Our modern society posts high demands for transparency, not least regarding organisational communication. The perception that the power of defining transparency lies with the audience aimed to perceive it has reached great academic anchoring, but research on the field is thin. The Swedish lifestyle company Oatly describes itself as transparent, but with a number of hypotheses the authors of this thesis essay examine whether their audience agrees. The study also investigates which key factors are contributing to the audience’s perception of the company’s communication. The study is both theoretically and empirically based on a model created by Rawlins (2009), in which four main categories determine an organisation’s transparency; Participation, Substantial Information, Accountability and Secretive. The empirical studies (an internet survey with 346 respondents and 4 conversational interviews) offered evidence which manifests trends among the audience. Oatly’s clear and accessible communication, trustworthiness and humor turned out to be key factors contributing to the audience perceiving Oatly as very transparent. The perception of Oatly’s transparency seemed to be created when the audience interacted with the company, their friends or product packagings, rather than when they were given information through a one-way channel. This thesis essay consequently concludes with an appeal for further research on the notion of transparency to - in order to achieve validity - be put in a modern context where mobility and social interaction are central concepts. / Vårt moderna samhälle ställer höga krav på transparens, inte minst när det gäller organisationskommunikation. Uppfattningen om att makten att definiera transparens ligger hos den publik tänkt att åtnjuta den har nått stark akademisk förankring, men forskningsfältet är tunnt. Det svenska livsstilsföretaget Oatly beskriver ​sig själva som transparenta, men med en rad hypoteser undersöker författarna av denna uppsats istället huruvida företagets ​publik uppfattar det som sådant , samt vilka faktorer som påverkar deras uppfattning. Studien finner både sin teoretiska och empiriska utgångspunkt i en av Rawlins (2009) sammanställd modell där fyra huvudsakliga faktorer avgör organisationers transparens: Deltagande, konkret information, pålitlighet och hemligheter. Studiens empiri (en internetenkät med 346 respondenter samt 4 djupintervjuer) erbjöd bevis som manifesterar uppenbara trender bland publiken. Oatly’s tydliga och lätttillgängliga kommunikation, produktförpackningar och humor visade sig vara centrala faktorer, och författarna når i uppsatsen slutsatsen att Oatly definieras som mycket transparenta av sin publik. Uppfattningen av Oatly’s transparens tycktes uppstå vid de tillfällen då publiken interagerade med företaget, sina vänner eller produktförpackningar, snarare än när de enbart levererades information. Uppsatsen avslutas därför med en notering om att forskning på ämnet transparens måste - för att uppnå validitet - sättas in i ett samtida kontext där mobilitet och social interaktion är centrala koncept.

Στην εργασία αυτή μελετούμε φαινόμενα μεταβατικής (χρονικά εξαρτημένης) απορρόφησης σε δύο συστήματα κβαντικών τελειών, κάτω από συνθήκες που οδηγούν τις κβαντικές τελείες να εμφανίσουν σε στάσιμη κατάσταση φαινόμενα οπτικής διαφάνειας, και πιο συγκεκριμένα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά επαγόμενη διαφάνεια και οπτική διαφάνεια λόγω εξωτερικού δυναμικού. Μετά από μια σχετικά σύντομη εισαγωγή στις κβαντικές τελείες και στο φαινόμενο και την ιστορία της ηλεκτρομαγνητικά επαγόμενης διαφάνειας, τα συστήματα των κβαντικών τελειών μελετώνται με την μεθοδολογία του πίνακα πυκνότητας, η οποία αναπτύσσεται στην παρούσα εργασία. Τα αποτελέσματα που εξάγουμε προκύπτουν από αριθμητικές λύσεις των αντίστοιχων εξισώσεων του πίνακα πυκνότητας για διάφορες τιμές παραμέτρων. / In this thesis we study transient absorption in two quantum dot systems under the conditions of optical transparency. We will study two types of transparency; the first is voltage-controlled transparency and the second electromagnetically induced transparency. The thesis starts with a short introduction in quantum dot nanostructures that is followed by an introduction to the phenomenon and the history of electromagnetically induced transparency. We then study the coherent interaction of the electromagnetic fields with the quantum dots with the methodology of the density matrix that is analysed in the thesis. We solve the appropriate density matrix equations numerically for the structures under study and present results for several system parameters.

