Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-09T14:23:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleisson Rodrigues Santana - 2014.pdf: 8324640 bytes, checksum: 7800065ef09bc6ed1b331e277537350b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-20T11:23:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleisson Rodrigues Santana - 2014.pdf: 8324640 bytes, checksum: 7800065ef09bc6ed1b331e277537350b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T11:23:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleisson Rodrigues Santana - 2014.pdf: 8324640 bytes, checksum: 7800065ef09bc6ed1b331e277537350b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is focused on demonstrating, using geometric tools, the Steiner's Ellipse theorem which says that all ellipses entered in a given triangle, the larger area is touching the triangle sides in their respective middle points. For this we did, in chapter one, an approach to the study of triangles, the ellipses, the orthogonal projection, and we present some results of arithmetic and geometry, this work titled as preliminary lemmas, to be the tools (prerequisites) for proof the theorem that the main is made in chapter two. We conclude by presenting, in chapter three, some applications and some scripts for lessons in how to use the ellipse, and in particular Steiner's Ellipse, day-to-day and in the classroom. / Este trabalho tem como tema central demonstrar, usando ferramentas geométricas, o teorema da Elipse de Steiner que diz que de todas as elipses inscritas em um triângulo dado, a de maior área é a que toca os lados do triângulo nos seus respectivos pontos médios. Para isto zemos, no Capítulo um, uma abordagem sobre o estudo dos triângulos, da elispse, e da projeção ortogonal, e apresentamos alguns resultados de aritmética e geometria, neste trabalho intitulados como lemas preliminares, para serem as ferramentas (os pré-requisitos) para a demonstração do teorema principal, que é feita no Capítulo dois. Concluímos o trabalho apresentando, no Capítulo três, algumas aplicações e alguns roteiros de aulas, de como utilizar a elipse, e em particular a Elipse de Steiner, no dia-a-dia e na sala de aula.

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com adolescentes. O objetivo foi compreender as estratégias de coesão referencial e as características da fé sintético-convencional nas cartas produzidas na escola. A partir da produção textual de alunos e alunas, a pesquisa revelou que as anáforas pronominais e as elipses foram os recursos de coesão referencial que mais atuaram como elementos linguísticos colaboradores na construção da tessitura textual. No que se refere à fé do/da adolescente, constatou-se com esta pesquisa que de fato eles e elas estão vivendo o estágio 3 da fé, ou seja, a fé sintético-convencional postulada por James Fowler; posto que em todos as cartas produzidas se pode identificar as presenças de pelo menos quatro das cinco características apresentas pelo referido autor como representativas deste estágio da fé característico dos adolescentes. A saber: na adolescência a imagem de Deus torna-se mais pessoal, mais próxima; a identidade dos/das jovens adolescentes é moldada pelos grupos que pertencem (família e comunidade religiosa), adolescentes possuem em si um modelo de fé, herdado da família, dos grupos nos quais estão inseridos, ou seja, é uma fé não analisada; e, a expectativa, nesta fase da vida, está centrada na autoridade externa. A pesquisa revelou, ainda, que os/as adolescentes utilizam a fé que possuem como estratégias de coesão de vida. Sendo assim, eles/elas encontram na fé a esperança e a coragem para vencer desafios, empreendem batalhas para traçarem objetivos e metas confiando sempre na existência do Transcendente, neste caso, representado nos pelas figuras de Deus e/ou de Jesus Cristo, que os impulsionam, sobretudo, a acreditarem no poder da fé a viver de acordo com o que professam. / This work presents the results of a field research carried out with adolescents. The goal was to comprehend the strategies of referential cohesion and the characteristics of the conventional-synthetic faith in letters produced in the school. Based on the textual production of students the research revealed that the pronominal anaphoras and the ellipses were the resources of referential cohesion which were most used as collaborating linguistic elements in the construction of the textual fabric. With regard to the faith of the adolescent, it was observed with this research that, in fact, they are living stage 3 of the faith, that is, the conventional-synthetic faith postulated by James Fowler; being as one can identify in all the letters produced the presence of at least four of the five characteristics presented by the referred author as representative of this stage of the faith characteristic of adolescents. That is: in adolescence the image of God becomes more personal, more intimate; the identity of the adolescent youth is molded by the groups to which they belong (family and religious community). Adolescents have within them a model of faith, inherited from the family, from the groups in which they are involved, in other words, it is a non-analyzed faith and the expectation, in this phase of life, is centered on the external authority. The research also revealed that the adolescents use the faith they have as strategies for life cohesion. Thus they find in the faith the hope and courage to overcome challenges, undertake struggles to draw objectives and goals always trusting in the existence of the Transcendent, in this case, represented by the figures of God and/or Jesus Christ, who drives them, above all, to believe in the power of the faith and to live according to what they profess.

