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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Early null and overt subjects in the Spanish of simultaneous English-Spanish bilinguals and Crosslinguistic Influence

Villa-García, Julio, Suárez-Palma, Imanol January 2016 (has links)
This study assesses the scope of the Crosslinguistic Influence (CLI) hypothesis’ predictions with regard to early bilingual acquisition. To this end, we analyze longitudinal corpus data from four bilinguals attesting the acquisition of subjecthood (null versus overt; preverbal versus postverbal) and the pragmatic adequacy of early null and overt subjects in a null-subject language (i.e., Spanish) in combination with a language differing in its pro-drop parameter setting (i.e., English). Our results indicate that CLI barely affects the development of subjects in the null-subject language at the initial stages, namely at the outset of null and overt subjects, and in turn support the Separate Development Hypothesis. Our bilingual cohort patterns with their Spanish-acquiring monolingual peer in that both groups display comparable proportions of null subjects as well as acquisitional trajectories of null and overt subjects at the early stages of acquisition. Much like monolinguals, bilinguals begin to produce preverbal and postverbal subjects concurrently. The bilingual children and the monolingual child of this study actually produce extremely high rates of pragmatically appropriate covert and overt subjects, which are for the most part target-like from the start, thus pointing to the absence of CLI effects. In light of monolingual and bilingual data, the paper also revisits the hotly debated issue of the ‘no overt subject’ stage of Grinstead (1998, et seq.), its existence in child Spanish being questionable.
2

Le développement du langage oral chez l'enfant bilingue basque-français en contexte d'acquisition simultanée vs. successive des langues : étude de la maîtrise du cas ergatif en basque et du genre grammatical en français / The development of spoken language in simultaneous and successive basque-french bilingual children : a study of acquisition of ergative case in basque and grammatical gender in french

Duguine, Isabelle 02 April 2013 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse vise à examiner le développement du langage oral chez l’enfant bilingue en contexte de deux langues contrastées : le basque et le français. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’observer à travers un suivi longitudinal de trois ans, l’acquisition de deux structures linguistiques spécifiques à chaque langue : le cas ergatif en basque et le genre grammatical en français. La population étudiée est constituée de sept enfants bilingues basco-français et de quatre enfants monolingues âgés en moyenne de cinq ans lors de la première mesure. Le protocole d’expérience mis en place comprend huit tâches de production orale (trois en français et cinq en basque) ainsi qu’une épreuve de compréhension en basque. Premièrement, les résultats montrent des différences importantes entre les enfants en fonction de la nature de la structure linguistique à acquérir. Ce phénomène pourrait être en lien avec la complexité structurale qui induirait un traitement cognitif inégal de certaines structures –plus faciles à gérer- par rapport à d’autres. Par ailleurs, il semblerait que le type de bilinguisme précoce ait également un effet sur le rythme d’acquisition de la structure creusant un écart entre les enfants bilingues simultanés qui grandissent au contact de deux langues dès la naissance et les enfants bilingues successifs qui apprennent la langue seconde avec un décalage temporel par rapport à la première. Au final, cette recherche apporte des éléments de réflexion non seulement dans l’approche du bilinguisme précoce mais plus généralement dans le débat opposant l’universalité des processus acquisitionnels à l’impact éventuel des propriétés spécifiques des langues sur l’acquisition. / This dissertation examines the oral language development of bilingual children acquiring two distinct languages: basque and french. Building on a three-year long longitudinal study, this research focused on the acquisition of two linguistic structures that are specific to each language: the ergative case in basque and the grammatical gender in french. The study population is composed of seven basque-french bilingual children and four monolingual children who were on average five years old at the start of the study. The protocol included eight oral production tasks (three in french and five in basque), as well as a comprehension test in basque. First, results show important differences between children with respect to the nature of the linguistic structure being acquired. This observation may be related to structural complexity which induces an unequal cognitive treatment of certain language structures, some of which may be easier to comprehend than others. Moreover, it appears that the extent of a subject’s early bilingualism may also have an effect on the pace of their structural acquisition, which differentiates bilingual children who grow up in contact with both languages at birth from sequential bilingual children who learn the second language after learning the first. Finally, this research contributes not only to our understanding of early bilingualism but more generally to a debate which contrasts the processes of language acquisition as universal phenomena with a perspective that posits the importance of an individual language’s specific characteristics in its acquisition.
3