Abstract in English with Zulu and SeTswana translations / This thesis examines organisational transparency in South African banking after the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The crisis upset the global economy and resulted in general mistrust in banks and the global financial system. In addition to poor governance standards, inadequate transparency was identified as a key issue to be addressed in order to prevent future crises. The nature and consequences of banking transparency became a matter of worldwide debate. While the extant literature focuses mainly on banking transparency in the context of accounting, this study uses a communication perspective, examining transparency as a dynamic social and organisational phenomenon that is constituted through and reflected in organisational discourse, with both symbolic and practical implications. The primary objective of this study was to establish how the discourse in the institutional field of banking in South Africa after the Financial Crisis shaped the construction of the meaning of transparency in banking, and consequently how organisational field level discourse contributed to the institutionalisation of transparency practices in South African banking. The study adapted several conceptual frameworks previously used in discourse studies in order to analyse a banking field discourse at meso-level. From the data analysis perspective, the qualitative content analysis was performed with the aid of ATLAS.ti 8 software. The sample for the study comprises 76 purposively selected documents produced by the actors within the institution field of banking from the onset of the Financial Crisis until 2018. This study underlines the importance of the discourse within the institutional field of banking in South Africa and the construction of what is normal, acceptable and expected in terms of banking transparency, and its institutionalisation, thus highlighting the historical and social embeddedness of banking transparency. The data analysis identifies the main discursive strands within the banking discourse: one that is focused on market conduct transparency and the other, which addresses the importance of banks’ transparency in maintaining stability in the financial system. The results also reveal multiple meanings of transparency in South African banking and draw attention to the historical and discursive events that trigger change in institutional fields. / Le thesisi iphenya ukusebenza shashalazi kwenhlangano eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kwenhlekelele yezimali ukusukela ngo 2007 ukufika ngo 2009. Le nhlekelele yaguqula isimo somhlaba kwezomnotho yaze yadala izinga lokungasathembeki kwamabhangi nohlelo lwezimali emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza phezu kwamazinga angagculisi okuphathwa kwamabhizinisi, ukungasebenzi shashalazi ngokwanele kuye kwabonwa njengodaba oluyinkinga okufanele luxazululwe ukugwema izinkinga esikhathini esizayo. Ubunjalo besimo kanye nemiphumela yohlelo olushashalazi lwemboni yezamabhangi kugcine sekuba wudaba oluxoxwa umhlaba wonke. Njengoba umbhalo wobuciko okhona ugxile kakhulu phezu kohlelo olushashalazi lwamabhangi kweze-accounting, lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa umqondo wezokuxhumana, luhlola uhlelo olushashalazi njengohlelo lwenhlangano yomphakathi oluguqukayo futhi olwakhekayo, kanti lolu hlelo lubonakala njengodaba lwenhlangano, ngendlela yophawu nangendlela ephathekayo. Inhloso yokuqala yalolu cwaningo kwabe kukuthola indlela lesi sifundo emkhakheni weziko lezamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kokuthi iziNhlekelele zeZimali zishintshe isakhiwo sencazelo yegama lokusebenza shashalazi kwezamabhangi, bese ekugcineni ingabe udaba lwezinga lomkhakha wenhlangano lube negalelo elinjani ekwakhiweni kwezingqubo zohlelo olushashalazi embonini yezamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo luguqule izakhiwo zegama ezimbalwa