Digital preservation is a relatively new subject to Swedish archives. Alhough computers have been used for a long time, preservation has been made on paper and stored on shelves. These days a lot of cities in Sweden have investigated how to best secure the digital information for the future through electronic archiving, e-archives. One option is to hand in the information as soon as possible, but to let the producer keep the information ownership yet some time. The idea is to let the producers of the information answer questions and hand out material, since they are more competent on their field. This thesis analyzes how five different cities have organized the submission of information. I have used archiving models and interviews. For comparison the cities creating their e-archives have been set against Stockholm. There archive has been up and running for some time. The conclusion is that the solution using a transfer archive could be useful, if the material has got a lot of secrecy and one needs specific knowledge to handle the questions. The theoretical framework has been the life cycle model versus the records continuum model. Swedish city archives embrace the continuum approach early in the creation of the information, but the archivists believe in the life cycle model where all long term preservation comes to the point where no further changes can be done, to protect the authenticity of the information. Two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies. Archival science.

The White Paper on National Transport Policy (SA, 1996:12) identified the fragmentation of functions between different spheres of government as one of the main obstacles besetting the effective development and management of the transport system. It endorsed one of the principles in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Ad 108 of 1996, to devolve functions to the lowest appropriate sphere of government if it could be more effectively handled and if there was capacity to perform the functions. In pursuing the above objective, the purpose of this study was to determine the functionality of the West Rand District Municipality in terms of administrative as well as economic and transport management principles to fulfil the role as a transport authority in terms of the NLTTA for its present area of jurisdiction. The study therefore addressed the legal framework as well as transport and economic indicators defining the functional area of a transport authority. In determining the nature and extent of functions as fulfilled by the respective municipalities, use was made of dichotomous questionnaires. These findings were also supported with technical data based on surveys conducted through the Gauteng Household Travel Survey (2000) and the Operating Licensing Strategy (200212003). To further operationalise the research objectives of this study, and touching on Great Britain's transport experience over the past 75 years, a comparison was made between the present status of Transport Authorities in the United Kingdom, compared to those in South Africa (Gauteng Province). Upon analysing the empirical findings it was evident that the establishment of a Transport Authority for the area of jurisdiction of the West Rand would enable the WRDM to deliver on the following number of fronts: • Coherent Alignment to a Common Vision • Integration of Transport System • Control over Transport Modes • Optimised Utilisation of Funds To create a conducive environment for a West Rand Transport Authority to improve its functionality, it was recommended that serious attention be given to aspects such as funding mechanisms, legality of municipal entities, clarity on the status of transport powers at municipal level of government, assignment of functions and human resource capacity. Upon conclusion it was agreed that the successful implementation of a functional transport authority for the West Rand will be dependant, not only upon technical expertise and management and by resolving the above issues, but also on political support. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

This research project is concerned with workers’ narratives, specifically those who have been employed in paid work below the national minimum wage in New Zealand. As a graphic designer who has direct experience of exploitation through employment, I am interested in researching the subjective experience of underpaid workers in New Zealand. In doing this I have sought to creatively synthesize experiences into artworks that provide a deeper insight into the impact of underpaid work. Through this investigation I have attempted to contribute to a broader discussion of underpaid work than what is currently provided, through the analysis of statistical data. In undertaking this project I have also been concerned with investigating new potentials in serigraphy (a graphic medium traditionally associated with working-class politics). I have inquired into how it might be used to create a visual ‘voice’ for contemporary workers’ narratives. Accordingly, this project has employed audio recordings of three personal stories. The research has led to the production of a series of serigraphic prints that artistically interpret the journeys and experiences of the participants. These images sit in discourse with looped audio excerpts of their recorded interviews. In this approach, narratives of marginalisation that have often been muted through their presentation as written records, have been re-conceptualised as an artists' images, with which the recordings are in discussion.

