The purpose of this study was to examine how preschool teachers relate to dancing with the youngest children in preschool. As the method I used questions sent by mail to the six selected preschool teachers. The questions were answered by the preschool teachers as a bit shorter written stories that followed throughout each question. I chose three teachers with shorter working experience in preschool and three teachers with long working experience in preschool. The answers I got from the interviews were presented in a result section.   Then I drew parallels between the responses I received, the selected literature and my own thoughts. The results showed that all teachers except one was interested in dancing and considered themselves using dance as an educational tool for the youngest children. All educators clearly show that they know that children experience the world with their bodies and their minds. By contrast, all agree that dance/movement was important for the child’s body development and body awareness. / Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur förskollärare förhåller sig till dans med de yngsta barnen i förskolan. Som metod skickade jag ut frågor via mail till sex stycken utvalda förskollärare. Frågorna besvarades av pedagogerna som lite kortare skrivna berättelser som följde under varje fråga. Jag valde tre pedagoger med kortare arbetserfarenhet i förskolan och tre pedagoger med längre arbetserfarenhet i förskolan. Svaren som jag fick från pedagogerna presenterades i ett resultatkapitel. Därefter drog jag paralleller mellan mitt resultat, min valda litteratur och mina egna tankar.   Resultatet visade att alla pedagoger utom en var intresserade av dans och ansåg sig använda dansen som ett pedagogiskt verktyg till de yngsta barnen. Alla pedagoger visar tydligt att de vet att små barn upplever världen med sin kropp och sina sinnen. Däremot var alla eniga om att dans/rörelse var viktigt för barns kroppsutveckling och kroppsmedvetenhet.

An analysis of data from the Community College Survey of Student Engagement and multiyear analysis of pretest/posttest scores in introductory criminal justice courses revealed there was a systemic decline in student engagement and achievement. Because of this analysis, a commercial virtual learning tool (CJI) that purported great success in improving student engagement and performance was identified and implemented on the college's course management application in the spring of 2010. CJI, a comprehensive learning tool that incorporated Web 2.0 activities, such as video, simulations, and study aids, was designed to improve student engagement and performance. The inclusion of Web 2.0 activities was important because the majority of students at Herkimer County Community College are of the Millennial generation, those born between 1979 and 1994. The purpose of this study was to investigate the design and implementation of a VLT, utilizing multiple intelligence theory while specifically targeting Millennial students could improve student engagement and achievement. For this study, the VLT was implemented in two hybrid sections and compared to a traditional section of an introductory criminal justice class. The quasi-experimental design examined the effectiveness of a VLT on student learning, and engagement. Based on the results, the VLT had a positive effect on students' perception of ease of use and usefulness. The students' positive perception led to an increase in student engagement the testing period. The results of the testing revealed that overall students found the VLT beneficial to them as a learning tool and had a positive impact on their course performance. While the VLT did not improve student performance beyond that of the traditional lecture course, there were positive implications in the design of the VLT utilizing multiple intelligence theory as a foundation. The implications of this study involved the impact of the VLT on students' perception of usefulness and ease of use. A VLT designed with multiple intelligence learning tools can improve student engagement and their perception of the tools usefulness and ease of use. It is clear that VLTs' designed with multiple intelligence learning tools should be incorporated as a tool to improve student performance.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / The integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) program has developed standards for network-based telemetry systems, which implementers and range users of Telemetry Network System (TmNS) equipment can use to promote interoperability between components. While standards promote interoperability, only implementation of the standards can ensure it. This paper discusses the tools that are being developed by the iNET program which implement the technologies and protocols specified in the iNET standards in order to ensure interoperability between TmNS components and provide a general framework for device development. Capabilities provided by the tools include system management, TmNS message processing, metadata processing, and time synchronization.