ebezisetshenziswa esikhathini esedlule ezifundweni zocwaningo ukuhlaziya udaba lomkhakha wezamabhangi ezingeni lomhlaba. Ngokomqondo wokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuhlaziywa ngendlela egxile kwingxoxo yolwazi olumumethwe kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-ATLAS.ti 8 software. Isampula yocwaningo iqukethe imibhalo engama-76 ekhethwe ngenhloso ekhiqizwe ngabadlali abangaphakathi komkhakha weziko lezamabhangi ngesikhathi sokuqala kweNhlekelele yeZezimali ukufika ngonyaka ka 2018. Ucwaningo lugcizelela ukubaluleka kwesifundo esingaphakathi komkhakha weziko lezamabhangi kanye nokwakhiwa kwalokho okuthathwa ukuthi kujwayelekile, kuyamukeleka futhi kulindelwe mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza shashalazi kwamabhangi, kanye nokkwakhiwa kwalolu hlelo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuveza umlando kanye kanye nabantu ohlelweni lokusebenza shashalazi kwezamabhangi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenze ukuthi kuphawuleke izimpawu ezibalulekile ezidukisayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezamabhangi; olunye lugxile phezu kohlelo olushashalazi mayelana nokuziphatha kwamabhangi, kanti olunye lubhekene nokubaluleka kohlelo olushashalazi kwezamabhangi ngenhloso yokugcina ingqubo ezinzile ohlelweni lwezezimali. Imiphumela nayo iveza izincazelo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza shashalazi kwamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika kanye nokuxwayisa ngomlando nangezehlakalo ezidukisayo eziphembelela ukuthi kube nezinguquko emikhakheni yamaziko. / Phuputso ena e hlahloba ponaletso ya mokgatlo lekaleng la dibanka tsa Afrika Borwa kamora koduwa ya ditjhelete ya ho tloha 2007 ho isa ho 2009. Koduwa ena e ile ya ferekanya moruo wa lefatshe mme ya fella ka ho se tsheptjwe ha dibanka le tsamaiso ya ditjhelete ya lefatshe. Ntle le maemo a mabe a puso, ponaletso e sa lekanang e ile ya hlwauwa e le taba ya mantlha e lokelang ho rarollwa ho thibela mathata a kamoso. Sebopeho le ditlamorao tsa ponaletso ya dibanka ebile taba ya puisano ya lefatshe ka bophara. Leha dingodilweng tse fumanehang hona jwale di shebile ponaletso ya dibanka haholo-holo maemong a ho boloka dibuka, phuputso ena e sebedisa pono ya puisano, e lekolang ponaletso e le taba e matla ya phedisano le mokgatlo e hlophisitsweng ka, mme e bontshitswe puong ya mokgatlo, ka diphello tsa matshwao le tse sebetsang ka bobedi. Morero wa mantlha wa phuputso ena e ne e le ho tiisa hore na puo lefapheng la dibanka Afrika Borwa kamora Koduwa ya Ditjhelete e thehile kaho ya moelelo wa ponaletso dibankeng jwang, le hore na puo ya boemo ba mokgatlo e kentse letsoho jwang ho hlophiseng mekgwa ya ponaletso dibankeng tsa Afrika Borwa. Phuputso e ile ya hlophisa meralo e mmalwa e neng e sebedisitswe diphuputsong tse fetileng tsa dipuo e le ho manolla puo ya lekala la dibanka maemong a bohareng. Ho latela pono ya manollo ya lesedi, manollo ya boleng ba dikateng e entswe ka thuso ya software ya ATLAS.ti 8. Sampole ya phuputso e na le ditokomane tse kgethilweng ka boomo tse 76 tse hlahisitsweng ke ba amehang lefapheng la dibanka ho tloha qalong ya Koduwa ya Ditjhelete ho fihlela 2018. Phuputso ena e totobatsa bohlokwa ba puo kahare ho lefapha la dibanka Afrika Borwa le kaho ya se tlwaelehileng, se amohelehang le se lebelletsweng mabapi le ponaletso ya dibanka, le tlhophiso ya yona ka hona ho totobatsa ho kenella ha nalane le phedisano ho ponaletso ya dibanka. Manollo ya lesedi e hlwaya dikarolwana tse ka sehloohong tse ka hare ho puo ya banka: e nngwe e shebane le ponaletso ya boitshwaro ba mmaraka, ha e nngwe e bua ka bohlokwa ba ponaletso ya dibanka ho boloka botsitso tsamaisong ya ditjhelete. Diphetho di boetse di senola ditlhaloso tse ngata tsa ponaletso dibankeng tsa Afrika Borwa le ho lebisa tlhokomelo diketsahalong tsa nalane le tse amanang le puo tse bakang phetoho makaleng a ditsi. / Communication Science / D. Phil. (Communication)

