Across the U.S., obesity and overweight represent a rapidly growing public health concern that have been associated with expensive and debilitating outcomes such as depression, cancers, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and significant disruption in quality of life, in addition to the tremendous public health costs. The current study examined a brief, randomized-controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with overweight and obese young adults. The results of this study hold important implications for future research in the utility of ACT to address overweight- and obesity-related lifestyle change. While the study was limited due to small sample size, it nevertheless suggested that weight-related psychological flexibility is an important construct to address and target in the treatment of overweight and obesity. It may be an effective means of decreasing emotional eating and improving a sense of control while eating. The findings support previous research supporting ACT as an empirically supported intervention for improving the quality of life of adults struggling with overweight and obesity. Results from this study are encouraging and support the utility of ACT, even in brief format, to possibly improve the lives of overweight and obese young adults. Study participants were randomly assigned to a 4-week experimental ACT group or an information control group, which received psychoeducational materials regarding lifestyle behaviors recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The results of the current study broadly showed that the experimental intervention was effective at improving weight-related psychological flexibility, which was also associated with reductions in emotionally avoidant eating and uncontrolled eating. In addition, the study showed relationships between improvements in psychological flexibility and eating process variables.

The relationship between milk intake and risk of osteoporotic fractures is uncertain. Associations between milk intake and milk avoidance in relation to osteoporotic hip fracture were examined in the Utah Study of Nutrition and Bone Health (USNBH), a statewide case-control study. Cases were ascertained at Utah hospitals treating 98 percent of hip fractures during 1997-2001 and included 1188 men and women aged 50-89 years. Age- and gender-matched controls were randomly selected from Utah driver's license and Medicare databases (N= 1324). In-person interviews were conducted and participants reported frequency of milk intake per week at age 18 and during pregnancy among women who reported being pregnant. Milk avoidance for a period of more than one year and duration of milk avoidance were also reported. Diet and supplement intake in the one-year period before fracture (cases) or the interview (controls) was assessed using a picture-sort food frequency questionnaire. Milk consumption frequency was categorized into four levels of intake at each life stage. Total calcium intake was categorized into quintiles of distribution of intake. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between milk intake and milk avoidance and risk of hip fracture while controlling for the potential confounding effects of gender, age, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, estrogen use, and total calorie, protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake. Recent milk intake, milk intake during pregnancy, and milk avoidance duration were not associated with risk of hip fracture. A borderline association was found at age 18 showing a decreased risk of hip fracture among those in the highest quartile (2: 15 cups of milk per week) of milk intake (odds ratio (OR): 0.86, 95 percent confidence interval (Cl): 0.75, 1.00; P = 0.046). Milk avoidance for a year or more was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture compared to those who did not avoid milk (OR: 1.38, 95 percent CI: 1.07, 1.78). A significant interaction was found between milk avoidance and quintile of total calcium intake (P = 0.02). Milk avoidance was associated with a significantly higher risk of hip fracture at the lowest two quintiles of calcium intake (OR: 1.72, 95 percent CI: 1.26, 2.17; P = 0.02 and OR: 1.58, 95 percent CI: 1.01, 2.15; P = 0.01, respectively) but was not associated with elevated risk among those with higher calcium intakes. In conclusion, milk intake during pregnancy for women, and in the year before hip fracture (for cases) or before interview (for controls), was not associated with hip fracture risk. The highest level of milk intake at age 18 was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture. Avoidance of milk for one year or more was associated with hip fracture risk, but only among those with low calcium intake (Q1 and Q2).

No description available.

Romantic, dyadic relationships arise, in part, from communication, disclosure, and boundaries. Information communication technology (ICT), such as smartphones, has rapidly integrated into our personal lives and affected relationship initiation, maintenance, and dissolution. To this point, models attempting to account for this emerging dynamic center on past theories about relationships. However, counselors and researchers would benefit from understanding contemporary couple dynamics that reflect the ICT-mediated changes to coupling that occurred during the last decade. To address this need, researchers conducted a grounded theory study to explore relationship dynamics, mediated by ICT, based on stories and descriptions provided by 16 participants. Findings showed technology influenced relationships in four domains: access, intimacy, boundaries, and presence.

