<p>Throughout the years more and more charitable organisations have appeared and the competition between them has increased. This has forced the charities to use more marketing strategies in their work in order to strengthen their competitiveness. </p><p>Research in philanthropy in terms of economy and marketing has been neglected in Sweden and the research that is done today is mainly focused on why individuals donate to charity. A donation, according to the writers of this thesis, has been seen as an economical activity and can therefore be explained and understood through economical models and theories. This thesis aims to see <em>how </em>a contributor to charity makes the decision to donate money, consequently see how the donation decision process actually works from a theoretical model of a buying decision process from marketing literature. </p><p>The purpose of this thesis is therefore to from a buying decision process concerning products describe the donation decision process for contributors to charity. By achieving this purpose the writers aim to compare if a donation decision process go through certain steps similar to a buying decision process. This is expected to give a theory-testing contribution to science where the chosen theoretical model for a buying decision process is strengthened. </p><p>The thesis is based on a qualitative method of research to achieve this purpose where the main information comes from semi-structured interviews with three charities and ten individuals who all contribute to charity.</p><p>From the gathered empirical data and the following analysis, several conclusions are presented in the thesis based on earlier research questions. The purpose of the thesis is considered to have been fulfilled, the chosen theory of buying decision process is considered to be fully proficient to explain a donation decision process. A donation to charity is, according to the thesis, considered as an impulse decision with low involvement that has strong emotional factors, such as motivation, which influences the decision. The writers believe that this thesis could be useful to other researchers within this field of science, or charities searching for insight into individual’s donation decision process. </p> / <p>Genom åren har allt fler hjälporganisationer etablerats på marknaden och konkurrensen mellan dem ökar. Detta har inneburit att hjälporganisationerna har blivit tvingade att använda marknadsföringsstrategier i större utsträckning än tidigare för att stärka sin konkurrenskraft. </p><p>Forskningen inom filantropi i samband med ekonomi och marknadsföring är eftersatt i Sverige och den forskning som sker idag är främst inriktad på varför individer donerar pengar till välgörenhet. Denna uppsats vill undersöka <em>hur </em>en bidragsgivare kommer fram till beslutet att donera pengar.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen blir därför att utifrån en köpbeslutsprocess gällande produkter beskriva donationsbeslutsprocessen för bidragsgivare. Genom detta syfte vill uppsatsförfattarna se hur donationsbeslutsprocessen går till och jämföra den utifrån en modell för köpbeslutsprocesser som finns inom marknadsföringsteorin. Detta förväntas ge ett teoriprövande bidrag till forskningen och stärka och vidga användningsområdet för den valda modellen för köpbeslutsprocessen. </p><p>För att uppnå detta syfte har uppsatsen en kvalitativ metod där den primära källan för information är semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre stycken hjälporganisationer och tio stycken bidragsgivare. Utifrån empirin och den följande analysen presenteras ett antal slutsatser. </p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen ansågs vara uppfyllt då den valda teorin om köpbeslutsprocessen väl kunde förklara en donationsbeslutsprocess. En donation enligt uppsatsen är ett impulsbeslut med låg involvering trots att motiven bakom är av emotionell natur. Det låga engagemanget grundar sig i att bidragsbranschen ses som homogen. Tilliten spelar stor roll, men är komplex för bidragsgivarna och många är väldigt känsliga för medierapportering. </p><p>Det förväntade bidraget till forskning kan därmed sägas ha uppnåtts, marknadsföringteorin om köpbeslutprocessen kan användas för att beskriva en donationsbeslutsprocess. Uppsatsförfattarna anser att denna uppsats kan komma till användning för andra forskare inom området eller för hjälporganisationer som vill få insikt i bidragsgivarnas beslutsprocess.</p>

