Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_bc_me_rcla.pdf: 1007216 bytes, checksum: 83d2499777113b28b5bb283713ed31eb (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil vem experimentando profundas transformações em seu padrão demográfico. Dentre estas alterações, destaca-se o aumento da participação dos idosos no total da população. Este fenômeno, conhecido como envelhecimento populacional, decorre principalmente da queda das taxas de fecundidade e mortalidade e, do aumento da longevidade. Diferentemente dos países industrializados, o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro surpreende por sua rapidez e, pela multiplicidade de questões que suscita. As particularidades do segmento idoso (declínio das funções sociais, econômicas, psico-biológicas), combinadas aos problemas socioeconômicos brasileiros (má distribuição de renda, desemprego, previdência social e sistema de saúde deficitários), representam desafios a serem enfrentados pelo poder público, sociedade, família e pelo próprio indivíduo. Dentre estes desafios, aqueles relacionados à micro-escala adquirem importância. Em primeiro lugar, porque o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro é espacialmente diferenciado, alguns espaços encontram-se em estágio mais avançado. Em segundo, porque os idosos vivem, convivem e demandam, predominantemente, em escala local. Esta pesquisa contemplou empiricamente o estudo do processo em um espaço local. Como o município paulista de Assis, tem registrado um envelhecimento populacional mais acentuado que o verificado no Estado de São Paulo e no Brasil, converte-se em um interessante objeto de estudo da problemática. / In the last decades, Brazil has been experiencing deep changes in its demographic pattern. Among these changes the increase of the proportion of elderly people in the population stands out. This phenomenon, known as aging population, occurs mainly due to the decline of fertility and mortality rates and the rise of life expectancy. Unlike the industrialized countries, the Brazilian aging population, surprises because of its speed and because of the multiple questions that involves it. The specific characteristics of elderly people (decline of social, economic and psycho-biological functions) combined with the Brazilian socio-economic problem (bad income distribution, unemployment, inefficient social and health care), represent challenges to be faced by the public sector, society, family and by the people themselves. Between these challenges, those related to the micro-scale, or local scale, acquire importance. First because the Brazilian aging population is spatially different, some spaces present higher levels of the process. Second, because elderly people live, relate and demand, largely, in micro-scale. Therefore, the empirical purpose of this study was to investigate the aging population of a local space. Assis city, where the process reaches higher levels than in the State of São Paulo and Brazil, becomes an interesting object of study of the problem involving the local govern, society and elderly people.

L’objectif principal de la présente thèse est d’investiguer sur l’insertion sociale des personnes âgées dans les politiques publiques menées par l’État brésilien, dans les actions sociales réalisées par l’Église catholique, surtout dans les actions développées par les bénévoles de le Pastorale de la Personne Âgée à João Pessoa, capitale de l’Etat de Paraíba, située dans le nord-est du Brésil. Pour cela, nous avons opté pour une recherche empirique de nature qualitative. Nous avons utilisé comme instruments méthodologiques l’observation participante et l’entretien semi-directif. Deux catégories d’acteurs sociaux ont participé de la présente recherche : 20 personnes âgées qui participent à des activités du Centre de Productions Artistiques – Culturelles de la Personne Âgée, de João Pessoa; et 20 bénévoles de la Pastorale de la Personne Âgée de l’Archidiocèse de Paraíba. Les observations ont été réalisées entre les mois de septembre 2009 et février 2010. Les registres d’observations participantes ont été constitués à travers des réunions, des ateliers, des évènements culturels et loisirs dans le mentionné Centre de Production Artistique-Culturelle de la Personne Âgée et aussi aux moyens d’événements culturels et loisirs du Centre Social de Paroisse Notre Dame de la Conception à João Pessoa (Brésil). L’analyse menée dans le cadre de notre recherche se base sur des fondements théoriques dans le domaine de la sociologie, ainsi que dans les textes de lois brésiliennes et d’autres documents officiels concernant à l’insertion sociale des personnes âgées liées à l’Église catholique au Brésil. [etc.] / The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the social inclusion of elderly people within the public policies offered by the Brazilian government and the actions taken by the Catholic Church through the Pastoral of Elderly People in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil. For this, we chose a qualitative empirical research. We used as methodological tools, partici-pant observation and semi-direct interview. Two categories of social actors participated in this research: 20 seniors, who participate in the activities of the Center for Artistic Productions - cultural elderly in the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, northeast of Brazil and 20 volun-teers from the Pastoral of Elderly People, in the Archdiocese of Paraíba . Observations were carried out between September 2009 and February 2010. Records of participatory observa-tions were made through meetings, workshops, cultural events and leisure center in Cultural-Artistic Production of the elderly and the pastoral center of the Immaculate Conception Parish in Joao Pessoa, Brazil. The analysis of our research is based on theoretical foundations in so-ciology, as well as texts of Brazilian laws and other official documents relating to social in-clusion. Results indicated that: the State, the Catholic Church and other institutions working with the elderly in Brazil must find new ways to support families, so they can stay in the family, allowing them to enjoy a pleasant place; the health of the elderly is poor, where the Brazilian SUS (Unified Health System) does not offer a quality service for the elderly; Brazil-ian public policies, designed to the elderly, in a theoretical point of view, are well structured, but in practice, do not favor the elderly; the pensions paid to the elderly, by the Brazilian state, does not guarantee their well-being and social; volunteers involved in the Pastoral of Elderly people , in the Catholic Church, are motivated by the pleasure of serving others. At the end of our investigation, we believe that Brazil is a country that has laws which are recog-nized around the world, but those, in practice, are not met. The social actions, developed by the Pastoral of Elderly People, of the Catholic Church in Brazil, help the social inclusion of elderly people in the society.

