Es werden Systeme zur Realisierung einer einheitlichen Authentifizierung von Nutzern im Hinblick auf WWW-Anwendungen an der Technischen Universtät Chemnitz und der damit verbundenen Übermittlung von Nutzerdaten untersucht. Shibboleth wird als ein prinzipiell mögliches System zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe in Form eines Tests näher betrachtet.

本論筆者主要採用《台灣總督府公文類纂》（外事類）、《台灣總督府成績提要》（2—17）、《台灣總督府警察沿革誌（二）領台以後的治安狀況》、《外地法制誌　第2卷　外地法令制度之概要》、《外地法制誌　第5卷　日本統治下50年的台灣》與《詔敕．令旨．諭告．訓達（一）》等的第一手史料，並參考《台灣史料稿本》（明治二十八年—四十二年）與《台灣總督府統計書》（第一至第十五）等資料探討台灣總督府如何在1895年至1907年間制訂日本人、台灣人及清國人的出入境條款、滯台管理方式與其產生的管理問題。 / In this thesis, Taiwan Soutokufu Archives are mainly used to study from 1895 to 1907 Taiwan Soutokufu how to make regulations to control Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese to emigrate to Taiwan, to regulate these people act in Taiwan、and what kind of problems Taiwan Soutokufu face. / 日本語要旨 本論は主として『台湾総督府公文類纂』（外事）、『台湾総督府成績提要』（2—17）、『台湾総督府警察沿革誌（二）領台以後の治安情況』、『外地法制誌　第2巻　外地法令制度の概要、外地法制誌　第五巻　日本統治下五十年の台湾』、『詔敕．令旨．諭告．訓達（一）』などの第一史料を使い、『台湾史料稿本』（明治二十八年—四十二年）と『台湾総督府統計書』（第一至第十五）などの史料を参照しながら、1895年から1907にかけて台湾総督府がいかにして日本人と台湾人、中国人の渡航制度と台湾における管理方法、それを生じた管理問題を究明するものである。

The Namibian Treatment Guidelines of 2011 for hypertension management provide evidence-based care protocols for effective management of hypertension. Documentation of health care in clients’ records is important to ensure patient safety and effective continuity of care. Documentation in this study reflected the extent of implementation and compliance with the hypertension management guidelines. The purpose of this study was to examine physicians’ implementation and compliance with hypertension management guidelines, through auditing documentation in health passports of clients diagnosed with hypertension. The guidelines were used as a framework to assess completeness of documentation. The study used a non-experimental, descriptive, retrospective quantitative research to examine the physicians’ implementation and compliance with hypertension management guidelines at the selected hospital outpatient department in Namibia. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to select client records. Data were collected by means of a structured three point Likert scale checklist. Data were analysed using the (SPSS) version 23 for Windows. The findings showed poor documentation of care provided, thus, assuming low compliance with hypertension management guidelines. Major areas of poor documentation were found in monitoring of risks factors, investigations to monitor organ damage, advise on when to seek care and client-centred health education. Based on study results, recommendations were formulated to improve quality of documentation and thus, implementation of and compliance with hypertension management guidelines. / Health Studies / M. P. H. (Health Studies)

This master thesis deals with the usage of smart cards in the area of digital signature. The descriptive part of this work outlines the basic principles of digital signature, smart cards typology and current most important application areas of smart cards. The first aim of the analytic part of this work is to evaluate actual situation on the smart cards market and to estimate future market trends. The second aim is to provide summary of new technological trends and areas, in which the usage of smart cards can be expected. These new technological trends and areas are described on the basis of survey, which was realized in the company OKsystem. Part of this work serves information about practical solution OKsmart and the analysis of its future development trends.

This dissertation aims to examine and analyse the current South African position with regard to voluntary euthanasia. An examination is made from constitutional law, common law, case law and statutory law perspectives, including the legislation proposed by the South African Law Commission (project 86). The writings of prominent authors are considered. Once the South African position is examined, a comparative study is undertaken concerning relevant aspects in the Dutch law. The most important findings are that the South African Constitution may allow, and perhaps even demand, the legalization of voluntary euthanasia in South Africa, provided that sufficient safeguards can be established to effectively and sufficiently minimize the risk of abuse. Should this be impossible, the proscription of euthanasia may be reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. Finally, some recommendations are made for changes to the South African Law Commission’s Final Draft Bill. / Dissertation (LLM (Medical Law))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Public Law / unrestricted