Throughout the years more and more charitable organisations have appeared and the competition between them has increased. This has forced the charities to use more marketing strategies in their work in order to strengthen their competitiveness.  Research in philanthropy in terms of economy and marketing has been neglected in Sweden and the research that is done today is mainly focused on why individuals donate to charity. A donation, according to the writers of this thesis, has been seen as an economical activity and can therefore be explained and understood through economical models and theories. This thesis aims to see how a contributor to charity makes the decision to donate money, consequently see how the donation decision process actually works from a theoretical model of a buying decision process from marketing literature.  The purpose of this thesis is therefore to from a buying decision process concerning products describe the donation decision process for contributors to charity. By achieving this purpose the writers aim to compare if a donation decision process go through certain steps similar to a buying decision process. This is expected to give a theory-testing contribution to science where the chosen theoretical model for a buying decision process is strengthened.  The thesis is based on a qualitative method of research to achieve this purpose where the main information comes from semi-structured interviews with three charities and ten individuals who all contribute to charity. From the gathered empirical data and the following analysis, several conclusions are presented in the thesis based on earlier research questions. The purpose of the thesis is considered to have been fulfilled, the chosen theory of buying decision process is considered to be fully proficient to explain a donation decision process. A donation to charity is, according to the thesis, considered as an impulse decision with low involvement that has strong emotional factors, such as motivation, which influences the decision. The writers believe that this thesis could be useful to other researchers within this field of science, or charities searching for insight into individual’s donation decision process. / Genom åren har allt fler hjälporganisationer etablerats på marknaden och konkurrensen mellan dem ökar. Detta har inneburit att hjälporganisationerna har blivit tvingade att använda marknadsföringsstrategier i större utsträckning än tidigare för att stärka sin konkurrenskraft.  Forskningen inom filantropi i samband med ekonomi och marknadsföring är eftersatt i Sverige och den forskning som sker idag är främst inriktad på varför individer donerar pengar till välgörenhet. Denna uppsats vill undersöka hur en bidragsgivare kommer fram till beslutet att donera pengar. Syftet med uppsatsen blir därför att utifrån en köpbeslutsprocess gällande produkter beskriva donationsbeslutsprocessen för bidragsgivare. Genom detta syfte vill uppsatsförfattarna se hur donationsbeslutsprocessen går till och jämföra den utifrån en modell för köpbeslutsprocesser som finns inom marknadsföringsteorin. Detta förväntas ge ett teoriprövande bidrag till forskningen och stärka och vidga användningsområdet för den valda modellen för köpbeslutsprocessen.  För att uppnå detta syfte har uppsatsen en kvalitativ metod där den primära källan för information är semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre stycken hjälporganisationer och tio stycken bidragsgivare. Utifrån empirin och den följande analysen presenteras ett antal slutsatser.  Syftet med uppsatsen ansågs vara uppfyllt då den valda teorin om köpbeslutsprocessen väl kunde förklara en donationsbeslutsprocess. En donation enligt uppsatsen är ett impulsbeslut med låg involvering trots att motiven bakom är av emotionell natur. Det låga engagemanget grundar sig i att bidragsbranschen ses som homogen. Tilliten spelar stor roll, men är komplex för bidragsgivarna och många är väldigt känsliga för medierapportering.  Det förväntade bidraget till forskning kan därmed sägas ha uppnåtts, marknadsföringteorin om köpbeslutprocessen kan användas för att beskriva en donationsbeslutsprocess. Uppsatsförfattarna anser att denna uppsats kan komma till användning för andra forskare inom området eller för hjälporganisationer som vill få insikt i bidragsgivarnas beslutsprocess.