Parent and educator perceptions of early second language acquisition, bilingualism and maintenance of the first language in six early childhood settings

Pucinischi, Anita January 2008 (has links)
The study aims to contribute to a debate on the benefits of exposing children to early second language acquisition and maintenance of their mother tongue in early childhood settings. The study uses a qualitative interpretative approach, using a case-study method. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used, and data collected were thematically analyzed.
4

O uso e a omissão do sujeito pronominal de 1ª e 2ª pessoas em português brasileiro e em espanhol: subjetividade, jogo e gênero pedagógico / Uso y omisión del sujeto pronominal de 1a y 2a personas en portugués brasileño y en español: subjetividad, juego y género pedagógico

Bueno, Rafaela Giacomin [UNESP] 11 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rafaela Giacomin Bueno null (rafaelagbueno@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T20:26:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese vfinal repositório.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T20:39:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_rg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T20:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_rg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3715799 bytes, checksum: 7a8ba0b3d0ad15205b62276cfdd2ae8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre a questão da subjetividade infantil no uso e na omissão do sujeito pronominal de 1ª e 2ª pessoas no discurso oral de duas crianças brasileiras bilíngues falantes de PB e de espanhol e de seus respectivos interlocutores. Partimos de uma perspectiva dialógico-discursiva (DEL RÉ et al, 2014 a e b) que considera a criança como um sujeito que se constitui em seu discurso na relação com o outro, sendo os movimentos de sentido o resultado dos encadeamentos enunciativos. Postulamos que os sentidos atribuídos ao uso ou à omissão dos sujeitos pronominais nas situações de interação criança-interlocutor estão vinculados aos gêneros discursivos (BAKHTIN, 1997) e aos formatos (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981), que possibilitam a entrada da criança na e pela linguagem. A tendência ao uso do pronome sujeito, resultado de uma mudança linguística pela qual vem passando o português brasileiro (PB) tem, segundo alguns autores, distanciado essa língua das línguas de sujeito nulo, como o espanhol, cuja tendência é a omissão do pronome sujeito. Essa diferença entre o PB e o espanhol nos instiga a investigar como crianças bilíngues falantes dessas línguas fazem uso ou não dos pronomes sujeito, haja vista que a maior parte das perspectivas teóricas sobre o tema são diferentes da adotada no presente trabalho e não apresentam dados de crianças bilíngues PB/espanhol. Os corpora se constituem de dados orais de uma criança brasileira de 5 (cinco) anos de idade que adquire/aprende o espanhol em um colégio bilíngue PB-espanhol e de uma criança brasileira de 6 anos, filha de pai argentino e de mãe brasileira. Ambos os dados foram coletados a partir de atividades planejadas e propostas pelo interlocutor (observadora-participante) para estimular o uso do espanhol pelas crianças, língua menos frequente no seio familiar no momento em que foram gravadas. Os dados foram transcritos no programa CLAN, formato CHAT (MACWHINNEY, 2000) e analisados tendo como base categorias que foram (re)elaboradas após uma minuciosa observação dos dados. Essas análises foram realizadas inicialmente no Microsoft EXCEL, a partir da qual classificamos o uso e a omissão do sujeito pronominal segundo os tipos de situações de interação entre a criança e interlocutor, em um primeiro momento, para em seguida procedermos uma análise linguístico-discursiva mais abrangente. Os resultados evidenciam a importância dos formatos dos jogos e das brincadeiras que se integram a um gênero pedagógico – nas situações de interação lúdicas - para a entrada das crianças no espanhol. Mostra-nos, paralelamente às situações de diálogo espontâneo, que a relação que cada criança estabelece com o jogo que lhe é proposto se modifica ao longo das interações com a observadora-participante, permitindo-nos refletir sobre a subjetividade em constituição nessas crianças por meio das línguas das quais são falantes e, de modo mais amplo, possibilitam-nos igualmente ponderar sobre o processo de aquisição/aprendizagem do espanhol pelo qual passam. / This research aims to consider the issue of the subjectivity in in the subject pronouns of 1st and 2nd persons, taking into account their use and omission in the oral discourse of two Brazilian bilingual children and their interlocutors. We lead the research according to a dialogical and discursive point of view (DEL RÉ et al, 2014 a e b) in which the constitution of the child as a subject comes from the relationship with the other and the meanings are resulted from the sequencing of the utterances. We consider that the meanings of the use and omission of the subject pronouns in the situations of interaction child-interlocutor are linked to the speech genre (BAKHTIN, 1997) and the formats (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981) that enable the entrance