Les poèmes de Guillevic constituent des tentatives sans cesse réitérées de dire l’ineffable du monde, de le nommer et d’apprivoiser un monde vécu comme une menace. Ces poèmes présentent donc l’actualisation des verbes être et avoir dans des énoncés définitoires, des tours présentatifs et des structures clivées, à une très haute fréquence. Par ailleurs, ces énoncés s’écartent régulièrement de la norme syntaxique. Cette thèse se propose de fonder un travail d’analyse stylistique à partir de l’étude syntaxique et sémantique des verbes être et avoir en prenant pour unité d’analyse le texte – c’est-à-dire en considérant ces verbes comme ne prenant tout leur sens que dans leurs rapports avec l’ensemble du poème où ils s’insèrent – pour mettre en évidence le désir qu’a le poète de lutter contre l’instabilité et la fragilité d’un univers, sans cesse sous la menace d’un délitement, en lui donnant substance. Nous montrerons également que la poétique guillevicienne est une poétique du fragment : se caractérisant par ses lacunes, ses trouées, cette écriture est apte à dire un univers en miettes, sous le signe de la déchirure et de l’isolement. Mais elle est plus précisément le lieu d’une tension entre fragmentation et cohésion : l’écriture chez le poète est fondamentalement poiein et a une fonction réparatrice : il s’agit de retisser des liens entre les hommes et le monde et d’apprendre à vivre ensemble. Poésie à dimension éthique, elle s’efforce de définir un nouvel ordre, en abolissant les hiérarchies dans et par le langage : les constituants du réel et mots dans la phrase ont tous une même importance. Enfin, définir êtres et choses permet au poète de construire un projet ontologique : d’une part, être, c’est mener une inlassable enquête pour comprendre (au propre comme au figuré) le monde, d’autre part, la réalité étant maîtrisée, être, c’est vivre dans la plénitude de l’instant. / Guillevic’s poems are endlessly-repeated attempts to tell the ineffable in the world, to name it and to tame reality which is felt as a threat. These poems very often include the verbs "être" and "avoir" in definitional phrases, in turns of phrases which indicate something exists, in cleft sentences. Let it be noted that these sentences quite regularly break with commonly accepted grammatical rules. In this thesis, we intend to make a stylistic analysis which will rely on the syntactic and semantic study of the verbs "être" and "avoir". This study will use the text as a unit for analysis which implies that we consider that these verbs are meaningful only in so far as they connect with the whole poem they are part of. Our purpose is to bring to light the poet’s desire of giving substance to a world which is under constant threat of crumbling down, and fighting against its instability and frailty. We’ll also show that Guillevic’s poetics is a poetics of fragments. This writing features gaps, loopholes, elliptic phrases, and is well-suited to tell about a world which is falling apart, a lonely and fractured world. But it is more precisely the seat of a tension between splitting up and cohesion : for the poet, writing is fundamentally "poiein " and has got a repairing function. It consists in weaving again bonds between human beings and the world and in learning to live together. This poetics with an ethical dimension tries to define a new order, abolishing hierarchies in and through language : all the constituents of reality and the words in the sentence share the same importance. At last, defining living beings and things allows the poet to build an ontological project : on the one hand, being is leading an unremitting investigation to understand the world, on the other hand, and so far as reality is under control, being is living in the fulfilment of the instant.