Questa tesi, strutturata in tre articoli interconnessi, mira a fornire una migliore interpretazione del fenomeno delle Fondazioni d’Impresa nella prospettiva del Valore Condiviso, delineando quanto queste organizzazioni possano rivelarsi idonee a creare valore sia per la società sia per le imprese, rispondendo contemporaneamente alle esigenze di molteplici stakeholders. Il primo articolo, attraverso l’analisi della letteratura riguardante le Fondazioni d’Impresa e la teoria del Valore Condiviso, analizza in profondità le caratteristiche più innovative di queste organizzazioni, prendendo poi in considerazione alcuni aspetti potenzialmente interessanti da analizzare. Il secondo articolo presenta uno studio esplorativo finalizzato a verificare come gli interessi dell’impresa fondatrice influenzino il modello organizzativo, le attività e le tematiche affrontate dalle Fondazioni d’Impresa. L’articolo propone una rinnovata classificazione delle Fondazione d’Impresa, che introduce un modello innovativo, il cosiddetto Edifier, e sottolinea quali campo di attività sono più appropriati a seconda degli interessi delle imprese fondatrici. Il terzo articolo, infine, è volto a indagare in profondità i legami che intercorrono tra Imprese Fondatrici e Fondazioni d’Impresa, con una particolare attenzione ai meccanismi attraverso i quali l’impresa può influenzare l’efficacia delle attività della Fondazione. L’articolo mette in evidenza come l'adozione di un modello di trasferimento delle conoscenze possa avere una notevole influenza in termini di efficacia, con conseguenze rilevanti in termini di proattività, competenze ed efficacia della Fondazione. / This thesis, structured in three logically interconnected papers, aims at achieving a better understanding of the phenomenon of Corporate Foundations (CFs) under a Shared Value Perspective, by determining that these organizations are suitable for creating value for both society and firms, and for addressing multiple stakeholders’ needs. The first paper, through a review of the literature researching on CFs and on Shared Value, analyses in depth the most innovative characteristics of these organizations, and attempts to consider some potentially interesting issues to be stressed, coherently with the perspective adopted. The second paper presents an exploratory study aimed at verifying how the interests of the founder firm influence the model, activities and issues addressed by CFs. The paper proposes a classification of CFs introducing an innovative model, the so-called edifier, and underlines which field of activities are more appropriate according to the objective of the firms. The third paper is aimed at investigating in depth the ties connecting Founder Firms and CFs, with a special attention to the mechanisms through which a firm can impact CF’s effectiveness. The paper puts in evidence that the adoption of a model has a substantial influence on effectiveness, with many consequences on the proactivity, competences and social influence of CFs.

This thesis is designed to explore consumer attitudes and behaviors toward corporations that engage in socially responsible practices. The goal of this project was to determine if there was a relationship between a company’s perceived reputation for social responsibility and attitudes and behaviors that would favorably impact the company. Specifically, the project uses a case study of UPS and its support of Zoo Atlanta to further test these relationships in a true-to-life scenario. The findings reveal implications for corporate communication efforts in two ways: first, by serving as a framework to evaluate future corporate giving programs and to better understand company reputation; and second, by understanding the importance of strategically positioning one’s company as a good corporate citizen.

Although studies in scholarly journals suggest that corporate philanthropic activities may enhance corporate reputation, little systematic research on this effect exists. In fact, our knowledge of consumer responses to corporate philanthropic initiatives is limited. While corporate success relies on the support of customers, business benefits from corporate generosity - such as improved corporate reputation - are lacking. This dissertation investigates consumer perceptions of corporate philanthropy. Specifically, it explores the congruence among consumer perceptions of different philanthropic cause types, their geographical deployment, and the company-cause fit. Moreover, it aims to provide an understanding of the link between corporate philanthropy and corporate reputation by highlighting the role of ethnocentrism in shaping this relationship. The empirical research draws on balance theory, the sociological concept of ethnocentrism, and cultural dimensions to provide a framework and model for the relationship between consumer Attitudes toward Corporate Philanthropy and Customer-based Corporate Reputation. I employ three methodological approaches (interpretive, experimental, and survey-based) to investigate three sets of research questions. Firstly, an exploratory design is employed to uncover consumer and corporate perceptions of corporate philanthropy. Secondly, an experimental design is used to shed light on consumer evaluations of different corporate philanthropic causes and their dimensions by testing three propositions. Finally, a survey design is applied to test six hypotheses, and consequently to provide an understanding of the link between corporate philanthropy and corporate reputation in two distinct cultural contexts. The latter consists of two large-scale surveys in which two leading telecommunication companies, one in Austria and one in Egypt, are examined. Data is analyzed by applying qualitative computing, nonparametric tests, regression analyses, and structural equation modeling. Three consumer views emerge from the interviews: egoistic, altruistic, and pragmatic. The corporate view, in contrast, is largely of strategic nature (i.e. gaining sustainable competitive advantage by means of responsible management). Some weak ethnocentric tendencies appear in terms of consumer preferences for domestic philanthropic support as opposed to distant support. Furthermore, findings point toward congruence in the perceived importance of social causes by consumers, with health-related causes favored most and art-related causes least. The geographical focus of corporate philanthropy (i.e. domestic versus distant) is perceived differently for the education-related cause across all seven industries examined in the experiment. For other causes, however, such as health- or environment-related causes, a significant difference is found in the oil and consulting industries, respectively. This indicates that consumers' evaluation of corporate philanthropic activities is partially dependent on the geographical focus. Additionally, results confirm the existence of weak industry-specific preferences. The support of causes with a close fit to the core business is favored by consumers unless another cause type (less industry-related) is perceived as more worthy of support. In terms of corporate reputation, corporate philanthropy has a small to medium impact on perceptions of the corporation in Egypt and Austria, respectively, varying by respondent subgroup. Consumer Ethnocentrism impacts upon Attitude toward Corporate Philanthropy negatively in Egypt, while in Austria, the absence of Consumer Ethnocentrism moderates the relationship between Attitude toward Corporate Philanthropy and Customer-based Corporate Reputation positively and more strongly than moderate Consumer Ethnocentrism. The research presented in this dissertation advances the extant literature in three important ways. First, it focuses on a relatively neglected area of corporate social responsibility, namely corporate philanthropy - an unconditional contribution by a corporation to a social cause. Second, it embraces corporate reputation as a multidimensional construct (as opposed to a unidimensional construct) and thus contributes to the relatively few studies within reputation measurement that exclusively address the consumer stakeholder group (e.g. Walsh et al. 2009). Furthermore, to best of my knowledge, no scholarly research has examined the relationship between corporate philanthropy and Customer-based Corporate Reputation to date. Third, by examining real customers and real-life companies, this work aims to overcome the limitations of the laboratory settings that have traditionally been preferred in this area of research. For managers, the findings offer valuable consumer insights into corporate philanthropy and indicate strategies to improve business outcomes from philanthropic activities. Suggestions for how corporate philanthropic activities should best be communicated through various channels are provided. In this context, the role of word-of-mouth and social media in disseminating philanthropic information is discussed. (author's abstract)