of the child into and by the language. The tendency to use the subject pronoun which is the result of a linguistic change Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is going through, has, according to the experts, departed this language from to the other pro-drop languages, as Spanish, in which the tendency is the omission of the subject pronoun. This difference between BP and Spanish motivates us to investigate how bilingual children who speak these languages use or omit the subject pronouns since the majority of the theoretical perspectives about the topic are different from ours and do not display BP/Spanish bilingual children data. Our corpora is a compound of oral data of one Brazilian child aged five who acquires/learns Spanish in a BP-Spanish bilingual school and of one Brazilian bilingual child aged six, daughter of an Argentinian father and a Brazilian mother. Both data were collected through activities planned and executed by the interlocutor to foster the use of the Spanish language by the children, the non-dominant language in their home. The data were transcribed in the CLAN Program, CHAT format (MACWHINNEY, 2000) and were analyzed by a table of categories that was elaborated after a detailed data observation. These analyses were developed using the Microsoft EXCEL through which we classified the use and the omission of the subject pronoun according to the types of situations between the children and the interlocutor, in first place and, after, we proceeded to a broader linguistic and discursive analyses. The results show the importance of the game formats that are integrated to a pedagogical genre – in the situations of ludic interaction – to the entrance of the children in the Spanish language. They also show, parallel to the open conversations, that the relationship that each child establishes with the game that is proposed to him changes over the interactions with the observer. This allows us to consider the subjectivity in constitution in these children by the languages they speak and, in a broader sense, the acquisition/learning of Spanish process of them. / Esta investigación tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la cuestión de la subjetividad infantil en el uso y en la omisión del sujeto pronominal de 1ª y 2ª personas en el discurso oral de dos niños brasileños hablantes de portugués brasileño y de español, y de sus respectivos interlocutores. Partimos de una perspectiva dialógico-discursiva (DEL RÉ et al 2014 et al, 2014 a y b) en la que se considera al niño como un sujeto que se constituye en su discurso en la relación con el otro, siendo los movimientos de sentido el resultado de los encadenamientos enunciativos. Consideramos que los sentidos que se atribuyen al uso o a la omisión de los sujetos pronominales en las situaciones de interacción niño-interlocutor se vinculan a los géneros discursivos (BAJTÍN, 1997) y a los formatos (BRUNER, 1984, 1983, 1981), que posibilitan la entrada del niño en el y por el lenguaje. La tendencia al uso del pronombre sujeto, resultado de un cambio lingüístico por el cual está pasando el portugués brasileño (PB) ha alejado, según algunos autores, esa lengua de las lenguas de sujeto nulo, como el español, cuya tendencia es la omisión del pronombre sujeto. Esa diferencia entre el PB y el español nos instiga a investigar cómo los niños bilingües hablantes de esas dos lenguas emplean o no los pronombres sujeto, ya que la mayor parte de las perspectivas teóricas sobre el tema son distintas de la adoptada en la presente investigación y no incluyen datos de niños bilingües PB/español. Los corpora se constituyen de datos orales de un niño brasileño de 5 (cinco) años de edad que adquiere/aprende el español en un colegio bilingüe PB/español y de una niña brasileña de 6 (seis) años, hija de padre argentino y de madre brasileña. Los datos han sido colectados a partir de actividades planificadas y propuestas por el interlocutor (observadoraparticipante) para estimular el uso del español por los niños, lengua menos presente en el seno familiar en el momento en que han sido grabados. Los datos han sido transcritos en el programa CLAN, formato CHAT (MACWHINNEY, 2000) y analizados a través de una base de categorías (re)elaboradas tras una minuciosa observación de los datos. Los análisis fueron realizados inicialmente en Microsoft EXCEL, a partir del cual clasificamos el uso y la omisión del sujeto pronominal según los tipos de situaciones de interacción entre el niño y el interlocutor, en un primer momento, para, en seguida, el desarrollo de un análisis lingüísticodiscursivo más amplio. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los formatos de los juegos que se integran a un género pedagógico – en las situaciones de interacción lúdica – para la entrada de los niños en el español. Nos muestra, paralelamente a las situaciones de diálogo espontáneo, que la relación que cada niño establece con el juego que se le propone cambia a lo largo de las interacciones con la observadora-participante, lo que nos permite reflexionar sobre la subjetividad en constitución en esos niños a través de las lenguas que hablan y, de modo más amplio, nos permiten igualmente ponderar el proceso de adquisición/aprendizaje del español por el que pasan. / CNPq: 141542/2013-6
5