Under de senaste åren har finanssektorn förändrats och en bidragande faktor är teknisk innovation. Teknisk innovation kan utveckla tillhandahållandet av finansiella tjänster som finansiella aktörer såsom banker erbjuder till sina kunder. En jurisdiktion kan främja utvecklingen av finansiella tjänster, antingen genom en finansiell sandlåda eller en innovationshubb. En finansiell sandlåda är en säker miljö där banker och bolag vars verksamhet endast består av teknisk innovation (FinTech-bolag), kan testa sina oreglerade affärsmodeller. Testutrymmet kontrolleras av en tillsynsmyndighet. För närvarande har över 50 jurisdiktioner upprättat en finansiell sandlåda och flera europeiska länder har redan en sandlåda i drift eller överväger att införa en. Flera olika EU-institut, som exempelvis Europeiska kommissionen och Europaparlamentet, är positiva för att införa en reglering av finansiella sandlådor på EU-nivå. Finansiella sandlådor är endast utformade som nationella finansiella sandlådor. Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att utreda huruvida EU behöver reglera finansiella sandlådor och i så fall om regelverket bör antas som ett direktiv eller en förordning. Slutsatsen av denna uppsats är att finansiella sandlådor behöver regleras även om vissa medlemsstater inte vill upprätta en egen nationell sandlåda. En anledning till varför finansiella sandlådor är behövliga i EU är för att de främjar konkurrensen mellan olika finansiella aktörer. Dessutom är finansiella sandlådor ett tillfälle för nya marknadsaktörer såsom FinTech-bolag att växa. Väljer EU att inte reglera finansiella sandlådor kommer det att hämma den fria rörligheten för finansiella tjänster. Den mest effektiva lösningen för EU hade varit att anta ett direktiv om harmoniserade nationella finansiella sandlådor. Genom att anta regelverket som ett direktiv får medlemsländerna själva bestämma vilka bestämmelser som ska implementeras i den nationella lagstiftningen. / In recent times, the financial market has changed and a contributing factor is technological innovation. Technological innovation can develop the provision of financial services which companies such as banks offers their consumers. There are two ways a jurisdiction can promote the development of financial services; either through a regulatory sandbox or an innovation hub. A regulatory sandbox is a safe environment where banks and companies who only works with technological innovation (FinTech-companies) can test their unregulated business models. The environment is controlled and monitored by a supervisory authority. Regulatory sandboxes are available in more than 50 different jurisdictions, and an increasing number of European countries are either thinking of establishing one or have already done it.   Within the European Union, some organisations such as the European Commission and the European Parliament have expressed their willingness to regulate regulatory sandboxes at Union level. For now, sandboxes can only be set up as a national regulatory sandbox. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate whether the Union needs to regulate regulatory sandboxes and if so, should the Union introduce a directive or a regulation on harmonized national regulatory sandboxes.    The investigation of this thesis shows that regulatory sandboxes are needed even though some Member States are unwilling to establish one. Regulatory sandboxes are needed in the Union because it furthers the competition between companies offering financial services. Regulatory sandboxes also help new entrants such as FinTech-companies to grow. If the Union does not regulate regulatory sandboxes, it will hinder the free movement of services. The best outcome for regulation, would be if the Union adopted a directive on harmonized national regulatory sandboxes. The regulation should be adopted as a directive because it facilitates Member States in determining which provisions should be implemented in national legislation.