This research project is concerned with workers’ narratives, specifically those who have been employed in paid work below the national minimum wage in New Zealand. As a graphic designer who has direct experience of exploitation through employment, I am interested in researching the subjective experience of underpaid workers in New Zealand. In doing this I have sought to creatively synthesize experiences into artworks that provide a deeper insight into the impact of underpaid work. Through this investigation I have attempted to contribute to a broader discussion of underpaid work than what is currently provided, through the analysis of statistical data. In undertaking this project I have also been concerned with investigating new potentials in serigraphy (a graphic medium traditionally associated with working-class politics). I have inquired into how it might be used to create a visual ‘voice’ for contemporary workers’ narratives. Accordingly, this project has employed audio recordings of three personal stories. The research has led to the production of a series of serigraphic prints that artistically interpret the journeys and experiences of the participants. These images sit in discourse with looped audio excerpts of their recorded interviews. In this approach, narratives of marginalisation that have often been muted through their presentation as written records, have been re-conceptualised as an artists' images, with which the recordings are in discussion.

This thesis is focussed on the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST), reporting on two primary areas of investigation. Firstly, it describes the recent upgrade of the MOST to perform an imaging survey of the southern sky. Secondly, it presents a MOST survey of the Vela supernova remnant and follow-up multiwavelength studies. The MOST Wide Field upgrade is the most significant instrumental upgrade of the telescope since observations began in 1981. It has made possible the nightly observation of fields with area ~5 square degrees, while retaining the operating frequency of 843 MHz and the pre-existing sensitivity to point sources and extended structure. The MOST will now be used to make a sensitive (rms approximately 1 mJy/beam) imaging survey of the sky south of declination -30&deg. This survey consists of two components: an extragalactic survey, which will begin in the south polar region, and a Galactic survey of latitudes |b| &lt 10&deg. These are expected to take about ten years. The upgrade has necessitated the installation of 352 new preamplifiers and phasing circuits which are controlled by 88 distributed microcontrollers, networked using optic fibre. The thesis documents the upgrade and describes the new systems, including associated testing, installation and commissioning. The thesis continues by presenting a new high-resolution radio continuum survey of the Vela supernova remnant (SNR), made with the MOST before the completion of the Wide Field upgrade. This remnant is the closest and one of the brightest SNRs. The contrast between the structures in the central pulsar-powered nebula and the synchrotron radiation shell allows the remnant to be identified morphologically as a member of the composite class. The data are the first of a composite remnant at spatial scales comparable with those available for the Cygnus Loop and the Crab Nebula, and make possible a comparison of radio, optical and soft X-ray emission from the resolved shell filaments. The survey covers an area of 50 square degrees at a resolution of 43&quot x 60&quot, while imaging structures on scales up to 30'. It has been used for comparison with Wide Field observations to evaluate the performance of the upgraded MOST. The central plerion of the Vela SNR (Vela X) contains a network of complex filamentary structures. The validity of the imaging of these filaments has been confirmed with Very Large Array (VLA) observations at 1.4 GHz. Unlike the situation in the Crab Nebula, the filaments are not well correlated with H-alpha emission. Within a few parsec of the Vela pulsar the emission is much more complex than previously seen: both very sharp edges and more diffuse emission are present. It has been postulated that one of the brightest filaments in Vela X is associated with the X-ray feature (called a `jet') which appears to be emanating from the region of the pulsar. However, an analysis of the MOST and VLA data shows that this radio filament has a flat spectral index similar to another more distant filament within the plerion, indicating that it is probably unrelated to the X-ray feature.