Abstract As the public began to pay more attention to the corporate performances¡¦ impact on the society, more enterprises are actively engaged in charitable activities in order to fulfill corporate social responsibility. By the observation of the development of Taiwan's public service activities, it can be found that most of the companies started to establish foundations as a feedback channel to all stakeholders. Porter said that social philanthropy should have a strategy. Strategic philanthropy is the way which not only intensifies the competitive advantages of the corporate, but also improves the social well-being. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of corporate foundations which takes the strategic philanthropy in the corporate foundations perspective and the research objects will be the foundations of different industries. This study hopes to understand how the different organization culture will have influence on motivation in the strategic philanthropy and the way of collaboration with non-profit organizations. This study is a qualitative study with secondary data collection and a semi-structured interview for the technology industry and financial industry and the subjects were Advantech ABLE Foudation and Chinatrust Charity Foundation, to understand as the practice of conducting strategic charity. The interview process to the recording, supplemented with notes taken down, in order to avoid missing messages, along with secondary data which analyzed according to the interview.   According to the documents, literature reviews and collecting interview results, we can propose the following conclusions: 1. The organizational culture of corporate foundations were affected by the companies, founders and the leaders. 2. The emergence of strategic philanthropy absolutely is the trend for the society nowadays. 3. The corporates can make the charity charitable orientation from the successful experience of strategic philanthropy and also unite the members. 4. Stable source of funding available in the non-profit organizations, a model to study business management and to increase awareness and level of exposure, volunteer working to resolve the plight of human resources.

Institutional philanthropy (which includes the spectrum of all formalized grantmaking organizations) remains one of the least understood and researched aspects of giving. There is also limited scholarly attention to the relationship between foundation governance and grantmaking, despite normative claims about 'elite' foundation boards selecting 'elite' nonprofit's. Yet, foundations are increasingly using committees of community volunteers to allocate grants, rather than leaving grant decisions to a traditional board of directors. The goal of community involvement in grantmaking is better grant decisions, due to community members' information advantage and consequently greater knowledge of community needs. However, no one has tested whether community boards are making different decisions than traditional boards, much less whether their decisions are better. Drawing on a sample of 6 funders who use both community and traditional boards, their 616 grantees, and 955 comparable non-grantees I build on the economic model of giving to identify differences and similarities in the characteristics of nonprofit's that receive grants. Although I find much more congruence between grant decisions of community and traditional boards than literature expects I explore this finding through an in depth case study of two foundations who do this type of work. I find, similar to previous work in the public sector that simply involving community members in a grants process does not automatically generate different organizational decisions. Instead, it is only when a public participation program is effectively designed that grant decisions truly reflective community input.

