessels can relocate their statuses and integrate the resources of the owner¡¦s countries and coastal countries, under the requirements of United Nations Convention the Law of the Sea and the international documents which were developed in pursuance of this Convention. At the same time, we hope to find a suitable balance between competition in the fishery industry and the marine biosphere through the evaluation of the advantages and strategies on the localization of foreign investment for FOC vessels and the analysis of cases studies. Then we may work out the best investment strategy of the localization and normalization of the FOC vessels. We wish that shipowners of FOC vessels could base themselves on Taiwan¡¦s development, obtain legalized status and a new opportunity for survival, under the new development trend of International Fisheries Management Convention and coordination of the investment plan in the costal countries. Finally, we hope that during the processing of the FOC vessels¡¦ normalization from its present status, shipowners will be able to give consideration to our government¡¦s weak status in international society and the advantages of costal countries. We will then be able gain the rewards from the best investment strategy. Keyword: fishery, flags of convenience, responsible fisheries, localization, foreign investment

A focus group study of fourteen University of Saskatchewan second to fourth year humanities and social science undergraduate students was conducted in the fall of 2011. The purpose of the research was to determine how students learn about library resources and services. Findings indicate that the participants often use a variety of informal, self-directed and information sharing strategies. Seeking help from professors, peers, friends, and family members is a common practice. Convenience, familiarity, and perceived knowledge are key factors that determine who and how these students learn about the library. Formal instruction and seeking assistance from librarians did not resonate for participants as a typical approach for learning about the library. The author suggests that undergraduate students engage in informal learning and information sharing as many ‘adult learners’ do, similar to an employment setting. The library, within the formal educational structure, lends itself to a more informal learning context. The study concludes that libraries must continue to develop resources, services, and innovative programs that support students’ informal learning styles, while also providing formal instruction as part of the undergraduate curriculum ensuring students are exposed early on to core foundational skills that contribute to their success as informal and self-directed learners.

The application of visible/near-infrared hyper-spectral analysis to monitor the quality of frying oil and fried breaded chicken nuggets was investigated. / Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed to predict the acid value, total polar components and viscosity of heated oils with different ratios of hydrogenation. Coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated to assess the performance of each model. Results of the study demonstrated good prediction ability of the calibration models for the quality parameters with R2 values of over 0.92. / The second study was based on developing calibration models for prediction of moisture and fat contents of fried breaded chicken nuggets with different levels of moisture and fat contents. Performing the same procedure for evaluation of the PLS calibration models, results of the study demonstrated that moisture and fat contents of fried breaded chicken nuggets could be predicted with R2 values of 0.92.

This study presents techniques that can be applied to optimize the quality of coated fried chicken nuggets. / Heat and mass transfer during deep fat frying of breaded chicken nugget was simultaneously modeled using the moving boundary concept. Numerical software FEMLABRTM 3.0 was used to solve the proposed model. To validate the model, experiments were conducted. Chicken nuggets were made with wheat flour based batter and breading. The samples were fried in a fryer using oil temperatures at 160, 170 and 180°C. Total frying times ranged from 90 to 300 s. A good agreement was obtained between predicted and observed results. / During the deep-frying process, the chicken nuggets samples shrank because of moisture loss and protein denaturation. Particle density and bulk volume shrinkage were analyzed at 3 different frying temperatures (160, 170 and 180°C). Particle density and shrinkage of the samples was measured using the liquid displacement technique with water. A linear relation was found for particle densities with moisture loss. The relationship between volumetric shrinkage and moisture loss was also found to be linear and the linear equation may be useful in predicting the volumetric shrinkage during frying. / In order to reduce the oil absorption of chicken nuggets during the frying process, the influence of pretreatment in microwave on the moisture and oil transfer in the coating and core layers of coated chicken nuggets were studied. Chicken nuggets pretreated in a microwave oven for 1 or 2 min were fried at 160°C for times ranging from 90 to 300 s to evaluate oil transfer. Microwave pretreatment had an important effect on moisture loss and oil uptake of chicken nuggets during deep-fat frying.

This study researches the topic customer service of convenience sores. Two objectives are set, namely to measure the customer service levels of convenience stores, and then to determine if any differences exist between customer perceptions and customer expectations. The literature review covers two models of service quality, namely the Kano model and the SERVQUAL model. Both the Kano model and the SERVQUAL model are client service models that currently exist in practice. The Kano model provides insights into the dynamics of customer preferences and their needs, which ensures the delivery of successful products and services. The SERVQUAL method is a technique that can be used for performing a gap analysis of an organisation's service quality performance against customer service quality needs. Because of SERVQUAL's strong empirically based methodology and popularity amongst services organisations who aims to improve their service quality, SERVQUAL is the research methodology of choice. The empirical research was done by collecting primary data from a selected group, using the SERVQUAL questionnaire to measure customer expectation and customer perception. The sample size is 65 respondents, and they all responded by completing the structured SERVQUAL questionnaires. A seven-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. A "1" was labelled as "strongly disagree" while a "7" was labelled as "strongly agree". The reliability of the data was confirmed by means of Cronbach alpha and a-values of 0.879 (customers' perceptions) and 0.906 (customers' expectations) showed satisfactory reliability. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate mean values of the criteria while principle factor analyses were employed to extract factors from both groups of data. The factors pertaining to the perceived service has been identified as Employee Mind-Set (explaining the variance of 29.72%), Excellent Service (19.14%) and Display (8.92%). Regarding the factor analysis of the expected levels of service, the factors identified are: Employee Mindset (35.78%), Service Reputation (25.22%) and Transactions (5.90%). From the research it became evident that the three major recommendations to managers of convenience stores who aims to improve their service quality are managerial actions focussed at: *Internal training. *Induction programmes *Surveys (further research and monitoring). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

This study researches the topic customer service of convenience sores. Two objectives are set, namely to measure the customer service levels of convenience stores, and then to determine if any differences exist between customer perceptions and customer expectations. The literature review covers two models of service quality, namely the Kano model and the SERVQUAL model. Both the Kano model and the SERVQUAL model are client service models that currently exist in practice. The Kano model provides insights into the dynamics of customer preferences and their needs, which ensures the delivery of successful products and services. The SERVQUAL method is a technique that can be used for performing a gap analysis of an organisation's service quality performance against customer service quality needs. Because of SERVQUAL's strong empirically based methodology and popularity amongst services organisations who aims to improve their service quality, SERVQUAL is the research methodology of choice. The empirical research was done by collecting primary data from a selected group, using the SERVQUAL questionnaire to measure customer expectation and customer perception. The sample size is 65 respondents, and they all responded by completing the structured SERVQUAL questionnaires. A seven-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. A "1" was labelled as "strongly disagree" while a "7" was labelled as "strongly agree". The reliability of the data was confirmed by means of Cronbach alpha and a-values of 0.879 (customers' perceptions) and 0.906 (customers' expectations) showed satisfactory reliability. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate mean values of the criteria while principle factor analyses were employed to extract factors from both groups of data. The factors pertaining to the perceived service has been identified as Employee Mind-Set (explaining the variance of 29.72%), Excellent Service (19.14%) and Display (8.92%). Regarding the factor analysis of the expected levels of service, the factors identified are: Employee Mindset (35.78%), Service Reputation (25.22%) and Transactions (5.90%). From the research it became evident that the three major recommendations to managers of convenience stores who aims to improve their service quality are managerial actions focussed at: *Internal training. *Induction programmes *Surveys (further research and monitoring). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.