ABSTRAKT Bakgrund: De mest sjuka/sköra äldre är en ökande grupp patienter som ofta hamnar i kläm då missförstånd uppstår vid övergång mellan slutenvård och kommunal sjukvård. Tidigare forskning har visat att bland annat bristande informationsöverföring mellan instanser är en av de mest förekommande orsakerna till vårdskador. Att samarbetet mellan dessa två primära vårdinstanser fungerar är av största vikt för god patientsäkerhet. Syfte: att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av samarbetet mellan slutenvården och kommunal sjukvård kring den äldre patienten. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes för att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av samarbetet mellan slutenvård och kommunal sjukvård. Sammanlagt 27 sjuksköterskor från både kommunal sjukvård och slutenvård svarade på en elektronisk enkät via e-post. Deras svar analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor från både slutenvården och den kommunala sjukvården anser att ett bättre samarbete måste till för att öka patientsäkerheten. Brister finns i samarbetet framför allt kring läkemedelshantering, kommunikation och informationsöverföring. De upplever även att förståelsen för varandras verksamheter bör öka. Som förbättringsförslag ges utbildning och hospitering för att öka sjuksköterskornas kompetens för det gemensamma kommunikationsverktyget och bättre förståelse för de olika verksamheterna. Slutsats: Samarbetet mellan kommunal sjukvård och slutenvård kan bli bättre och patientsäkerheten öka om läkemedelshanteringen säkras, bra planer görs upp med och för patienten och om informationsöverföringen sker korrekt. Då möjliggörs ett gott samarbetet och vårdens övergångar blir inte lika märkbara för patienten. Det befintliga kommunikationsverktyget, om det används till fullo, är ett bra stöd i detta. / ABSTRACT Background: The frail and/or sick elderly are a growing group of patients who are often caught in between healthcare instances when misunderstandings occur in transition between inpatient and municipal healthcare providers. Previous research has shown that, among other things, lack of information between instances are one of the most common causes of preventable harm. Improved cooperation between these two primary health facilities work is of paramount importance for patient safety. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine nurses experiences of cooperation between inpatient care and municipal healthcare concerning geriatric patients. Method: A qualitative method was chosen to investigate the nurses' experience of cooperation between inpatient care and municipal healthcare. A total of 27 nurses from both municipal and inpatient answered an electronic questionnaire via e-mail. Their answers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Nurses from both inpatient care and municipal healthcare believes that the cooperation is in need of improvement in order to increase patient safety. Shortcomings occur in cooperation, especially regarding medicinal management, communication and information transfer. They are also under the impression that an increased understanding of each other's work situations are crucial. Suggestions of improvement are increased education within the common communicational tool and also visits to each other’s workplaces to increase the understanding of the different work situations. Conclusion: An increased and improved cooperation between municipal healthcare and inpatient care can improve patient safety if medicinal management and transference is secured, better care plans are set up with and for the patient, and also that information transfer is conducted properly. These things will enable a good cooperation and transition of caregiver will not be as noticeable to the patient. The existing tool for communication, if used to its full extent, is a great support in doing this.

3 pp. / Pedometers are small devices worn at the hip to count the number of steps walked per day. Pedometers gained popularity as a tool for motivating and monitoring physical activity. The purpose of the publication was to provide basic mechanisms and functions of pedometers. Additionally, we provided information of new technology (cell phone and Google Maps) that are emerging as a tool for motivating physical activity.

2 pp. / Food labels are designed to help consumers to make healthy food choices. Yet Nutrition Facts label is not always easy to understand due to a lot of technical information. The step-by-step approach in this publication is easy to follow, and may help consumers to build skills how to read and use the information on a Nutrition Facts label more easily and effectively for their needs. The 2-pages information sheet is useful, especially when a nutrition educator teaches a lay person those tricky foods labeling terms and recommends healthy alternative in his/her diet.

Bakgrund: Minnen från intensivvård är ett ämne som är väl undersökt. Det är sedan tidigare känt att de minnen och upplevelser patienten har från intensiwårdstiden kan leda till ppykologiska problem som påverkar patienten en lång tid efter utskrivning. I flera studier i ämnet har neurokirurgiska patienter exkluderats. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva neurokirurgiska patienters minnen och upplevelser av intensiwårdstiden. Metod: Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån ICU Memory Tool. Totalt intervjuades fyra patienter. Materialet har dels sammanställts kvantitativt dels analyserats utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: De minnen och upplevelser patientema hade från intensiwårdstiden resulterade i tre övergrþande teman, Att vara i en drömvtirld, Att vara i en luinslomdssig vdrld samt En verklig vrirld. lnom varje tema återfanns såväl negativa som positiva minnen och upplevelser.

