by Tang Mui-Yin Helen, Wong Man-Lai Bridget. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 185-188.

Enquanto faz suas compras, o consumidor despende tempo e esforço para a realização de várias tarefas como o deslocamento até a loja, a busca por informação sobre o produto desejado, a localização do produto dentro da loja até sua efetiva posse, após a finalização da transação no caixa. É a conveniência o atributo que minimiza os gastos de tempo e esforço do consumidor durante todas as etapas do processo de compra. Sua importância é crescente, na medida em que os recursos não-monetários de tempo e energia se tornam escassos e, conseqüentemente, mais valorizados na sociedade contemporânea. Neste contexto, objetivouse neste trabalho, o estudo da conveniência como necessidade do consumidor moderno, com a finalidade de determinar se ela varia em distintos formatos de varejo. Sendo assim, esta necessidade é estudada no shopping center, um formato de varejo tradicional composto por lojas, e no varejo eletrônico, um formato sem lojas, de expansão recente. A comparação entre os formatos de varejo se deu pela determinação das dimensões do constructo necessidade de conveniência em cada um deles, bem como pela identificação dos tipos mais importantes de conveniência na composição do constructo em cada formato. A pesquisa teve caráter exploratório, quantitativo, sendo realizada por meio de um levantamento, aplicado em meio eletrônico. Os resultados mostraram que a necessidade de conveniência na amostra estudada varia entre formatos, indicando não se tratar de uma necessidade intrínseca do consumidor. A conveniência constitui, portanto, uma necessidade dinâmica, que se modifica de acordo com o contexto de compra. Foram identificadas, para o shopping center, quatro dimensões da necessidade de conveniência: acesso, busca, transação e posse. No varejo eletrônico, porém, esta necessidade se desdobra em apenas três tipos, com as conveniências de acesso e busca formando uma única dimensão. Além disso, na composição da necessidade de conveniência total dos consumidores, identificou-se relevância predominante de um tipo de conveniência distinto em cada formato de varejo. No shopping center, observou-se a predominância da conveniência de transação, enquanto no varejo eletrônico, o tipo mais relevante foi a conveniência de acesso e busca. Estes resultados indicam que os esforços para a criação de um composto de conveniência no varejo devem levar em conta as especificidades de cada formato. / Consumers spend time and effort to complete several tasks while shopping. These tasks include the trip to the store, the search for information on the desired product as well as locating the product they wish to purchase and completing the checkout process. Convenience is the attribute which minimizes the time and effort spent by the consumer in the buying processes stages. Its importance is growing as the non-monetary resources of time and energy become scarce and consequently more valued in contemporary society. This study has aimed to investigate convenience as a modern consumers need which has been analyzed in two different retail formats. The first one was the shopping center, a traditional format composed by stores and the second was electronic retailing, a non-store format of recent growth. The dimensionality of the need for convenience construct was assessed and the dimensions were compared across formats in terms of their composition and relevance for the overall construct. To accomplish the proposed goals, a quantitative research of exploratory nature has been undertaken by the administration of an online survey. It was found that the need for convenience varies according to the retail format for the sample studied. This result indicates that the need for convenience is not an enduring consumer need but a dynamic necessity that changes between different shopping contexts. Four dimensions have been identified for the shopping center, which are access, search, transaction and possession. However, for electronic retailing only three dimensions were obtained since the access and search conveniences have formed a single dimension. In addition, the relevance of each dimension in the overall construct composition was examined. It was found the predominance of one convenience type for each format, namely the transaction convenience for the shopping center and the access and search convenience for electronic retailing. These results indicate that the efforts toward the creation of a retailers convenience offer should take into consideration the particularities of each retail format.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-10T19:01:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Luciana Silva de Mattos Moura.pdf: 1864669 bytes, checksum: adf72c5c555099f630fa5de4140203ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T19:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Luciana Silva de Mattos Moura.pdf: 1864669 bytes, checksum: adf72c5c555099f630fa5de4140203ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-21 / CAPES / Rice, corn and beans, biofortified or not constitute an important source of protein-calorie. The use of these raw materials in product development is an alternative to the contribution of food quality and safety. In consequence, the objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical and rheological flour mixed pre-gelatinized by extrusion of rice, beans and corn for their