Η ύπαρξη Διαδικτύου παρέχει την δυνατότητα μεταφοράς δομημένης πληροφορίας, μέσω πολλών διαφορετικών εφαρμογών. Μια από τις πλέον χρησιμοποιούμενες εφαρμογές αποτελεί το ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο, το οποίο υπάρχει από την αρχή κιόλας του Διαδικτύου. Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει κάνει την εμφάνιση της μια νέα σημαντική εφαρμογή η τηλεϊατρική, η οποία περιλαμβάνει μηχανισμούς παρόμοιους με το ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα πρωτόκολλα μορφοποίησης μηνυμάτων Διαδικτύου RFC 822, RFC 2822, RFC 2045 της κατηγορίας MIME καθώς και το RFC 2231. Αποτελούν κάποια από τα βασικότερα πρωτόκολλα ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου και κατ’επέκταση την βάση για την ανάπτυξη της τηλειατρικής. Ταυτόχρονα γίνεται μια εκτενής αναφορά στα βασικότερα πρωτόκολλα καθορισμού δομής μορφότυπων που χρησιμοποιούνται στην ιατρική πληροφορική. Πιο συγκεκριμένα στο κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζεται το πρωτόκολλο RFC 822 το οποίο καθορίζει το μορφότυπο και τη σημασιολογία των περιεχόμενων του μηνύματος ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου. Το συγκεκριμένο πρότυπο ενώ είναι ικανοποιητικό για αποστολή μηνυμάτων κειμένου ASCII δεν είναι επαρκές για μεταφορά μορφών κειμένου μη –ASCII. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στο πρωτόκολλο RFC 2822, το οποίο αποτελεί μια πιο ενημερωμένη έκδοση του RFC 822 ώστε να απεικονίζει την τρέχουσα πρακτική. Καθορίζει αυστηρά την δομή περιεχομένων μηνυμάτων κειμένου ASCII, ενώ ταυτόχρονα δεν λαμβάνει κανένα μέτρο για αποστολή μηνυμάτων πολυμέσων. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 παρουσιάζεται το RFC 2045 της κατηγορίας MIME, το οποίο είναι μια ανεξάρτητη προδιαγραφή που απλά συμπληρώνει το RFC 822. Το πρωτόκολλο αυτό ορίζει τις απαραίτητες πρόσθετες κεφαλίδες στο μήνυμα, ώστε να μπορέσει να σταλεί περιεχόμενο διαφορετικό από κείμενο ASCII. Χρησιμοποιώντας πεδία ετικέτας "MIME- Version", "Content-Type" και "Content-Transfer-Encoding", είναι δυνατό να περιλαμβάνονται με έναν τυποποιημένο τρόπο, αυθαίρετοι τύποι δεδομένων με συμμορφούμενα RFC 822 μηνύματα ταχυδρομείου. Έτσι κανένας περιορισμός που επιβάλλεται από το RFC 822 δεν παραβιάζεται. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 περιγράφεται το πρότυπο RFC 2231, το οποίο καθορίζει τις επεκτάσεις που εξετάζουν διαφόρους περιορισμούς που προκύπτουν από την χρήση παραμέτρων MIME σε πεδία ετικέτας τύπου περιεχομένου και διάθεσης στο Internet. Όλες αυτές οι επεκτάσεις εφαρμόζονται σε ένα μοντέλο που είναι απόλυτα συμβατό σε συντακτικό επίπεδο με υπαρκτές MIME εφαρμογές. Τέλος στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα βασικά πρωτόκολλα καθορισμού δομής μορφοτύπων που χρησιμοποιούνται στον τομέα της τηλειατρικής. Αναλύονται οι λειτουργικές προδιαγραφές της υπηρεσίας WADO. Παρουσιάζεται το IHE XDS σχεδιάγραμμα ολοκλήρωσης, που επιλαμβάνεται του προβλήματος της διαλειτουργικότητας του ΗΑΥΠ. (Hλεκτρονικό Aρχείο Yγειονομικής Περίθαλψης - ΗΑΥΠ -Electronic Healthcare Record – EHR). Το ΗΑΥΠ αποτελεί έναν βασικό ερευνητικό τομέα στην ιατρική πληροφορική. / The existence of the Internet provides the possibility to transfer structured information through many different applications.One of the most used applications is the e-mail, which exists from the very beginning of the Internet. Recently a new important application, the telemedicine, appears which includes operations similar to e-mail.In this diploma thesis the protocols for the format of Internet messages RFC 822, RFC 2822, the RFC 2045 of the category of MIME and also the RFC 2231 are presented. These are some of the most basic e-mail protocols and thus the basis for the development of telemedicine. Simultaneously there is a comprehensive reference to the basic protocols that establish a structure format and are used in Medical Informatics.Specifically, Chapter 1presents the protocol RFC 822, which defines the format and semantics of the contents of the e-mail. Atlhough this