Developmental changes in vowel perception: how input interplays with initial perceptual biases

Albareda Castellot, Bàrbara 01 June 2010 (has links)
The present dissertation aims at analyzing the interplay between initial acoustic biases and language exposure during acquisition of language in the first year of life. This is a critical period in development because it is when phonetic categories are attuned to the native language. This goal is addressed by integrating the results from two developmental studies. The first study explores the presence of asymmetries in vowel perception in infants from 4 to 12 months of age, as a function of the acoustic salience and distributional properties in the test language. The second study investigates the previous contrasting results on vowel perception in 8-month-old infants growing in bilingual environments, and in particular and their relationship with task demands and the properties of the bilingual input. The results emerging from these studies point to two developmental trends. On one hand, asymmetries in vowel perception are modulated by acoustic biases before and during perceptual reorganization, and by distributional cues after perceptual reorganization. On the other hand, discrimination abilities of 8-month-old bilinguals parallel those of monolinguals when tested with an Anticipatory Eye Movement procedure, highlighting the importance of task demands in determining infants' performance. / L'objectiu d'aquesta tesis és analitzar la dinàmica que s'estableix entre els biaixos acústics i l'experiència amb el llenguatge durant el primer any de vida. Aquest és un període decisiu durant el qual les categories fonètiques s'ajusten a les propietats de la llengua materna. Aquest objectiu s'assoleix integrant els resultats de dos estudis. En el primer estudi s'explora la presència d'asimetries en la percepció de les vocals en bebès de 4 a 12 mesos d'edat, en funció de la saliència acústica i les propietats distribucionals de la llengua. El segon estudi investiga els resultats contradictoris obtinguts amb bebès de 8 mesos d'edat bilingües, i la seva relació amb les demandes de la tasca i les propietats de l'input bilingüe. Els resultats d'aquests estudis indiquen dos tendències al desenvolupament. Per una banda, que les asimetries en la percepció de les vocals són modulades per biaixos acústics abans i durant la reorganització perceptiva i per les propietats distribucionals després de la reorganització perceptiva; per l'altra banda, els resultats mostren que les habilitats de discriminació dels bilingües de 8 mesos d'edat són corresponents a les dels monolingües quan es fa servir un procediment d'anticipació de la mirada, posant en rellevància la importància de les demandes de la tasca en determinar el rendiment dels bebès.

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