No description available.

The thesis studies the determinants of trust in the European Central Bank by employing various indicators. The main objective has been to assess the most significant determinants of trust and to study the impact of the Great Crisis on trust in the European Central Bank. First, the socio-demographic and macroeconomic variables have been studied as the predictors and socio-demographic ones have been confirmed to be more significant. We have also extended the regressions by two new variables: monetary policy transparency index and financial stability transparency index. Whereas the monetary policy transparency index has not been significantly correlated with trust, it has been proved that the financial stability transparency index has positive impact on the trust in the European Central Bank. Secondly, we have employed the bias-reduced linearization procedure for computation of the standard errors in order to account for clustering and serial correlation problems. After comparison with the robust standard errors, we have concluded that the robust standard errors are not able to completely deal with the clusters and serial correlation in data. Thirdly, it has been proved that the trust in the European Central Bank decreases during the crisis occurrence.

Este trabalho analisa a criação da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública no Brasil, sob a lente da literatura de formação da agenda da área de políticas públicas. Com isso, buscou-se identificar quem foram os atores na arena política decisória e quais eram seus interesses na pauta do direito à informação. A partir das investigações realizadas por meio de documentos públicos e entrevistas, constatou-se uma particularidade interessante do caso brasileiro: o envolvimento ativo de um corpo burocrático, formado por funcionários do alto escalão da Controladoria Geral da União, que liderou esta agenda pelo Executivo. A tese colocada neste trabalho é a de que uma das motivações da CGU em propor esta agenda foi garantir a abertura de documentos públicos, a fim de obter acesso a documentos e informações fundamentais para o controle interno desempenhado pelo órgão. Nesta lógica, a Lei de Acesso à Informação, de certa forma, contribui para a burocracia controlar a própria burocracia. Este trabalho tem um recorte temporal bastante delimitado: o estudo parte de 2003, data da primeira proposição de projeto de lei para regulamentando o acesso à informação, pela Câmara dos Deputados, até a sanção do projeto de lei elaborado pelo Executivo, em 2011. Ao longo destes nove anos, houve disputas em torno do que seria o direito à informação pública, a quem serviriam tais informações e quem conduziria esta pauta na agenda governamental. Como veremos, o Executivo foi o ator com mais recursos e poder de influência no campo decisório / This Dissertation sought to analyse the passage of the Freedom of Information Law in Brazil, known as Access to Public Information Law, through the lens of agenda-setting literature in public policy. The aim of this study is to identify the players at the political arena and their role in designing and negotiating a bill that guarantees access to public information and to their interest in advocating for the right to information and for the public transparency. From the investigations carried out by analysing public documents and interviews, it was found an interesting feature of the Brazilian case: the active involvement of a bureaucratic body composed of senior officials of the Federal Comptroller General (CGU), who led this agenda by the Executive. The thesis of this research is that one of the main motivation of the CGU in this agenda was to ensure the opening of public documents in order to gain access to documents and to key information about the transfer of federal government resources and funds to states and municipalities for internal control purposes. The Brazilian Access to Public Information Law, somehow, allows the state bureaucracy to control bureaucracy itself. This work comprises a delimited period: it starts in 2003, when the first proposal of a bill to regulate access to information was presented at the Chamber of Deputies, by a member of the Parliament, until the sanction of the bill that was made by the Executive, in 2011. During these nine years, there were disputes over what should be the right to public information, to whom such information would be useful and for what purpose and who would lead this agenda. As we shall see, the Executive, represented by CGU was the actor with more resources and power to bargain in favour of this agenda at the decision-making arena

Kou Yat Fu Glory. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2005-2006, design report." / THESIS BACKGROUND / Background / Thesis Statement / THEORY AND LITERATURAL STUDY / THEORY AND PRECEDENTS STUDY / Thesis Issues / Chapter 1. --- Connection / Chapter 2. --- Void / Chapter 3. --- Solid Articulation / Chapter 4. --- Framing and Layering / Chapter 5. --- Building Envelope and Materiality / Chapter 6. --- Relative Lighting / SITE STUDY / Site Selection / Site Studies / Lighting Study / Existing Podium Study / PROGRAMMATIC STUDY / Wanchai / HK Art Centre / DESIGN INTERVENTION / Aerial Mapping / Design Analysis / Drawings- / plans / elevations and sections / perspectives / DESIGN PROCESS

[pt] Esta é uma pesquisa no campo da Comunicação no subcampo dos estudos de Internet e Transparência e tem como objetivo analisar se a comunicação via Facebook das prefeituras de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro ao longo do ano de 2017 abordou temas com potencial de levar à promoção de transparência pública. Este estudo adota uma metodologia qualitativa a partir do estabelecimento de categorias de análise do conteúdo das postagens. Ao fim, esta pesquisa verificou prevalência de conteúdo que tem o potencial de levar à promoção de transparência nas duas prefeituras. Em comum, as páginas do Facebook das duas prefeituras apresentaram um baixo investimento em postagens de Agenda, Conteúdo Fiscal e Responsividade e uma ênfase em Ações Governamentais e Serviços Públicos-sociais. Este trabalho também pretendeu contribuir para a lacuna de estudos a respeito da relação entre Comunicação Pública e Transparência e sobre o potencial de promoção de transparência pública para além de exigências legais. / [en] This is a research in the field of Communication in the subfield of studies of Internet and Transparency and aims to analyze if the communication via Facebook of prefectures of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro during the year 2017 addressed topics with potential to lead to the promotion of transparency. This study adopts a qualitative methodology based on the establishment of content categories of the posts. Finally, this research verified the prevalence of content that has the potential to lead to the promotion of transparency in both prefectures. In common, the Facebook pages of the two prefectures presented a low investment in postings of Agenda, Fiscal Content and Responsiveness and an emphasis on Government Actions and Public-Social Services. This paper also sought to contribute to the study gap regarding the relationship between Public Communication and Transparency and the potential of promoting public transparency beyond legal requirements.