Orientador: Odeibler Santo Guidugli / Banca: João Francisco de Abreu / Banca: Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães / Título da capa: Envelhecimento populacional : desafios de uma nova conjuntura demográfica para o município de Assis - SP / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil vem experimentando profundas transformações em seu padrão demográfico. Dentre estas alterações, destaca-se o aumento da participação dos idosos no total da população. Este fenômeno, conhecido como envelhecimento populacional, decorre principalmente da queda das taxas de fecundidade e mortalidade e, do aumento da longevidade. Diferentemente dos países industrializados, o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro surpreende por sua rapidez e, pela multiplicidade de questões que suscita. As particularidades do segmento idoso (declínio das funções sociais, econômicas, psico-biológicas), combinadas aos problemas socioeconômicos brasileiros (má distribuição de renda, desemprego, previdência social e sistema de saúde deficitários), representam desafios a serem enfrentados pelo poder público, sociedade, família e pelo próprio indivíduo. Dentre estes desafios, aqueles relacionados à micro-escala adquirem importância. Em primeiro lugar, porque o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro é espacialmente diferenciado, alguns espaços encontram-se em estágio mais avançado. Em segundo, porque os idosos vivem, convivem e demandam, predominantemente, em escala local. Esta pesquisa contemplou empiricamente o estudo do processo em um espaço local. Como o município paulista de Assis, tem registrado um envelhecimento populacional mais acentuado que o verificado no Estado de São Paulo e no Brasil, converte-se em um interessante objeto de estudo da problemática. / Abstract: In the last decades, Brazil has been experiencing deep changes in its demographic pattern. Among these changes the increase of the proportion of elderly people in the population stands out. This phenomenon, known as aging population, occurs mainly due to the decline of fertility and mortality rates and the rise of life expectancy. Unlike the industrialized countries, the Brazilian aging population, surprises because of its speed and because of the multiple questions that involves it. The specific characteristics of elderly people (decline of social, economic and psycho-biological functions) combined with the Brazilian socio-economic problem (bad income distribution, unemployment, inefficient social and health care), represent challenges to be faced by the public sector, society, family and by the people themselves. Between these challenges, those related to the micro-scale, or local scale, acquire importance. First because the Brazilian aging population is spatially different, some spaces present higher levels of the process. Second, because elderly people live, relate and demand, largely, in micro-scale. Therefore, the empirical purpose of this study was to investigate the aging population of a local space. Assis city, where the process reaches higher levels than in the State of São Paulo and Brazil, becomes an interesting object of study of the problem involving the local govern, society and elderly people. / Mestre