protocol is sufficient for ASCII text messages sending, it’s not for non-ASCII text messages.In Chapter 2 there is reference to protocol RFC 2822, which is a more updated version of RFC 822, in order to reflect current practice. It strictly defines the structure of contents of text messages while it makes no provision for the transmission of multimedia messages. In Chapter 3 we present the RFC 2045 of the category MIME which is an independent specification that complements RFC 822.This protocol provides the necessary additional header in the mail in order to sent content of non-ASCII text. By using header fields "MIME- Version","Content-Type"and"Content-Transfer-Encoding ", it’s possible arbitrary data types with compliant mail messages to be included in a standard way. Because of this any restriction imposed by RFC 822, is being violated. In Chapter 4 , we describe the standard RFC 2231 which defines the extensions considering different restrictions that arise from the use of MIME parameters in content type and content-disposition header fields in Internet e-mail.All these extensions are applicable to a model which is completely compatible in syntax level with already existing applications. Finally in Chapter 5 we present the basic protocols that determine structure formats and are used in telemedicine. Also the functional specifications of the WADO are analyzed here.The IHE XDS layout integration is presented that address the problem of interoperability of HER. The HER is a key research field in medical informatics.

1 Abstract Title: Dynamic competitive balance in European football leagues Objectives The quality of objective of this master thesis is the analysis of dynamic competitive balance of ten European football leagues. Namely the English league, the German league, the Dutch league, the Greek league, the Romanian league, the Czech league, the Danish league, the Polish league, the Cyprian league, the and the Bulgarian league and their comparison. Methods: Dynamic competitive balance showed by the Lorenz curve of the number of league champions during the period under review. Results: The results show comparison of dynamic competitive balance in top European leagues. Further refute or confirm the established assumption of same trend in the designated groups divided by market value and competitive format. Key words: Football, competition, dynamic balance, Lorenz curve, league market value, competitive format

Submitted by Eliane Aparecida Costa (ms.elianecosta@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T17:44:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 A_FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO_DO_VAREJO_NACIONAL_UM_ESTUDO_MULTICASOS_DO_SEGMENTO DE VESTUARIO_CALÇADOS_E_ACESSORIOS.pdf: 1517980 bytes, checksum: 82cacada84d05a56e96b1e8d9961abdf (MD5) Carta comprovante RI Eliane.pdf: 330041 bytes, checksum: bc5693151f9a6ba2fe6bd1549f723696 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T11:37:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 A_FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO_DO_VAREJO_NACIONAL_UM_ESTUDO_MULTICASOS_DO_SEGMENTO DE VESTUARIO_CALÇADOS_E_ACESSORIOS.pdf: 1517980 bytes, checksum: 82cacada84d05a56e96b1e8d9961abdf (MD5) Carta comprovante RI Eliane.pdf: 330041 bytes, checksum: bc5693151f9a6ba2fe6bd1549f723696 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T11:37:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 A_FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO_DO_VAREJO_NACIONAL_UM_ESTUDO_MULTICASOS_DO_SEGMENTO DE VESTUARIO_CALÇADOS_E_ACESSORIOS.pdf: 1517980 bytes, checksum: 82cacada84d05a56e96b1e8d9961abdf (MD5) Carta comprovante RI Eliane.pdf: 330041 bytes, checksum: bc5693151f9a6ba2fe6bd1549f723696 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T11:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 A_FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO_DO_VAREJO_NACIONAL_UM_ESTUDO_MULTICASOS_DO_SEGMENTO DE VESTUARIO_CALÇADOS_E_ACESSORIOS.pdf: 1517980 