Scholarship on education and social reform has studied how communities with a history of literacy and employment in pre-colonial state administrations adjusted to the new socio-political order brought about by the British Empire in India. My work shifts the attention to the Indian aristocracy and mercantile communities and examines why they promoted modern education. I argue that rulers of Indian states adapted to the colonial environment quite effectively. Instead of a break from the past, traditional ideas of rajadharma (duties of a king) evolved and made room for reformist social and economic policies. This dissertation examines why many Indian princes (kings and queens) adopted liberal policies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I argue that English-educated rulers of Indian states became reformers and modernizers to enhance their monarchical authority. The main audience for princes was their own state population, neighboring princes, imperial officials, and Indian journalists and politicians. I have carried out research at government archives and public and private libraries in India and the United Kingdom. Sources used include official records and correspondence, annual administrative reports, newspaper accounts, social reform journals, and weeklies and monthlies dedicated to educational topics. I have also consulted memoirs and biographies of kings, queens, diwans (prime ministers) and merchants. My source material is in English and Gujarati. I draw evidence from princely states across India with a focus on Hindu Rajput and Pathan Muslim states in the Gujarat (specifically Saurashtra) region of western India, neighboring the former Bombay Presidency. Due to Gujarat's strong mercantilist tradition, commercial groups played an influential role in society. I examine how and why merchants in princely states supported their ruler's educational policies. I also discuss how mercantile philanthropy crossed political and religious boundaries with the Gujarati (Hindu, Muslim and Jain) diaspora across India, Africa and Burma supporting educational institutions in Gujarat. My dissertation examines the interactions between the English-educated upper caste Hindus, the Anglicized Rajput rulers and the Gujarati merchants to understand how they all contributed to the shaping of modern Gujarati society. / text

This dissertation is a social and cultural history of chemical industrialists and their role in the development of both science and capitalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It focuses on the case of Germany, where many chemists became some the most powerful industrial leaders during this period. Since the late nineteenth century, chemistry in Germany constituted a cosmos radiating from the large industrial sites, of which the academic discipline was just the tip of the iceberg. The chemical Industry supported a formidable scientific research system, and industrial chemists rose to the highest social circles, from which they exerted unique forms of activism. In particular, science philanthropy provided chemical industrialists with a point of entry to elite German society. Their status as scientists, combined with their manufacturing social backgrounds, led to an inclination towards supporting scientific research through direct participation and political lobbying, with less emphasis on the financial donations common in American philanthropy. Crucially, this support extended beyond chemistry, to other applied sciences and even apparently non-industrial pursuits such as astronomy. In these other fields, they sought to replicate the industrial support system that existed in chemistry, while opening the opportunity to participate directly in their amateur scientific interests. I contend that these non-financial forms of support for science played an important role during the radical changes in twentieth-century Germany, including war, hyperinflation, extreme economic cycles, and the increasing political polarization of the Weimar era. / History of Science

This report examines a nonprofit executive education provider, The RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service (RGK), as a conduit to understanding challenges that nonprofit executive education providers in the U.S. are experiencing in the current economic environment. These challenges include attracting participants (who are presently less likely to invest in executive education because of budget constraints), cutting costs, increasing revenue, coping with slashed budgets, and trying to stay innovative by developing timely, relevant content that meets nonprofit leaders’ evolving needs and desires during economic hardship. RGK aims to strategically use its limited resources to expand its executive education programming, called the Strategic Management Program (SMP), in hopes of increasing revenue while better meeting the needs of its local nonprofit leadership community. This report provides the first steps in planning for SMP’s strategic expansion with a market analysis that will give RGK a thorough understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current SMP programming, as well as a comprehensive view of the environment in which the SMP is operating. The market analysis is achieved through examining the external environment, RGK’s internal SMP environment, and a target audience assessment. Second, the report gives specific recommendations and strategies for expanding SMP, based on insights garnered from the market analysis and other research. / text