In the last decade, the European Union has looked to become more sustainable toreach the global environmental goals. With The European Green deal, a transition towards a circular economy has been set in place. One of the proposals is the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) that will improve the circularity and sustainability of almost all categories of physical goods. The digital product passport is a significant part of the ESPR with the goal to enable circular economy and carbon reduction plans by providing product information in a digital format and enable traceability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Digital Product Passport in product design and manufacturing and to assess the potential opportunities and challenges associated with its introduction. The study also identifies the key traceability aspects that need to be considered when implementing this technology. A qualitative study has been conducted with a focus on small-to-medium sized enterprises in the Swedish furniture industry. In this study, the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework has been used to identify key factors that will have an impact on the future implementation of Digital Product Passport. Based on empirical findings and the literature review, an adapted model of TOE is presented in the discussion. The study has identified several opportunities in the Swedish furniture industry, such as transparency, digital identification, marketing and competitive advantages, value chain collaboration and the traceability aspect. Challenges found were organizational resources, decentralised databases, lack of frameworks, establishing access levels and digital platforms. A traceability aspect that needs to be considered are the security and privacy. Blockchain solution could be seen as a traceability enhancer that provides security, while interoperability between different blockchain networks is questioned. / Under det senaste decenniet har Europeiska unionen försökt bli mer hållbar för att nå de globala miljömålen. I och med EU:s gröna överenskommelse har en övergång till en cirkulär ekonomi inletts. Ett av förslagen är förordningen om ekodesign för hållbara produkter (Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, ESPR) som kommer att förbättra cirkulariteten och hållbarheten inom nästan alla kategorier av fysiska varor. Det digitala produktpasset är en viktig del av ESPR med målet att möjliggöra planer för cirkulär ekonomi och koldioxid minskning genom att tillhandahålla produktinformation i digitalt format och möjliggöra spårbarhet. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka det digitala produktpasset i produktdesign och tillverkning samt att bedöma de potentiella möjligheter och utmaningar som är förknippade med dess införande. Studien identifierar också de viktigaste spårbarhetsaspekterna som måste beaktas vid införandet av denna teknik. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med fokus på små till medelstora företag inom den svenska möbelindustrin. I denna studie har ramverket Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) använts för att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som kommer att ha en inverkan på den framtida implementeringen av Digital Product Passport. Baserat på empiriska resultat ochlitteraturstudien presenteras en anpassad modell av TOE i diskussionen. Studien har identifierat flera möjligheter i den svenska möbelindustrin, såsom transparens, digital identifiering, marknadsföring och konkurrensfördelar, samarbete i värdekedjan och spårbarhetsaspekten. Utmaningar som hittades var organisatoriska resurser, decentraliserade databaser, brist på ramverk, fastställande av åtkomstnivåer och antalet digitala plattformar. En spårbarhetsaspekt som måste beaktas är säkerhet och integritet. Blockkedjelösningen kan ses som en spårbarhetsförbättring som ger säkerhet, medan interoperabiliteten mellan olika blockkedjenätverk ifrågasätts.

In this article, we argue that the software “Fab City OS” fosters circular design. Our methodology is that we first define circular design from literature and then explain how “Fab City OS” fosters it. We argue from the context of the widespread availability of computer-aided design (CAD) tools and fabrication machines (CNC, 3D printer…). We see this in combination with increasing ease of access to places of production (Fab-, Textile-, Bio-, … Labs). If combined via Fab City OS, the two can leverage the potential of design for a circular economy. As the name says, Fab City OS is meant to be the operating system for “Fab Cities” (Díez, 2018). Fab City OS builds upon the work of Dr.-Ing. Tobias Redlich .

Using the example of the French-German border, which had been established in 1871 after the annexation of Alsace and parts of Lorraine, this article centres around the (methodological) argument of analysing borders and borderlands through the lens of practices. Instead of focusing on identities, my point is to ask about the ways common people moved through the borderland, and about the (spatial) rationales they followed in their everyday lives. Their agency, mobility and actions can be traced in files produced by the newly created border police, an institution charged with the surveillance, documentation, and rejection of border crossers. The border police inspectors’ practices made the border tangible for those that were considered suspicious (as non-loyal or not belonging) – an assumption often based on how people moved through the borderland. I argue that we cannot grasp the impact of the national border by solely looking at the conceptions of border regions but have to take practices and the many ways of making sense of this space seriously: The border residents’ economic, social, and religious spaces or other people’s longer trajectories followed their own logics, but then collided with the clear national separation that border police officials sought to put into practice. Therefore, it was not so much the border crossers’ motivation, but the administration, diplomacy, and press that framed events on the ground as national conflicts or clear statements of national belonging.

My aim with this essay is to investigate if Australia's approach; implementation of lockdown, vaccine passport and restriction of the right of assembly and the impact on public protest is compatible with John Stuart Mill's harm principle. I found a conflict between the individual freedom and harm to others. One the one hand, to implement restrictions intervenes with the autonomy of an individual; of one’s body, freedom to move around freely and with freedom of speech. But on the other hand, not implementing these restrictions could potentially harm others by letting the virus spread in the society. My interpretation of Mill's harm principle is that liberty originates from the individual as a progressive being, hence I claim that allowing people to live their life as they chose -”experiment of living”, will lead to a better and happier society. I argue that the Australian government's approaches during the Covid 19 pandemic was not compatible with the harm principle’s individualistic core as I claim Australia neglected individual freedom. However, I argue that some restrictions might be compatible to the harm principle if they are proportional, time limited and properly scrutinised.