bytes, checksum: 82cacada84d05a56e96b1e8d9961abdf (MD5) Carta comprovante RI Eliane.pdf: 330041 bytes, checksum: bc5693151f9a6ba2fe6bd1549f723696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16 / Não recebi financiamento / This paper aims to explore the advance of the diffusion of the financial logic on the national clothing retail in the promotion of consumer credit in Brazil. In this sense, it looks to verify how this advance is configured in a new organizational arrangement that is signed by the formation of partnerships between the financial institutions and the retail companies, as well as to analyze the administrative strategy to manage this new model, in view of its Social and labor implications. We analyzed eight companies in the national retail clothing sector that have a strong expression in consumption in Brazil, from 2008 to 2016. The companies of this sampling are Marisa, Renner, Riachuelo, Pernambucanas, Cia. Hering, Arezzo & Co, Restoque Commerce and Garment Apparel and Grazziotin Group, which previously had the commercial object of trading merchandise and today deal with consolidated variables in the financial Market. In this work, it is analyzed how the mergers and acquisitions movements involving financial institutions and retail companies are shaping the domestic market, and also how organizational models are managed after the adoption of partnerships with financial institutions and which Impacts of the expansion of this model on labor relations. The results obtained point to a better understanding of the need to adapt to the process, which requires a gradual change in the current organizational structure and consequent prevention of damages related to labor issues, values added to shareholders or positions of CEOs, obliged to increase a series of variables that result in change in the segment. These factors exemplify the materialization of financialization strategies among the largest national apparel retailers, and also show how the banking process is affecting the profile of the commercial model of the national retail sector. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar o avanço da difusão da lógica financeira sobre o varejo nacional de vestuário no fomento de crédito para o consumo no Brasil. Nesse sentido, busca-se verificar como esse avanço se configura em um novo arranjo organizacional que se firma pela formação de parcerias entre as instituições financeiras e as empresas de varejo, bem como analisar a estratégia administrativa para gerir esse novo modelo, tendo em vista suas implicações sociais e trabalhistas. Foram analisadas oito empresas do setor varejista nacional de vestuário que desempenham forte expressão no consumo no Brasil, ¬¬¬¬de 2008 a 2016. As empresas da amostra são as lojas Marisa, Renner, Riachuelo, Pernambucanas, Cia. Hering, Arezzo&Co, Restoque Comércio e Confecções de Roupas e Grupo Grazziotin, que antes tinha como objeto social a comercialização de mercadorias e hoje lidam com variáveis consolidadas no mercado financeiro. Neste trabalho, é analisado como os movimentos de fusões e aquisições que envolvem instituições financeiras e empresas varejistas estão modelando o mercado nacional e, ainda, como os modelos organizacionais passam a ser gerenciados após a adoção de parcerias com as instituições financeiras e quais os impactos da expansão desse modelo nas relações de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma melhor compreensão da necessidade de adequação ao processo, o que exige mudança gradativa na estrutura organizacional vigente e consequente prevenção dos danos relacionados a questões trabalhistas, a valores agregados aos acionistas ou às posições de CEOs, obrigados a incrementar uma série de variáveis que resultam em mudança no segmento. Esses fatores exemplificam a materialização de estratégias de financeirização junto aos maiores varejistas nacionais de vestuário, e ainda, demonstram como o processo de bancarização está afetando o perfil do modelo comercial do setor varejista nacional.