No description available.

The object of the study is the personal maturity of students. The subject of the study is the psychological parameters of students' personal maturity. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, a list of literature (81 sources) and applications, including forms of applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis is 130 pages, on which are placed 1 figures and 22 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, the purpose and objectives of the research, the object and subject of the research, the main hypothesis are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified. The first chapter includes a description of the concept and approaches to the study of personality maturity and personal maturity in domestic and foreign literature; a description of the features of the period of early adulthood that are directly related to personal maturity; theoretical analysis of scientific research, revealing the psychological aspect of the phenomenon of personal maturity. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. As a result of using the results of the study, analysis and interpretation, the results of an empirical study were obtained. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward. / Объектом исследования является личностная зрелость студентов. Предметом исследования являются психологические параметры личностной зрелости студентов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (81 источник) и приложения. Объем магистерской диссертации 130 страниц, на которых размещены 1 рисунок и 22 таблицы. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включает в себя описание понятия и подходов к изучению зрелости личности и личностной зрелости в отечественной и зарубежной литературе; описание особенностей периода ранней взрослости имеющих непосредственное отношение к личностной зрелости; теоретический анализ научных исследований, раскрывающий психологический аспект феномена личностная зрелость. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание методик, использованных в проведенном исследовании, анализ и интерпретация полученных данных эмпирического исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам.

Myelin facilitates efficient neural signal transmission along axons. While predominantly present in white matter, myelin is also found in smaller amounts in the outermost layer of gray matter, known as the cortex, as well as deep subcortical structures. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) metrics, including longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), can report myelin levels in vivo, although these measures are often estimated and can vary depending on pulse sequences and acquisition parameters used to collect the data. Multi-site approaches can increase the statistical power and ecological validity of studies by recruiting participants from larger and more diverse samples, but considerable variability has previously been reported in qMRI estimates of myelin computed using data from different MRI scanners. Here, we assessed intra- and inter-vendor variability in R1 maps acquired at three sites using scanners from two manufacturers, General Electric (GE) and Siemens. Two ‘traveling heads’ scans, where a participant visits and completes a scan at each site, were acquired to directly assess site effects independent of biological variability. Histogram-based site-specific scaling factors determined from the ‘traveling heads’ scans were then applied to harmonize the main dataset. Before site correction, comparable inter- and intra-vendor differences were observed in both the main dataset and the ‘traveling heads’ scans. Our method of harmonization reduced the inter-site variability considerably, while remaining sensitive to age effects in R1. We then characterized age trajectories of R1 across the whole brain using linear regressions. In the age range of 16-36, age was significantly associated with mean R1s of bilateral putamen, left pallidum, and left amygdala, in line with past research. Cortical analyses also replicated earlier findings, with higher age associations in regions of the motor and lateral frontal cortices. The findings contribute to the growing research in multi-site harmonization, while providing normative estimates and trajectories of whole-brain R1s that can be referred to in future clinical studies. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Myelin is crucial for efficient signal transmission in nerve cells, and advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed us to indirectly estimate myelin levels in the brain. Collaborative multi-site investigations have become increasingly popular due to their ability to recruit larger and more diverse samples, making their findings more generalizable to the public. However, differences in scanner hardware and configurations across sites can introduce site-dependent biases to MRI scans. In this thesis, we found considerable inter-site variability in our whole-brain MRI-based estimate of myelin based on longitudinal relaxation rate (R1). We thus developed a method that can remove unwanted site-dependent differences from images by comparing repeated scans across sites. Using the corrected data, we showed how myelin amounts in different brain structures changes with age during early adulthood. Overall, we highlight the importance of carefully considering site-specific differences in multi-site MRI data and characterized how myelin changes with age in young adults.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of detection of the level of movement activity of students of primary school teaching on the ZU PF Plzeň. Movement activity and its benefits, effects of insufficient movement that result in various health problems or diseases and general recommendations of prevention of the sedentary way of life have been introduced in the theoretical background chapter. In the practical part the author has done a three weeks research of the movement level of students and has gained the numbers of steps. The pedometers Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 have been used for monitoring, measured values had been evaluated and elaborated. The body parameters, height, weight have been discovered and the BMI indexes have been calculated for the right determination of the level of movement.