This study focuses on multi-jet impingement for gas turbine geometries in which the objective is to understand the influence of the roughness elements on a target surface to the heat transfer. Current work has proven that implementing roughness elements for multi-jet impingement target surfaces has increased heat transfer ranging anywhere from 10-30%. This study has chosen to investigate three different roughness elements, elliptical in cross-section, to compare to smooth surface geometries for multi-jet impingement. An experimental was taken for this study to extend the current knowledge of multi-jet impingement geometries and to further understand the heat transfer performance. A temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technique was used to measure the heat transfer on the target surface, in which the local temperature was measured to estimate area averaged heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and row averaged HTC. In order stay consistent with literature, non-dimensional parameters were used for geometry locations and boundaries. For this study, the Reynolds number range, based on jet diameter and mass flux, is 10-15k. The X/D (streamwise direction), Y/D (spanwise direction), Z/D (channel height direction), L/D (thickness of the jet plate) constraints for this study are 5, 6, 3, and 1 respectively. From the local heat transfer distributions of the different roughness elements, it is concluded that the inclusion of these elements increases heat transfer by 2-12% as compared to a flat/smooth target plate. It is therefore recommended from this study, that elements, elliptical in shape, provide favorability in heat transfer for gas turbine configurations.

Durant ma thèse j'ai exploré les liens morphologiques et physiques entre les phases poussière et stellaire des galaxies spirales proches.J'ai travaillé sur 46 galaxies de l'échantillon KINGFISH à l'aide des données IRAC/MIPS/PACS/SPIRE (de 3.6 à 500 microns).Un biais usuel dans la mesure de l'orientation des galaxies spirales est dû à l'utilisation d'une seule isophote. Pour supprimer ce biais j'ai extrait de nombreuses isophotes des cartes galactiques, j'ai créé un critère pour quantifier la similitude des forme des isophotes. J'ai extrait des zones dans chaque carte où les formes des isophotes se ressemblent. Dans de nombreuses cartes les formes des isophotes sont cohérentes avec l'idée d'un disque sous-jacent et ce malgré des variations de formes des isophotes qui peuvent ponctuellement être notable. De là j'ai obtenu pour chaque galaxie une orientation du disque par carte. En comparant les formes obtenues pour chaque galaxie dans différentes cartes j'ai selectionné 20 galaxies sur 46 dans lesquelles l'accord en terme d'orientation du disque entre les différentes cartes était acceptable. Dans ces galaxies les zones associées au disque galactique ont une taille typique allant jusqu'à 1/3 du rayon galactique visible (R25) que ce soit pour la phase poussière aussi bien que pour la phase stellaire. Ces 20 galaxies sont moins lumineuses dans le visible, moins lumineuses dans l'IR, moins barrées, et de type plus tardifs que la moyenne. Pour ces 20 galaxies, les orientations obtenues par ma méthode sont plus proches des orientations obtenues à partir d'études cinématiques H-alpha que de celles obtenues par une autre étude photometrique utilisant une seule isophote (RC3).A partir des orientations obtenues par ma méthode et par l'étude cinématique H-alpha j'ai moyenné azimuthalement les brillances de surface pour obtenir des profiles radiaux de distribution spectrales d'énergie. Après avoir ajusté dessus un modèle d'émission de la poussière cosmique (Galliano 2011), j'ai trouvé que la densité surfacique d'énergie interceptée par la poussière était proportionnelle au produit de la masse totale de poussière sur la ligne de visée par le champ de radiation interstellaire moyen ressenti par la poussière sur la ligne de visée. Cette densité d'énergie interceptée par la poussière est mieux corrélé à la luminosité bolométrique stellaire totale que la densité surfacique en masse de poussière ou le champ de radiation ressenti par la poussière. Il est donc probable que les étoiles agées à tout le moins soit une importante source de chauffage pour la poussière cosmique. L'énergie interceptée par la poussière est aussi très bien corrélée avec l'énergie totale émise dans l'infrarouge. J'ai également trouvé que la poussière semble intercepter une plus large