Submitted by Rafaela Giacomin Bueno null (rafaelagbueno@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T20:26:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese vfinal repositório.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T20:39:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_rg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T20:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_rg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre a questão da subjetividade infantil no uso e na omissão do sujeito pronominal de 1ª e 2ª pessoas no discurso oral de duas crianças brasileiras bilíngues falantes de PB e de espanhol e de seus respectivos interlocutores. Partimos de uma perspectiva dialógico-discursiva (DEL RÉ et al, 2014 a e b) que considera a criança como um sujeito que se constitui em seu discurso na relação com o outro, sendo os movimentos de sentido o resultado dos encadeamentos enunciativos. Postulamos que os sentidos atribuídos ao uso ou à omissão dos sujeitos pronominais nas situações de interação criança-interlocutor estão vinculados aos gêneros discursivos (BAKHTIN, 1997) e aos formatos (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981), que possibilitam a entrada da criança na e pela linguagem. A tendência ao uso do pronome sujeito, resultado de uma mudança linguística pela qual vem passando o português brasileiro (PB) tem, segundo alguns autores, distanciado essa língua das línguas de sujeito nulo, como o espanhol, cuja tendência é a omissão do pronome sujeito. Essa diferença entre o PB e o espanhol nos instiga a investigar como crianças bilíngues falantes dessas línguas fazem uso ou não dos pronomes sujeito, haja vista que a maior parte das perspectivas teóricas sobre o tema são diferentes da adotada no presente trabalho e não apresentam dados de crianças bilíngues PB/espanhol. Os corpora se constituem de dados orais de uma criança brasileira de 5 (cinco) anos de idade que adquire/aprende o espanhol em um colégio bilíngue PB-espanhol e de uma criança brasileira de 6 anos, filha de pai argentino e de mãe brasileira. Ambos os dados foram coletados a partir de atividades planejadas e propostas pelo interlocutor (observadora-participante) para estimular o uso do espanhol pelas crianças, língua menos frequente no seio familiar no momento em que foram gravadas. Os dados foram transcritos no programa CLAN, formato CHAT (MACWHINNEY, 2000) e analisados tendo como base categorias que foram (re)elaboradas após uma minuciosa observação dos dados. Essas análises foram realizadas inicialmente no Microsoft EXCEL, a partir da qual classificamos o uso e a omissão do sujeito pronominal segundo os tipos de situações de interação entre a criança e interlocutor, em um primeiro momento, para em seguida procedermos uma análise linguístico-discursiva mais abrangente. Os resultados evidenciam a importância dos formatos dos jogos e das brincadeiras que se integram a um gênero pedagógico – nas situações de interação lúdicas - para a entrada das crianças no espanhol. Mostra-nos, paralelamente às situações de diálogo espontâneo, que a relação que cada criança estabelece com o jogo que lhe é proposto se modifica ao longo das interações com a observadora-participante, permitindo-nos refletir sobre a subjetividade em constituição nessas crianças por meio das línguas das quais são falantes e, de modo mais amplo, possibilitam-nos igualmente ponderar sobre o processo de aquisição/aprendizagem do espanhol pelo qual passam. / This research aims to consider the issue of the subjectivity in in the subject pronouns of 1st and 2nd persons, taking into account their use and omission in the oral discourse of two Brazilian bilingual children and their interlocutors. We lead the research according to a dialogical and discursive point of view (DEL RÉ et al, 2014 a e b) in which the constitution of the child as a subject comes from the relationship with the other and the meanings are resulted from the sequencing of the utterances. We consider that the meanings of the use and omission of the subject pronouns in the situations of interaction child-interlocutor are linked to the speech genre (BAKHTIN, 1997) and the formats (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981) that enable the entrance of the child into and by the language. The tendency to use the subject pronoun which is the result of a linguistic change Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is going through, has, according to the experts, departed this language from to the other pro-drop languages, as Spanish, in which the tendency is the omission of the subject pronoun. This difference between BP and Spanish motivates us to investigate how bilingual children who speak these languages use or omit the subject pronouns since the majority of the theoretical perspectives about the topic are different from ours and do not