Sound financial management is a growing concept in the public sector, especially in local government. The South African government has put in place policies and mechanisms to create a conducive environment for municipalities to manage finances in an effective manner. The management of municipal finance is supported by a set of policies and regulations to strengthen the use of public money. Among the respective policy frameworks, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa expects the government entities to be transparent and accountable. Here in, these financial measures are also guided by the Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003 and the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999 (as amended 29 of 1999). Measured transparency is critically important for management public funds. Accountability is an essential element in achieving institutional goals, especially where public funds are used. Accountability allows public institutions to provide assurance to the tax payers and to their principals. The Auditor General expects municipalities to be accountable for their financial activities through regular reporting. The Annual Report will therefore be compiled for reporting and it must include all required information. Audit Committee becomes very critical, as a structure established to guide the municipality on finances and ensure that the report is credible in every respect. Metsimaholo municipality has however been facing challenges as per the opinions of the Auditor General based on financial reporting, amongst other things. This study involves the extent to which financial reporting serves as a tool for promoting accountability. In order to test the hypothesis, literature was reviewed to analyse and evaluate financial reporting and accountability. Empirical research was conducted to test and analyse the existence of practices, procedures and policies that promote sound financial management and their effectiveness. Data was collected through questionnaires and face to face structured and unstructured interviews, with respondents from employees of Metsimaholo Local Municipality and community structures. This study found among others that: *Policies for financial reporting exist but are not fully complied with *There is a lack of follow up with and implementation of Auditor General’s recommendations *Audit Committee recommendations are not fully implemented *There are no clear lines of responsibilities between councillors and officials with regard to financial management The study concludes with recommendations to assist the municipality in committing themselves to adopt strategies towards financial reporting for improved accountability. / Thesis (M. Development and Management (Public Management and Government))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Decentralization is a buzzword in current discussions on Public Management and its debate has always been a contentious one. The concept involves the restructuring or reorganization of authority so that there is a system of co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, provincial, regional and local levels according to the principle of subsidiary, thus increasing the overall quality and effectiveness of the system of governance, while increasing the authority and capacities of sub-national levels. The dispersal of financial responsibility is a core component of decentralization. Similarly, fiscal aspect is one of the decentralization programs. Moreover, fiscal as a tool is to change from inefficient to efficient public sector functioning and to improve relations between local governments for more efficient in public service. Importantly, decentralization of fiscal responsibilities is envisaged to increase efficiency in service delivery and reduce information and transaction costs associated with the provision of public services. By implication, efficiency in this context means how a country’s public finances are structured and how nation-state that is fragmented holds its finances together in the first place. The concept of “Supply Chain Management” (SCM) is the network of organizations that are involved, through upstream and downstream linkages, in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services delivered to the ultimate customer. Public sector SCM is seen as an acquisition of goods and service which has broader social, economic and political implications. Effective public sector SCM has potential benefits such as inventory reduction, improved service delivery and cost reduction across supply chain. Despite these benefits, South African (SA) public sector encounters challenges of SCM. In Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM), these challenges range from a paucity of human resources due to lack of skills and capacity in the implementation and execution of SCM functions, poor implementation of SCM practices, quality of service in the SCM and to poor collaborative planning. Other barriers are lack of fiscal accountability, tight budget constraints and conflict of interest in the awarding of tenders which leads to political elite and bureaucratic corruption which cascades into unethical and unfair procurement dealings. These costly burdens result in ELM’s failure to meet community needs. Due to these challenges, the Fiscal Decentralization of SCM functions currently occupies a centre stage in the financial management reform process at ELM. Evaluating the efficiency of fiscal decentralization within the Supply Chain Management Department of Emfuleni Local Municipality requires an in-depth understanding of criteria. The concepts and principles from an examination of documentary data and analysed by the researcher were applied. In addition, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and observation methods were conducted to solicit comments from senior managers, employees and service providers This study reports the results of a full survey among a sample of the municipality-wide customers in the study area. It was found amongst other that: • Fiscal Decentralization as SCM efficiency tool has had only marginal positive effect at ELM • Effective implementation of fiscal decentralization is a function of well trained, qualified personnel crop, an attribute which is only beginning to get at ELM • Fiscal decentralization is best promoted wish performance management, a strategy which is well performed at ELM The study ends with recommendations for management action in committing themselves to take strategic fiscal decisions and actions that hold the key to the success of decentralized decision making. / MA, Public Management and Administration, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

The current study gathers thermoplastics professionals’ perceptions on the implementation of lean-manufacturing in the Thermoplastics-manufacturing industry through Qualtrics, which is a survey website. From the professionals’ perceptions, the current study infers the current status of lean-manufacturing implementation in the thermoplastic-manufacturing industry and identifies the best lean theories and tools for the industry. However, the results of the current study are not generalizable to the entire thermoplastic-manufacturing industry. The current study reviews thermoplastic-manufacturing processes from the house of lean’s perspective. The foundations of the house are stability and standardization, the pillars are Just-In-Time (JIT) and Jidoka, the roof is customer focus, and the heart is employee involvement. Thermoplastic-manufacturing processes include extrusion, fiber spinning, film casting, film blowing, and injection molding. The questionnaire of this survey includes six rating-scale, two multiple-choice (multiple-answer), and three closed-ended questions. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents through email, LinkedIn, and Society of Plastic Engineers (SPE). The expected responses’ quantity was 35. Since some of the respondents did not complete the whole survey, the actual responses’ quantity for each question was between 39 and 45. Based on the respondents’ perceptions, the implementation of lean manufacturing in the thermoplastic-manufacturing industry is incomplete. The industry professionals should put more attention and effort on the implementation of JIT and Jidoka. To fully implement JIT and Jidoka, thermoplastic-manufacturing companies should use lean tools that are related to JIT and Jidoka, such as kanban, takt time, heijunka, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and poka-yoke, more often. Additionally, the thermoplasticmanufacturing industry practitioners perceived that the best lean theories for the industry were standardization, involvement, and stability, and the best lean tools were 5S, Total Production Maintenance (TPM), and poka-yoke