application in developing other products like pasta for breads, cakes, biscuits and pasta pre-cooked .The concentration of the mixture prepared in this study was 30% corn, 35% bean and 35% rice. To analyze the results was developed a central composite rotational design (CCRD), and the data analyzed by response surface, with 17 treatments and three independent variables, which were the moisture of the dough prior to extrusion (16, 18, 21, 24; 26%), the temperature of the extrusion zone 3 (126, 140, 160, 180, 193 ? C) and rotation of the extruder screw (106, 120, 140, 160, 173 rpm). Analyses of expansion ratio and bulk density, water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI), viscoamylographic properties. Besides the chemical composition, mineral profile and analysis of color (brightness, chromaticity a * and b *) of the best treatments. The values of radial expansion index ranged from 1.34 to 6.87, being the highest value found in T3 prepared with 140 ? C, 160rpm and 18% moisture. The moisture and temperature had a negative effect on the expansion, an increase in these two variables leads to a decrease in the expansion of the product. This parameter is one of the most important for the characterization of an expanded product of high quality. Lower moisture contents can lead to greater dextrinization of starch and increase the solubility of the mixture, then, treatments such as T3, showed high solubility. An increase in moisture lead to an increased water absorption, achieving the highest values in the conditions of temperature 180 ? C, 160 rpm rotation and 24% moisture (U). These conditions were also suitable for obtaining solutions of high viscosity and low tendency to retrogradation. The T3: 140 ? C, 160 rpm and 18%, T4: 180 ? C, 160 rpm and 18%, T5: 140 ? C, 120 rpm and 24%, T8, 180 ? C, 160 rpm and 24%; T10: 193 ? C, 140 rpm and 21% of moisture, were considered the best formulations and they were analyzed in terms of color, composition and mineral profile. The thermoplastic extrusion process affected the color of the flour due to non-enzymatic browning reactions that occur with the samples. Moreover, the beans BRS Pontal stood out to provide higher levels of proteins (21.34 g/100 g) and high levels of minerals, including iron in the sample (7.0 mg/100 g) when compared with the other raw materials while that treatment 8 also stood out for its high mineral content and good fiber intake (greater than 8.5 g/100g). It was concluded that flour T3, due to its expansion and better solubility in water, can be used for preparing snacks, and soluble flour, while the treatment 8 is to increase the viability soups, sauces, because of its high viscosity and low tendency to solidify, due to the retrogradation. / Arroz, milho e feij?o, biofortificados ou n?o constituem uma importante fonte cal?rica-prot?ica. O uso destas mat?rias primas no desenvolvimento de produtos ? uma alternativa na contribui??o da qualidade e seguran?a alimentar. Em consequencia, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar f?sico-qu?mica e reologicamente as farinhas mistas pr?-gelatinizadas por extrus?o de arroz, feij?o e milho visando a sua utiliza??o na elabora??o de outros produtos como massas para p?es, bolos, biscoitos e macarr?o pr?-cozido. A concentra??o da mistura foi de 30% de milho, 35% de feij?o e 35% de arroz. Para an?lise dos resultados foi desenvolvido um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), sendo os dados analisados por superf?cie de resposta, com 17 tratamentos e 3 vari?veis independentes, sendo elas a umidade da massa antes da extrus?o (16; 18; 21; 24; 26%), a temperatura da 3? zona de extrus?o (126;140; 160; 180; 193 ?C) e a rota??o do parafuso da extrusora (106; 120; 140; 160; 173 rpm). Foram realizadas an?lises de ?ndice de expans?o e densidade aparente, ?ndices de solubilidade e absor??o em ?gua, propriedades viscoamilogr?ficas. Al?m da composi??o centesimal, perfil de minerais e an?lise de cor (luminosidade, cromaticidade a* e b*) dos melhores tratamentos. Os valores de ?ndice de Expans?o variaram de 1,34 a 6,87, sendo o maior valor encontrado no tratamento T3 elaborado com 140?C, 160rpm e 18% de umidade. A umidade e a temperatura tiveram um efeito negativo sobre a expans?o, um incremento nessas duas vari?veis leva a uma diminui??o na expans?o do produto. Esse par?metro ? um dos mais importantes para caracteriza??o de um produto expandido de alta qualidade. Baixos conte?dos de umidade podem levar a uma maior dextriniza??o do amido e aumentar a solubilidade da mistura, ent?o, tratamentos como o T3, apresentaram solubilidade elevada. Um aumento da umidade levou a um aumento da absor??o em ?gua, alcan?ando aos maiores resultados com as condi??es de 180?C de temperatura, 160 rpm de rota??o e 24% de umidade. Essas condi??es tamb?m foram ideais para obten??o de solu??es de viscosidade elevada e baixa tend?ncia a retrograda??o. Os tratamentos T3: 140?C, 160 rpm e 18%; T4: 180?C, 160 rpm e 18%; T5: 140?C, 120 rpm e 24%; T8; 180?C, 160 rpm e 24%; T10: 193?C, 140 rpm e 21% de umidade, foram considerados as melhores formula??es e a eles foram realizadas an?lises de cor, composi??o centesimal e perfil de minerais. A colora??o das farinhas foi afetada com a extrus?o devido a rea??es de escurecimento n?o enzim?tico que acontecem com as amostras. O feij?o BRS Pontal se destacou por fornecer maiores teores de prote?nas (21,34g/100g) e elevado teor de minerais, inclusive ferro na amostra (7,0 mg/100g) quando comparado com as outras mat?rias-primas enquanto que o tratamento 8 se destacou pelo seu alto conte?do de minerais e por bom aporte de fibra (acima de 8,5g/100g). Conclui-se que a farinha T3, por apresentar melhor qualidade de expans?o e solubilidade pode ser utilizada na elabora??o de snacks e farinhas sol?veis, enquanto o tratamento T8 tem a viabilidade para incrementar sopas cremosas, molhos, por sua alta viscosidade e baixa tend?ncia a endurecer pela retrograda??o.