Draugystė yra abipusis, savanoriškas ryšys, iš kurio nariai tikisi intymumo, draugijos ir jautrumo (Kenny, 1994). Draugystės kokybė yra pagrindinis elementas apibūdinantis draugystę ir jį lengva empiriškai įvertinti. M. J. Mendelson ir F.E. Aboud (1999) tai apibūdina kaip draugystės funkcijas, kurias turi atlikti draugas. Yra šešios draugystės funkcijos: įkvepianti draugija, pagalba, intymumas, patikima sąjunga, savęs patvirtinimas ir emocinis saugumas. Pastaraisiais metais išaugo susidomėjimas pozityviais psichologinio funkcionavimo aspektais, taip pat ir psichologine gerove. Viena iš naujausių psichologinės gerovės sampratų yra daugiaaspektis modelis, kurį sukūrė C. Ryff su kolegomis. Jie išskyrė šešis psichologinės gerovės aspektus: savęs priėmimas, teigiami santykiai su kitais, savarankiškumas, aplinkos valdymas, gyvenimo tikslas ir asmenybės augimas (Lindfors et. al., 2006a). Tarpasmeniniai santykiai daro įtaką suaugusiųjų psichologinei gerovei (Ryff, Heidrich, 1997), bet dar mažai žinoma, kaip ją veikia draugystės kokybė. Šio darbo tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti draugystės kokybės ir psichologinės gerovės ypatumus ankstyvame ir vidutiniame brandžiame amžiuje. Tyrime dalyvavo 128 ankstyvojo (amžiaus vidurkis 25,53 metų) ir vidutinio (amžiaus vidurkis 45,04 metų) brandaus amžiaus tiriamieji. Visi tiriamieji atsakė į klausimus apie save ir savo geriausią draugą/draugę, užpildė McGill draugystės klausimyną-draugo funkcijos, McGill draugystės klausimyną-respondento palankumas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Friendship is a mutual, voluntary relationship from which members expect intimacy, companionship, and responsiveness (Kenny, 1994). Friendship quality is considered as an essential element that describes friendship and it is easy to assess empirically. According to M. J. Mendelson and F.E. Aboud (1999) it is defined as friendship functions that the friend should to fulfill. There are six friendship functions: stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation and emotional security. In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the positive aspects of psychological functioning, including psychological well-being. A recent conceptualization of psychological well-being is the multidimensional model proposed by C. Ryff and coworkers. They distinguished six core dimensions of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth (Lindfors et. al., 2006a). Interpersonal relationships contribute to adult’s psychological well-being (Ryff, Heidrich, 1997), but yet little is known about how friendship quality affects the psychological well-being. The aim of the study presented in this work was to examine the different aspects of friendship quality and psychological well-being in early and middle adulthood. The sample consisted of 75 young adults (average age 25,53 years) and 53 middle age adults (average age 45,04 years). All respondents completed... [to full text]

Early adulthood is a period of peak bone mass formation, which is one of the basics in prevention of osteoporosis onset in older age. Milk and dairy products intake as a source of well-absorbed calcium is still very substantial at this age, as it was in the previous period of adolescence. However, it is also often a time of finding a person's own diet and a time of eliminating certain food groups from the diet, which is often due to succumbuing to widespread myths. Thus, milk is one of the most controversial foods for the public. The aim of the questionnaire research, which was part of the thesis, was to find out, how many young adults believe and succumb to these myths. Questions were asked about eating habits and respondents' views on the health benefits of milk. The survey shows that a significant percentage of them are misinformed by such myths and exclude milk from their diet, often for no reason. Although campaigns to promote milk consumption are still ongoing and have undoubtedly had a positive effect on public perception of the benefits of milk, it is certain that this activity needs to be continued and myths (not only) about milk still need to be debunked. keywords: milk, dairy products, early adulthood, myths, peak bone mass, calcium