Bakgrund: Ensamhet är ett växande problem i samhället och särskilt bland den äldrebefolkningen. Ensamhet symboliseras som en upplevelse och kan vara ett frivilligt eller ofrivilligt val. Tidigare forskning har visat att ofrivillig ensamhet kan medföra negativa hälsoeffekter. Syfte: Att beskriva äldres upplevelser av ensamhet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Resultatet baseras på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna söktes i databasen Medline via PubMed.Huvudresultat: De äldre beskrev upplevelsen av ensamhet ur olika perspektiv.Ensamheten beskrevs främst som något negativt, men det framkom även positivaupplevelser. De äldre skildrade de negativa upplevelserna som smärtsamma samt isolerande medan de positiva upplevelserna förknippades med frihet och beskrevs som ett frivilligt val. Slutsats En del äldre tycker att ensamheten är något av det värsta som finns, medan vissa inte påverkas av det eller till och med ser det som något positivt. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att uppmärksamma och minska de negativa upplevelserna som de äldre kan känna. Genom att stödja den äldre i dennes livsvärldkan sjuksköterskan lindra lidande och bidra till bibehållen hälsa och därmed minska möjliga negativa hälsoeffekter av den upplevda ensamheten. / Background: Loneliness is a growing problem in society and especially among the elderly population. Loneliness is symbolized as an experience and can be a voluntary orinvoluntary choice. Previous research has shown that involuntary loneliness can have negative health effects. Aim: To describe elderly peoples experiences of loneliness.Method: A literature study with descriptive design. The results are based on 12scientific articles with a qualitative approach. The articles were searched in the Medline database via PubMed. Main Result: The elderly descibed the experience of lonelinessfrom different perspectives. Loneliness was mainly described as something negative, but there were also positive experiences. The elderly portrayed the negative experiences as painful and isolating while the positive experiences were partly associated withfreedom. Conclusion: Some elderly think that loneliness is one of the worst things there is, while some don´t suffer from it at all or even see it as something positive. The nurse has an important role in paying attention to and reducing the negative experiences that the elderly may feel. By supporting the elderly in their life situation, the nurse can relieve suffering and contribute to the elderly`s maintained health and thereby reduce possible negative health effects caused by the perceived loneliness.

Bakgrund: Fram till år 2050 förväntas den globala befolkningen över 60 år fördubblas och antalet personer över 80 år förväntas tredubblas. FN lanserade ett program för hälsosamt åldrande (2021–2030) för att minska hälsoklyftor och förbättra äldre personers livskvalitet. Äldre personer vill i ökande grad åldras i sina hem och hemmet representerar en viktig aspekt av deras trygghet och frihet. I hemmiljön blir husdjur allt vanligare, speciellt hundar och katter. Sjuksköterskor spelar en viktig roll inom hemsjukvården för att förstå husdjurs betydelse och erbjuda högkvalitativ personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Var att beskriva husdjurs betydelse för hälsan hos äldre personer som bor hemma. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Sökningen utfördes i databaser som Cinahl Complete och PubMed. Fribergs analysmodell används. Resultat: Visade att äldre personers hälsa påverkades positivt av husdjur. Till exempel kan ägandet av husdjur öka den fysiska aktiviteten och förbättra ägarens hälsobeteende, stärka självkänslan, ge kärlek och tröst, samt öka sociala kontakter och minska social isolering och ensamhet. I studien förekommer en del utmaningar och risker förknippade med husdjurägande, som bland annat oro över ekonomiska kostnader, bekymmer för husdjurets framtid om ägaren inte kan ta hand om de, fallrisk samt att skaffa en anpassad boendemiljö för både ägaren och husdjuret. Slutsats: Husdjur kan ha en positiv påverkan på äldre personers hälsa och välbefinnande. Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskan att ta hänsyn till denna kunskap och använda den i sitt arbete för att främja äldre personers hälsa samt förebygga ohälsa genom husdjursrelaterade aktiviteter och insatser. / Background: Until 2050, the global population over 60 years old is expected to double, and the number of people over 80 years old is expected to triple. The UN launched a program for healthy aging (2021–2030) to reduce health disparities and improve the quality of life for older people. Older individuals increasingly want to age in their own homes, as home represents an important aspect of their security and freedom. Pets, especially dogs and cats, are becoming more common in the home environment. Nurses play a crucial role in home healthcare by understanding the significance of pets and providing high-quality person-centered care. Aim: The purpose was to describe the significance of pets for the health of elderly people living at home. Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles. The search was conducted in databases such as Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Friberg's analytical model was utilize. Results: The results showed that the health of elderly people was positively influenced by pets. For example, owning a pet can increase physical activity and improve health behaviors, boost self-esteem, provide love and comfort, as well as increase social interactions, and reduce social isolation and loneliness. The study also mentioned some challenges and risks associated with pet ownership, such as concerns about financial costs, worries about the pet's future if the owner is unable to care for them, the risk of falls, and the need för an adapted living environment for both the owner and the pet.     Conclusions: Pets can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of elderly people. It is important for nurses to consider this knowledge and utilize it in their work to promote the health of elderly people and prevent illness through pet-related activities and interventions.