display BP/Spanish bilingual children data. Our corpora is a compound of oral data of one Brazilian child aged five who acquires/learns Spanish in a BP-Spanish bilingual school and of one Brazilian bilingual child aged six, daughter of an Argentinian father and a Brazilian mother. Both data were collected through activities planned and executed by the interlocutor to foster the use of the Spanish language by the children, the non-dominant language in their home. The data were transcribed in the CLAN Program, CHAT format (MACWHINNEY, 2000) and were analyzed by a table of categories that was elaborated after a detailed data observation. These analyses were developed using the Microsoft EXCEL through which we classified the use and the omission of the subject pronoun according to the types of situations between the children and the interlocutor, in first place and, after, we proceeded to a broader linguistic and discursive analyses. The results show the importance of the game formats that are integrated to a pedagogical genre – in the situations of ludic interaction – to the entrance of the children in the Spanish language. They also show, parallel to the open conversations, that the relationship that each child establishes with the game that is proposed to him changes over the interactions with the observer. This allows us to consider the subjectivity in constitution in these children by the languages they speak and, in a broader sense, the acquisition/learning of Spanish process of them. / Esta investigación tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la cuestión de la subjetividad infantil en el uso y en la omisión del sujeto pronominal de 1ª y 2ª personas en el discurso oral de dos niños brasileños hablantes de portugués brasileño y de español, y de sus respectivos interlocutores. Partimos de una perspectiva dialógico-discursiva (DEL RÉ et al 2014 et al, 2014 a y b) en la que se considera al niño como un sujeto que se constituye en su discurso en la relación con el otro, siendo los movimientos de sentido el resultado de los encadenamientos enunciativos. Consideramos que los sentidos que se atribuyen al uso o a la omisión de los sujetos pronominales en las situaciones de interacción niño-interlocutor se vinculan a los géneros discursivos (BAJTÍN, 1997) y a los formatos (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981), que posibilitan la entrada del niño en el y por el lenguaje. La tendencia al uso del pronombre sujeto, resultado de un cambio lingüístico por el cual está pasando el portugués brasileño (PB) ha alejado, según algunos autores, esa lengua de las lenguas de sujeto nulo, como el español, cuya tendencia es la omisión del pronombre sujeto. Esa diferencia entre el PB y el español nos instiga a investigar cómo los niños bilingües hablantes de esas dos lenguas emplean o no los pronombres sujeto, ya que la mayor parte de las perspectivas teóricas sobre el tema son distintas de la adoptada en la presente investigación y no incluyen datos de niños bilingües PB/español. Los corpora se constituyen de datos orales de un niño brasileño de 5 (cinco) años de edad que adquiere/aprende el español en un colegio bilingüe PB/español y de una niña brasileña de 6 (seis) años, hija de padre argentino y de madre brasileña. Los datos han sido colectados a partir de actividades planificadas y propuestas por el interlocutor (observadoraparticipante) para estimular el uso del español por los niños, lengua menos presente en el seno familiar en el momento en que han sido grabados. Los datos han sido transcritos en el programa CLAN, formato CHAT (MACWHINNEY, 2000) y analizados a través de una base de categorías (re)elaboradas tras una minuciosa observación de los datos. Los análisis fueron realizados inicialmente en Microsoft EXCEL, a partir del cual clasificamos el uso y la omisión del sujeto pronominal según los tipos de situaciones de interacción entre el niño y el interlocutor, en un primer momento, para, en seguida, el desarrollo de un análisis lingüísticodiscursivo más amplio. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los formatos de los juegos que se integran a un género pedagógico – en las situaciones de interacción lúdica – para la entrada de los niños en el español. Nos muestra, paralelamente a las situaciones de diálogo espontáneo, que la relación que cada niño establece con el juego que se le propone cambia a lo largo de las interacciones con la observadora-participante, lo que nos permite reflexionar sobre la subjetividad en constitución en esos niños a través de las lenguas que hablan y, de modo más amplio, nos permiten igualmente ponderar el proceso de adquisición/aprendizaje del español por el que pasan. / CNPq: 141542/2013-6

