Yes / Lillis (2001: 53) calls referencing an ‘institutional practice of mystery’, a frequent cause of student anxiety and complaint. It is an area in which a vast perceptional gulf exists between academics and students, one in which academic support staff can see both sides. Students, not wanting to look ‘stupid’ in front of academic staff, will often express their concerns only to librarians and other support staff, so academics do not see the full range of anxieties. This paper reflects on this problem and reports on a successful project to alleviate student fears by decreasing the number of official referencing styles at the University of Bradford.

This dissertation explores the role of social context in advertisement responses, specifically focusing on how the interaction between the social identities to which a person ascribes influence the manner in which they respond to advertisements. The first essay explores how social context and social identity influence perceptions of an advertisement's authenticity. A multi-method, four-study inquiry into perceptions of advertising authenticity combining depth interview, survey, and experimental techniques finds consumer perceptions of authenticity play a key role in attitudes toward advertisements. Findings show consumers naturally assess ads in terms of authenticity and that these perceptions are entwined with self-referencing. In addition, other-referencing is shown to also be linked to authenticity perceptions and ad liking. Finally, a boundary condition on the relationship between authenticity perceptions, self-referencing, and ad liking is discussed, where consumers' reflected appraisals of how they think others will view an advertisement moderates the relationship between self-referencing and attitude towards the ad.The second essay explores, using three experiments, the relationship between reflected appraisals, self-referencing, and ad liking in more detail. Specifically, this essay determines the conditions under which negative reflected appraisals do and not decrease attitude towards the ad. First, this essay shows that when identity and self-referencing are primed, consumers resist negative appraisals about an identity congruent advertisement such that negative appraisals do not decrease ad attitudes. This effect however, does not hold when the target market for an advertisement is external to the social identity and negative appraisals are attributed to out-group members. Here, consumers pay attention to the negative appraisals and decease their attitude toward the ad. This effect, referred to as the dirty laundry effect, occurs because consumers conceptualize identity congruent advertisements as a type of self-presentation. Thus, instead of engaging in defensive behaviors in the face of negative appraisals, consumers become concerned with how they think other people will view them based on the content of the advertisement.