Advances in communication technology have led to the growth of what is called Ambient Intelligence (AmI). AmI refers to an environment which is intelligent and has advanced computing, networking technology and specific interfaces. It is aware of the specific characteristics of human presence and personalities, takes care of what people need and is capable of responding intelligently according to different activities, and even can engage in intelligent dialogue with the user. Variability of location and system behavior is a central issue in AmI, where behavior of software has to change and re-adapt to the different location settings. AmI refers to an environment that acts on behalf of humans. It is sensitive, contextualized, responsive, interconnected, transparent, and intelligent. This environment is coupled with ubiquity of computing devices that enables it to react differently according to different actions, and even to take the initiative towards fulfilling human needs. Security, privacy, and trust challenges are amplified with AmI computing model and need to be carefully engineered. From software engineering perspective, the shift towards AmI can be seen abstractly similar to the shift from object paradigm towards agent one. Objects provide functionality to be exploited, while agents possess functionality and know how and when to use and offer it autonomously. Agent paradigm is suitable for implementing AmI considering AmI as an open complex system. Moreover, developers argue that agent paradigm is useful for engineering all aspects of such intelligent systems. These days, the large diversity of needs in a home-based patient population requires complex technology. Meeting those needs technically requires the use of a distributed approach and the combination of many hardware and software techniques. Furthermore, this service should be accepted in all scales and should be sufficient enough to meet all the requirements. In this thesis, I study the factors which can affect the acceptance of AmI especially when it is used to support elderly people and people with dementia, and I give suggestions which can improve the acceptance of this technology. / <p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

No / PURPOSE. To determine the influence of refractive blur on postural stability during somatosensory and vestibular system perturbation and dual tasking. METHODS. Fifteen healthy, elderly subjects (mean age, 71 ± 5 years), who had no history of falls and had normal vision, were recruited. Postural stability during standing was assessed using a force platform, and was determined as the root mean square (RMS) of the center of pressure (COP) signal in the anterior-posterior (A-P) and medial-lateral directions collected over a 30-second period. Data were collected under normal standing conditions and with somatosensory and vestibular system perturbations. Measurements were repeated with an additional physical and/or cognitive task. Postural stability was measured under conditions of binocular refractive blur of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 D and with eyes closed. The data were analyzed with a population-averaged linear model. RESULTS. The greatest increases in postural instability were due to disruptions of the somatosensory and vestibular systems. Increasing refractive blur caused increasing postural instability, and its effect was greater when the input from the other sensory systems was disrupted. Performing an additional cognitive and physical task increased A-P RMS COP further. All these detrimental effects on postural stability were cumulative. CONCLUSIONS. The findings highlight the multifactorial nature of postural stability and indicate why the elderly, many of whom have poor vision and musculoskeletal and central nervous system degeneration, are at greater risk of falling. The findings also highlight that standing instability in both normal and perturbed conditions was significantly increased with refractive blur. Correcting visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error could be a useful intervention strategy to help prevent falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly.

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