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T20:54:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-18T12:45:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) used to analysis of cultivated pasture areas. This evaluation was based on the comparison between the products of Vegetation Index calculated by orthomosaics from photos acquired by a UAV and the Percentage of Green collected in the ground level. The UAV Vegetation Index was the Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index (MPRI). It was held also a comparison between the Vegetation Indexes obtained with the UAV and an orbital platform being these the MPRI and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) respectively. The data were collected monthly between July and December 2014. For comparison between the Percentage of Green and the MPRI was used 25 samples distributed along of transect established in ground level into the pasture area. For comparison between MPRI and NDVI other 15 samples were distributed along of the pasture area. The Percentage of Green relied on vertical photos acquired in the ground level. The MPRI resulted from aerial surveys done by UAV’s model “TIRIBA” that used the Canon PowerShot S100 camera coupled. The orthomosaics from aerial photos acquired on aerial surveys were generated in the Agisoft PhotoScan to calculate the MPRI after. The NDVI was calculated from surface reflectance images acquired by Landsat-8 satellite. Has been observed that Percentage of Green and MPRI are correlated and the same to be observed for MPRI and NDVI. There is also relationship in behavior of these products over time so was possible to conclude that both products could provide the necessary information for the characterization of the development of pasture between July and December 2014. Both products – Percentage of Green, MPRI and NDVI – feature advantages and limitations: the Percentage of Green is most sensitive for the changes into the pasture because of their detail high level (spatial resolution) but doesn’t have the income that the MPRI/UAV has and not provide the analysis of the whole area being necessary use to sampling; the MPRI/UAV has a higher sensitivity to record of the behavior of pasture when compared to NDVI/Landsat-8 bus the gain in the area imaged by orbital platform should not be disregarded. The correlation between Percentage of Green and MPRI and between MPRI and NDVI also suggests that these products can be used in conjunction to perform the monitoring of pasture areas. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT) quando destinado à análise de áreas com pastagem cultivada. Tal avaliação teve por base a comparação entre o produto de Índice de Vegetação, calculado por intermédio de ortomosaicos de fotografias adquiridas por um VANT, e o parâmetro de Percentual de Verde coletado em solo. O Índice de Vegetação calculado com os dados do VANT foi o Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index (MPRI). Foi realizada também uma comparação entre os Índices de Vegetação obtidos com o VANT e por plataforma orbital, sendo esses índices o MPRI e o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectivamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada mensalmente entre julho e dezembro de 2014. Para a comparação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI foram utilizadas 25 amostras distribuídas ao longo de um transecto estabelecido em solo. Para a comparação entre o MPRI e o NDVI foram utilizadas outras 15 amostras, distribuídas ao longo da área da pastagem. O Percentual de Verde se baseou em fotografias verticais obtidas em nível de solo. Já o MPRI resultou de aerolevantamentos com um VANT modelo TIRIBA, embarcado com uma câmera Canon PowerShot S100. Os ortomosaicos que serviram de base para o cálculo do MPRI foram gerados no programa Agisoft PhotoScan. O NDVI foi calculado com base em imagens de reflectância da superfície adquiridas pelo satélite Landsat-8. Como resultados observou-se que há correlação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI, bem como entre o MPRI e o NDVI. Há também relação no comportamento desses produtos ao longo do tempo, de forma que foi possível concluir que ambos poderiam subsidiar as informações necessárias para a caracterização do desenvolvimento da pastagem em questão entre julho e dezembro de 2014. Concluiu-se ainda que ambos os produtos apresentam vantagens e limitações: o Percentual de Verde, em virtude de seu detalhamento (resolução espacial), é o mais sensível as alterações na pastagem, mas não tem o rendimento que o MPRI/VANT agrega por viabilizar a análise da área no todo, o que dispensa amostragem; o MPRI/VANT tem maior sensibilidade se comparado ao NDVI/Landsat-8 no registro do comportamento da pastagem, mas o ganho em área imageada pelo satélite não deve ser desconsiderado. A correlação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI e entre o MPRI e o NDVI sugere também que esses produtos possam ser utilizados em conjunto no monitoramento de áreas de pastagens.