Este trabalho analisa a criação da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública no Brasil, sob a lente da literatura de formação da agenda da área de políticas públicas. Com isso, buscou-se identificar quem foram os atores na arena política decisória e quais eram seus interesses na pauta do direito à informação. A partir das investigações realizadas por meio de documentos públicos e entrevistas, constatou-se uma particularidade interessante do caso brasileiro: o envolvimento ativo de um corpo burocrático, formado por funcionários do alto escalão da Controladoria Geral da União, que liderou esta agenda pelo Executivo. A tese colocada neste trabalho é a de que uma das motivações da CGU em propor esta agenda foi garantir a abertura de documentos públicos, a fim de obter acesso a documentos e informações fundamentais para o controle interno desempenhado pelo órgão. Nesta lógica, a Lei de Acesso à Informação, de certa forma, contribui para a burocracia controlar a própria burocracia. Este trabalho tem um recorte temporal bastante delimitado: o estudo parte de 2003, data da primeira proposição de projeto de lei para regulamentando o acesso à informação, pela Câmara dos Deputados, até a sanção do projeto de lei elaborado pelo Executivo, em 2011. Ao longo destes nove anos, houve disputas em torno do que seria o direito à informação pública, a quem serviriam tais informações e quem conduziria esta pauta na agenda governamental. Como veremos, o Executivo foi o ator com mais recursos e poder de influência no campo decisório / This Dissertation sought to analyse the passage of the Freedom of Information Law in Brazil, known as Access to Public Information Law, through the lens of agenda-setting literature in public policy. The aim of this study is to identify the players at the political arena and their role in designing and negotiating a bill that guarantees access to public information and to their interest in advocating for the right to information and for the public transparency. From the investigations carried out by analysing public documents and interviews, it was found an interesting feature of the Brazilian case: the active involvement of a bureaucratic body composed of senior officials of the Federal Comptroller General (CGU), who led this agenda by the Executive. The thesis of this research is that one of the main motivation of the CGU in this agenda was to ensure the opening of public documents in order to gain access to documents and to key information about the transfer of federal government resources and funds to states and municipalities for internal control purposes. The Brazilian Access to Public Information Law, somehow, allows the state bureaucracy to control bureaucracy itself. This work comprises a delimited period: it starts in 2003, when the first proposal of a bill to regulate access to information was presented at the Chamber of Deputies, by a member of the Parliament, until the sanction of the bill that was made by the Executive, in 2011. During these nine years, there were disputes over what should be the right to public information, to whom such information would be useful and for what purpose and who would lead this agenda. As we shall see, the Executive, represented by CGU was the actor with more resources and power to bargain in favour of this agenda at the decision-making arena

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T12:31:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianirodriguespaiva.pdf: 1708723 bytes, checksum: 6cb4ce038cd3c7ff8ca7f499d9facdb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:47:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianirodriguespaiva.pdf: 1708723 bytes, checksum: 6cb4ce038cd3c7ff8ca7f499d9facdb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:47:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianirodriguespaiva.pdf: 1708723 bytes, checksum: 6cb4ce038cd3c7ff8ca7f499d9facdb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos da transparência econômica e da clareza do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) sobre a volatilidade das taxas de juros de longo prazo. Para tal, incluiu-se a estrutura a termo da taxa de juros em um modelo novo-keynesiano de economia aberta e com governo. Os resultados dos modelos com clareza e com transparência do BCB enfatizam a queda da volatilidade destas taxas, uma vez que a autoridade monetária publicou informações sobre o futuro da taxa básica de juros. Além disso, nos modelos com clareza do BCB, os choques de política monetária têm efeitos mais suaves e duradouros sobre os juros futuros, o que indica dominância da ferramenta forward guidance (clareza do BCB) na determinação destas taxas. / This paper aims to study the effects of economic transparency and the clarity of the Central Bank of Brazil on the volatility of long - term interest rates. For this purpose, the term structure of the interest rate was included in a new-keynesian model of open economy and with government. The results of the models with clarity and transparent BCB emphasize the fall in the volatility of these rates, since the monetary authority published information on the future of the basic interest rate. Moreover, in models with clarity, monetary policy shocks have smoother and longer-term effects on future interest rates, indicating the dominance of the forward guidance (BCB’s clarity) tool in determining these rates.