quantité d'énergie provenant des étoiles dans les galaxies plus actives à former des étoiles.Les profiles radiaux en masse de poussière sont moins bien décrits que les profils en masse stellaire par des profiles de Sersic. Par ailleurs pour les ajustements acceptables par des fonctions de Sersic, les distributions statistiques des indices de Sersic et des rayons de demi masse totale ont des largeurs statistiques plus grandes pour la poussière que pour les étoiles.J'ai également trouvé que le rapport densité surfacique maximum de poussière sur densité surfacique maximum d'étoile est un facteur important à considérer pour expliquer la variation avec le type morphologique du rapport densité surfacique d'énergie interceptée par la poussière sur densité surfacique d'énergie émise par les étoiles. Cette variation pourrait être liée à une variation entre les galaxies de la force de la structure spirale. / In my PHD work I explored the links between the physical properties of interstellar dust and other components of nearby spiral galaxies especially their stellar content. I worked on 46 disk galaxies from KINGFISH with IRAC/MIPS/PACS/SPIRE maps (3.6 - 500 microns). A bias is usually introduced in estimating disk orientations by using only a single surface brightness isophote. Thus I devised different surface brightness levels separated by constant steps in surface brightness and extracted isophotes at these levels in all FIR maps as well as in all IRAC 4.5 microns maps. To further assess the coherence of the shapes of isophotes across galactic disks, I built a quantitative indicator of the difference in shape between two ellipses with same center and same semi-major axis.I defined an acceptable level of difference between isophote shapes, by comparing disk orientations found in litterature. Using this level, I found regions inside the galactic disks where the isophotal shapes are similar. From these, I extracted one disk orientation per wavelength band. I found in the vast majority of the disk galaxy maps, be it dominated by stellar or dust emission, that a large fraction of the isophotes I extracted are coherent with the idea of an underlying disk. Comparing, for each galaxy, disk orientations extracted at all wavelengths, I found evidence in 20 galaxies out of 46, that on radial ranges as large as 1/3 of the visible disk (as measured by R25), the shapes of isophotes are morphologically similar. Thus for these 20 galaxies I devised consistent disk orientations both for the stellar and dust content. These 20 galaxies are less luminous, less emitting in the IR w.r.t. the optical, less barred, and characterized by later stage types than average. I also found that the disk orientations devised by my photometric method yield results more similar to H-alpha kinematic orientations than other photometric studies based on a single isophote level.Using the orientations I found and H-alpha dynamics disk orientations, I averaged azimuthally surface brightnesses to produce radial spectral energy distributions (SED) profiles. Once fitted with a cosmic dust emission model, they resulted in radial profiles of dust and stellar content properties. I found the dust intercepted power to be proportionnal to the product of the total dust mass and the average ISRF shining on dust. This former quantity is better correlated with the bolometric stellar luminosity than any of the dust mass or the dust heating ISRF separately. Thus the old stellar populations may be an important heating source for dust. The power intercepted by dust is also very well correlated with the total infrared power. The dust intercepts a larger quantity of power coming from stars in more actively star forming galaxies.Dust exhibit radial mass surface density profiles less well described by Sersic functions than stellar ones. When both profiles are well fitted by Sersic functions, stellar density profiles have smaller half mass radii than the isophotal optical radius (R25) separately in later type galaxies, but also in more quiescent galaxies. Sersic index and half mass radius distributions have larger widths for dust than for stellar surface density profiles.I also found that the ratio of dust over stellar surface density is an important factor to explain the variations with galactic morphological type of the ratio of dust intercepted power over the power emitted by old stellar populations. This later link could be intertwined with spiral structure strength in stage types later than 2.