Over the course of the past 30 years, states across the nation have adopted early in-person voting laws. The bulk of academic literature on early in-person voting revolves around the policy’s effect on turnout. This research was conducted over the course of several decades, in different electoral contexts, measuring a diverse array of laws, and remains inconclusive. Meanwhile, the political discussion of voting rights and electoral reform has become increasingly polarized. The divisive views on early voting both in the academic community and in the political realm are indicators of a distinctive evolution of early voting. I argue that early voting reforms were implemented in three unique eras, characterized by different political motivations and an evolving early electorate. I use case studies in Texas, Florida, Missouri, and Massachusetts to explain this theory and provide a framework for more ordered future research.

[pt] O mercado internacional tem sido o foco principal do estudo do convenience yield dos contratos de commodities agrícolas. Em geral, abordagens por meio de modelos de equilíbrio vêm sendo utilizadas para modelar o convenience yield. Esta dissertação propõe de forma pioneira, utilizar modelos de fatores, originalmente propostos por Nelson e Siegel (1987) para a taxa de juros, com o intuito de modelar uma proxy do convenience yield dos contratos futuros de boi gordo negociados na BMEF-Bovespa. Este trabalho também apresenta uma síntese dos modelos propostos na literatura para ativos financeiros e agropecuários bem como a estrutura de negociação dos contratos futuros de commodities agrícolas na BMEF. / [en] International Market has been the principal focus on the convenience yield study of the agricultural commodities contracts. In general, approaches using equilibrium models have been used to model the convenience yield. This paper proposes, for the first, using factor models, originally proposed by Nelson and Siegel (1987) for the in- terest rate, in order to model the a proxy of convenience yield of live cattle futures contracts traded on the Bovespa-BMEF. This work also presents a summary of the models proposed in the literature for financial assets and commodities as well as the structure of futures trading in agricultural commodities for BMEF.

This analysis shows the possibility of implementing a Convenience Store (CVS) Chain Business in an emerging market in Latin America: Peru. Even though the international financial crisis that started in 2007, and affected the whole economic world, this type of business has demonstrated that some services can do well based on its own competitive advantage that focus on the customer needs. Modern cities, with millions of inhabitants suffer from traffic jams, insecurity, lack of time, long distances to go from one place to another, etc. The convenience of providing different types of products and services and the good location that the stores should have are key elements for the success of the CVS business. Dividing the analysis into 4 main categories: Commercial, Operational, Organizational and Financial, this project shows that there is still a market niche to consider in an almost 9 million people city like Lima that only hosts a little more than 200 of such a places located in gas stations. The analysis proposed to open two types of places: Internal and External, in order to satisfy the unsatisfied demand that already exists and cover all the possible best locations in town, before international big chains enter there. In the long run, the idea is to replicate the experience in other big cities around the Latin America region that are still empty of such business model.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This thesis examined factors affecting Chinese Canadians visitation to local parks and distant parks. These factors included environment identity, leisure attitudes, attitudes towards parks, level of acculturation and marginality. It was anticipated that these factors would positively predict Chinese Canadians visitation to parks. Convenience sampling of Chinese Canadians was conducted at three cities, Vancouver, Toronto and Edmonton. A self-completed questionnaire was used to collect data. The average response rate was 42%; 624 questionnaires were input into the data file. Passive activities characterized respondents participation in park-based activities. Lack of time was the most frequently reported constraint to visiting parks. Respondents suggestions for improving the park visitor experience included better and more accessible washrooms and parking lots, more entertainment facilities and more facilities for children. Respondents reported high levels of environmental identity, positive attitudes towards parks, and positive attitudes towards leisure, as well as moderate levels of acculturation. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that only environmental identity positively predicted visits to local and distant parks.