Spatial referencing denotes the act of referring to a location or an object in space. Since it is often essential in different collaborative activities, good support for spatial referencing could lead to exceptional collaborative experience and performance. Augmented Reality (AR) aims to enhance daily activities and tasks in the real world, including various collaborations and social interactions. Good support for accurate and rapid spatial referencing in collaborative AR often requires detailed environment 3D information, which can be critical for the system to acquire as constrained by current technology. This dissertation seeks to address the issues related to spatial referencing in collaborative AR through 3D user interface design and different experiments. Specifically, we start with investigating the impact of poor spatial referencing on close-range, co-located AR collaborations. Next, we propose and evaluate different pointing ray techniques for object reference at a distance without knowledge from the physical environment. We further introduce marking techniques aiming to accurately acquire the position of an arbitrary point in 3D space that can be used for spatial referencing. Last, we provide a systematic assessment of an AR collaborative application that supports efficient spatial referencing in remote learning to demonstrate its benefit. Overall, the dissertation provides empirical evidence of spatial referencing challenges and benefits to collaborative AR and solutions to support adequate spatial referencing when model information from the environment is missing. / Doctor of Philosophy / People often exchange spatial information about objects when they work together. Example phrases include: ``put that there'', or ``pick the third object from left''. On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR) is the technology that displays 3D information into the real world to enhance or augment reality. Scientists and technology practitioners think that AR can help people collaborate in a better way. The AR system needs to have a good understanding of the physical environment to support exchanging spatial information in the first place. However, limited by current technology, acquiring spatial information from the real world is not always possible or reliable. In this dissertation, we first illustrate the severity of insufficient environmental knowledge when collaborators sit next to each other in AR. Then we present pointing ray techniques to help AR collaborators refer to distant objects without knowing where those objects are. We further explore different marking techniques that can help the AR system calculate the position of a point in space without scanning the area. Last, we provide an AR application that supports efficient spatial information communication in remote discussion around physical objects.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / This study evaluates the comparative analysis of cross-referencing in Northern Sotho monolingual dictionary and Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries. The study argues that Northern Sotho-English Lexicographers do not treat cross-referencing in accordance with the lexicographic theories and principles. Since in this study cross-referencing is treated with regard to synonyms and antonyms only, the study has discovered that there are many problems in relation to the application of cross-referencing in these dictionaries. This enables dictionary users to follow it with ease, because if theories are not adhered to, then the motive for using dictionaries becomes null and void. The other thing is that lexicographers mix the translation equivalents of partial synonyms and complete synonyms, that is, partial synonyms are paired with complete synonyms, thus leading to orthorgraphic errors. Moreover, the study discovered that some emerging lexicographers are attempting to apply cross-referencing in their dictionaries, something which is a very good attempt. Therefore, the study recommends that major theories and principles of lexicography should be indicated in the front matter of the dictionaries. This will be to make sure that lexicographers themselves know about those theories, as that will make their dictionaries very useful to their readers.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur barn är delaktiga vid bokläsning, med tillhörande boksamtal. Undersökningen utgick från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med fokus på att allt lärande är situerat, samt att lärande sker i interaktion tillsammans med andra individer. För att synliggöra barns delaktighet vid bokläsningstillfällena och boksamtalen valde vi att använda videofilmade observationer som metod för att samla in material, detta gjordes även för att inte gå miste om värdefull information. Studien genomfördes på en förskola, där det sällan talas om böcker och dess innehåll, vi ville därför föra samtal kring boken med print referencing som bokläsningsmetod, samt med tillhörande boksamtal för att synliggöra barns delaktighet. Vårt resultat visade att barnen var delaktiga när print referencing användes som metod, däremot visade resultatet även att barnen var delaktiga på olika sätt, exempelvis genom sitt tal- och kroppsspråk, samt samspel och interaktion tillsammans med andra individer.

To date, there is limited research that examined the extent to which infants can retain emotion information acquired in a social referencing encounter. The purpose of this study was to examine infants’ memory process for emotion acquired in a social referencing paradigm and the longevity of these memories. We predicted that infants would approach objects paired with a positive and avoid objects paired with a negative emotion. Furthermore, we examined the relationships between looking behaviors at encoding and subsequent behaviors during retrieval after a 10-minute delay. Ten- to fourteen- month-old were exposed to a social referencing paradigm with their encoding behaviors recorded on an eye tracker, then after a 10-minute delay infants were presented with the objects and their retrieval behaviors towards each object were recorded. There were no significant differences in encoding and retrieval behaviors between emotion conditions. However, there were significant correlations between encoding and retrieval behaviors between positive and negative conditions such as quicker latency towards the target at encoding resulted in a longer touch duration towards the object during retrieval in the positive condition and longer looking duration towards the target object at encoding resulted in more avoidance behaviors towards the object during retrieval in the negative condition. Results from the study add to our understanding of infants’ memory for emotion and its processes suggesting a relationship encoding and subsequent retrieval behaviors. Key words: memory, infants, emotion, social referencing

After completing this interactive tutorial you will be able to create a proper American Psychological Association (APA) reference for a webpage. This flash tutorial requires a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher.

After completing this interactive tutorial the user will be able to complete a proper American Psychological Association (APA) reference for a book or journal article. This flash tutorial requires a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher.

A novel surface plasmon resonance sensor is fabricated to evaluate its use in biochemical sensing. The sensor can differentiate between bulk refractive index changes and surface binding reactions of interest. There has been a great interest in developing sensors to differentiate biological or chemical agents from interfering effects, but they still remain in research phase. In this work, a prism coupler is used to simultaneously excite both long and short range surface plasmon modes of the sensor. The differing sensitivities of the long and short range modes allow one to distinguish surface binding reactions of interest from refractive index fluctuations. In this thesis, we have demonstrated the sensors self referencing capability by detecting the formation of an octadecanethiol self assembled monolayer while varying solution refractive index.

Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T12:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_JoãoPaulo-BC.pdf: 1422487 bytes, checksum: 9069d6a5a3525f8e7bb21bf097ec921a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T12:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_JoãoPaulo-BC.pdf: 1422487 bytes, checksum: 9069d6a5a3525f8e7bb21bf097ec921a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-12 / CAPES / Estima-se que um texto subintitulado como "uma biografia"consista na exposição da vida de um indivíduo, centrada numa determinada época e lugar, registrando sua história desde o nascimento até a morte. A escritora inglesa Virginia Woolf, no percurso de sua carreira, refletiu acerca da questão biográfica, não tomando apenas a ficção como tela para isto: dilatara o tema em ensaios como The New Biography, de 1927, e The Art of Biography, de 1932. Orlando: a Biography, na verdade obra romanesca, é publicado no ano de 1928, entre as publicações desses dois ensaioschaves para este trabalho. Orlando, personagem central da narrativa, desliza sobre mais de três séculos de história e literatura: poeta, intenta alcançar sua obra-prima, The Oak Tree; num mesmo corpo e nome, passa de homem para mulher, chocandose com a letargia dos tempos vitorianos; vai de encontro aos pudores da época em relação a gênero e sexualidade; e sua história põe em evidência, para além da realidade biográfica de Woolf, a conotação dos próprios jogos em que a escrita literária se envolve. A metaliteratura é tida em sua natureza autorreflexiva, ou seja, é a literatura dobrando-se sobre si mesma, num vasto sistema de espelhamentos. A proposta deste trabalho, então, compreende a análise de Orlando: A Biography sob o ponto de vista metaliterário, cuja ordem toma a obra como recorte primeiro da apreensão teórica e crítica do estudo. Para tanto, intenta-se uma via de acesso às teorias da literatura e da ficção nos aportes epistemológicos de Roland Barthes (1979), Michel Foucault (2001), Linda Hutcheon (1991), Gustavo Bernardo (2010); e, ao pensar nos argumentos acerca das referências críticas da obra, os textos de Hermione Lee (1999), Quentin Bell (1972) Monique Nathan (1989) e Maud Manonni (1999) foram de extrema importância. / It is believed that a text subtitled as "a biography" consistis of the the portrayal of one's life centered in a given time place,relating facts which are proven to recall his or her lifetime from origin to death. Throughout her career, British writer Virginia Woolf has reflected upon the issue of biography not only in its representation in its representation in fiction:she has broadened the theme in essays as "The New Biography"(1927), and "The Art of Biography"(1932)."Orlando:a biography",actually a novel,takes place in the year of 1928, situated between the publication of the aforementioned essays which are key to this work.Once Orlando is bom,the narrative's main character slides along more than three centuries of history and literature: being a poet, he intends to accomplish his master piece,"The Oak Tree";under one name and inside one body, he goes from men to woman; is faced with the lethargy of Victorian times; confronts the prudishness of the time regarding gender and sexuality; in addition, his story reveals,beyond Woolf's biographical reality,the connotation of the games in which literary writing is engaged. Metaliterature is taken in its self-reflective nature, that is, literature revolving around itself in a vast system of mirroring. The aim of this work, then, engenders the analysis of this novel under the scope of metaliterature. Thus, we have attempted to approach the literary and fiction theories through the epistemological contributions of Roland Barthes (1979), Michel Foucault (2001), Linda Hutcheon (1991), Gustavo Bernardo (2010); moreover, regarding the criticism of Orlando, the works of Hermione Lee (1999), Quentin Bell (1972), Monique Nathan (1989) e Maud Manonni (1999) were of utmost importance.