We will create a class of generalized ellipses and explore their ability to define a distance on a space and generate continuous, periodic functions. Connections between these continuous, periodic functions and the generalizations of trigonometric functions known in the literature shall be established along with connections between these generalized ellipses and some spectrahedral projections onto the plane, more specifically the well-known multifocal ellipses. The superellipse, or Lam\'{e} curve, will be a special case of the generalized ellipse. Applications of these generalized ellipses shall be explored with regards to some one-dimensional systems of classical mechanics. We will adopt the Ramberg-Osgood relation for stress and strain ubiquitous in engineering mechanics and define a general internal bending moment for which this expression, and several others, are special cases. We will then apply this general bending moment to some one-dimensional Euler beam-columns along with the continuous, periodic functions we developed with regard to the generalized ellipse. This will allow us to construct new solutions for critical buckling loads of Euler columns and deflections of beam-columns under very general engineering material requirements without some of the usual assumptions associated with the Ramberg-Osgood relation.

In my PHD work I explored the links between the physical properties of interstellar dust and other components of nearby spiral galaxies especially their stellar content. I worked on 46 disk galaxies from KINGFISH with IRAC/MIPS/PACS/SPIRE maps (3.6 - 500 microns). A bias is usually introduced in estimating disk orientations by using only a single surface brightness isophote. Thus I devised different surface brightness levels separated by constant steps in surface brightness and extracted isophotes at these levels in all FIR maps as well as in all IRAC 4.5 microns maps. To further assess the coherence of the shapes of isophotes across galactic disks, I built a quantitative indicator of the difference in shape between two ellipses with same center and same semi-major axis.I defined an acceptable level of difference between isophote shapes, by comparing disk orientations found in litterature. Using this level, I found regions inside the galactic disks where the isophotal shapes are similar. From these, I extracted one disk orientation per wavelength band. I found in the vast majority of the disk galaxy maps, be it dominated by stellar or dust emission, that a large fraction of the isophotes I extracted are coherent with the idea of an underlying disk. Comparing, for each galaxy, disk orientations extracted at all wavelengths, I found evidence in 20 galaxies out of 46, that on radial ranges as large as 1/3 of the visible disk (as measured by R25), the shapes of isophotes are morphologically similar. Thus for these 20 galaxies I devised consistent disk orientations both for the stellar and dust content. These 20 galaxies are less luminous, less emitting in the IR w.r.t. the optical, less barred, and characterized by later stage types than average. I also found that the disk orientations devised by my photometric method yield results more similar to H-alpha kinematic orientations than other photometric studies based on a single isophote level.Using the orientations I found and H-alpha dynamics disk orientations, I averaged azimuthally surface brightnesses to produce radial spectral energy distributions (SED) profiles. Once fitted with a cosmic dust emission model, they resulted in radial profiles of dust and stellar content properties. I found the dust intercepted power to be proportionnal to the product of the total dust mass and the average ISRF shining on dust. This former quantity is better correlated with the bolometric stellar luminosity than any of the dust mass or the dust heating ISRF separately. Thus the old stellar populations may be an important heating source for dust. The power intercepted by dust is also very well correlated with the total infrared power. The dust intercepts a larger quantity of power coming from stars in more actively star forming galaxies.Dust exhibit radial mass surface density profiles less well described by Sersic functions than stellar ones. When both profiles are well fitted by Sersic functions, stellar density profiles have smaller half mass radii than the isophotal optical radius (R25) separately in later type galaxies, but also in more quiescent galaxies. Sersic index and half mass radius distributions have larger widths for dust than for stellar surface density profiles.I also found that the ratio of dust over stellar surface density is an important factor to explain the variations with galactic morphological type of the ratio of dust intercepted power over the power emitted by old stellar populations. This later link could be intertwined with spiral structure strength in stage types later than 2.