This is a study of establishment and development of conveniencestores. The test specimens are two stores established in the northern parts ofSweden during the second half of 1975.The study consists of two parts. In the first part the interest is concentratedon the establishment of the stores and their development during the firstbusiness year. The development afterwards, i.e. up to and included the stores'sixth business year, is taken up in part two.In the first part a model is produced on variables of importance when stores insparsely populated areas are established and developed (chapter 2). Theoreticallythe model is based partly on the marketing mix approach, with theinterest concentrated on the design of marketing mix measures in order to meetthe households' demands, and partly on establishment studies.The empirical studies of the first stage have mainly consisted of personalinterviews with the store owners and their potential customers. Eurther, thestores' potential customers have replied to an inquiry on two occasions. Theplanning and realization of the empirical studies are shown in chapter 4.The results of the first studies are shown in chapters 4-8. In chapter 4 the testareas are presented. The establishment and development of the stores duringtheir first business year are accounted for in chapters 5 and 6. The households'buying behavior, with emphasis on store loyalty and attitudes towards the newstores, is taken up in chapter 7. The results of these studies, which aresummarized in chapter 8, show that the establishment processes of the newstores were in no way unique. An important factor in this connection is the useof local resources. Eurther, the results showed that the two stores differed intheir development of the marketing mix. Here the aim of the activities was ofimportance. There was also a certain connection between the marketing mixpolicy and the households' store loyalty.In the second part the theoretical reference frame is extended to include alsothe social aspects of food supply in sparsely populated areas (chapter 10). Theplanning and realization of the empirical studies, which on the whole agreedwith those of the first stage, are shown in chapter 11. The results of thesestudies show that the development of the stores' marketing mix as well as thehouseholds' store loyalty and attitudes towards the local stores, only hadchanged marginally (chapter 12). The social exchange between sellers andbuyers were of great importance in this connection (chapter 13).In the final chapter (chapter 14) the results are summarized and analyzed. Theimportance of developing the social exchanges between sellers and buyers isstressed here. However, these social exchanges can change over time. In thischapter the importance of continued research in this field, also includingdensely populated areas, is commented on. Einally some alternative perspectiveson food supply in sparsely populated areas are shown. / digitalisering@umu

¡@¡@In recent years, Taiwan's industries actively seeking industrial restructuring in the way of increasing added value to products. That makes many convenience goods brands appeared on the market, but consumer-related studies is scanty; and theoretical studies have indicated that a product¡¦s image will affect the brand image. However, in domestic empirical research, the studies are primarily focus on product image and brand image, and consistency between brand image and product form, and seldom discuss the topic of the product design can enhance brand image. According to the background and motivation, the proposition of this study are as follows¡G (1) Understand the association of product image and brand image. (2) Using demographic variables as moderators to explore how the brand image and product prices affect the perceived value. (3) Analyzing relationships between customers¡¦ perceived value and purchase intention. In this study, product design and product prices are independent variables. First, uses the 24 groups of opposing adjectives that Ming-Chuen Chuang and Ching-Hang Kao (1997) sorted out to do semantic differential analysis on four brands of products to measure the respondents¡¦ feeling toward product form, color, texture, feel, and function. And then, discussing the relationship among product image, brand image, perceived value and purchase intention. The conclusions are summarized as follows¡G (1) Different product design has different effects on brand image. (2) The brand image and product price has a significant impact on the perceived value. (3) Some demographic variables have a moderating effect on brand products. (4) Perceived value has a significant effect on purchase intention. Keywords¡Gconvenience goods, product design, product image, brand image, perceived value, purchase intention