This thesis examines the immigration to and long-term settlement in post-Soviet Armenia of Armenians from well-established diasporic communities - mostly from Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Canada, and the United States. It argues that diverse levels and combinations of anchoring and floating co-exist in the diasporan returnees' return motivations, post-return integration experiences, and identity and belonging (re)conceptualization processes. They are manifested in the returnees' habitual dispositions, imaginative aspirations, and practical considerations, which develop within a particular sociohistorical environment. The study also considers the changes that occur over time in the structural context and in the ways returnees engage with it. It demonstrates that the inclination of returnees toward more rooted or more mobile directions depends, to a large extent, on their diasporic community background, the generation they belong to, and more immediate factors related to their life-cycle stages. Throughout the analysis, the important role of emotions in the return visions and experiences is highlighted. The thesis makes an empirical contribution by studying the largely uncharted case of Armenian diasporic return in the post-Soviet era. At a more theoretical level, it promotes a balanced approach that goes beyond the overemphasis on mobility and the relative neglect of sedentarism that have characterized many works in the fields of diaspora and migration studies over the past few decades. Underlying this balanced path is the goal of recognizing the equal importance of and complex inter-relationship between human agency and objective structures. To this end, the thesis relies on a theoretical framework based primarily on some of Pierre Bourdieu's key conceptual tools, with certain modifications. Thus, the study frames the topic of long-term diasporic return migration within broader social theory. This way, not only does it link diasporic return to paradigms in migration and diaspora studies, but it also views it from a wider angle of social action.

This thesis covers the analysis of current UK economic issues relating to immigration and the labour market. In particular, since the late 1990s, the UK has experienced increasing immigration inflows significantly affecting both the economy and society as a whole. In parallel, over the last two decades the country has undergone other substantial changes in the structure of the labour market, primarily due to an intrinsic rapid educational upgrading and the pervasive effect of technological change. Chapter 1 studies immigrant assimilation by comparing the life satisfaction of immigrants across different generations against that of their native peers. Chapter 2 develops and empircally tests a model to explain the channels through which heterogeneous firms may adjust their product and process innovation activities in response to local labour supply shocks such as immigration inflows. Chapter 3 estimates the causal effect of technological exposure on UK local labour markets while providing suggestive evidence on the role of changes in the composition of the labour force.

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This is a study of some of the major aspects of the development of post-colonial labour policy in Zambia. It examines the Zambian Government's attempts to 'incorporate' trade unions into its strategy of national development. Except for such later references as it was possible to include, it covers the period from 1971 to 1986. The purpose of the study is to examine the role played by law in the Zambian Government's attempts to incorporate trade unions and the rank and file sufficiently in the plans for national development. Zambian trade unions at independence were quite autonomous. Given the power and autonomy of trade unions, their attitude and approach have been viewed by the Government as crucial elements of national development. The Government has, therefore, progressively adopted measures aimed at the closer control and regulation of the trade union movement and its membership. In spite of such attempts, however, the approach in Zambia has been less coercive than in some other African countries. The Government has tended to rely on "pressure rather than force". In this context government reforms are examined in four key areas: the regulation of trade union activity, the restructuring of collective bargaining (including incomes policy), industrial conflict and dispute settlement procedures, and workers' participation. It is concluded that the Government has not achieved its stated major objectives. Although trade unions and their members have generally accepted the Government's overall authority to set the agenda of national development, they have resisted attempts to curtail their autonomy. It is on account of this failure that the Government now intends to integrate trade unions into the State completely.

The landscape of world migration involves multiple interacting movements of people at various geographic scales, posing significant challenges to the dyadic-independence assumption underlying standard migration models. To account for emerging patterns of multilateral migration relationships, we represent world migration as a time-evolving, spatial network. The nodes in the World Migration Network (WMN) are countries located in geographic space, and the edges represent migratory movements for each decade from 1960-2000. In the first part of the thesis, we characterise the spatial network structure of the WMN, with a particular focus on detecting and mapping mesoscopic structures called 'communities' (i.e., sets of countries with denser migration connections internally than to the rest of the WMN). We employ a method for community detection that simultaneously accounts for multilateral migration, spatial constraints, time-dependence, and directionality in the WMN. We then introduce an approach for characterising local (intracommunity) and global (intercommunity) connectivity in the WMN. On this basis, we define a threefold typology that distinguishes 'cave', 'bi-regional', and 'bridging' communities. These are characterised with distinct migration patterns, spatial network structures, and temporal dynamics: cave communities are tightly-knit enduring structures that channel local migration between contiguous countries; bi-regional communities merge migration between two distinct geographic regions; bridging communities have hub-and-spoke dynamic structures that emerge from globe-spanning movements. Our results suggest that the WMN is neither a globally interconnected network nor reproducing geographic boundaries but involves heterogeneous patterns of global and local ('glocal') migration connectivity. We examine a set of relational, homophily, and spatial mechanisms that could have possibly generated the 'glocal' structure we observe. We found that communities of different types arise from significantly different mechanisms. Our results suggest that migration communities can have important implications for world migration, as different types of community structure provide distinct opportunities and constraints, thereby distinctively shaping future migration patterns.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 52.pdf: 295794 bytes, checksum: 469bb9455ccb2fdc6f7b1027f799c435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / No início da década de 1870, a imigração torna-se preocupação central das elites brasileiras. Com a visível falência do regime escravocrata, os agricultores são levados a pensar em novas formas de trabalho e como conseguir novos braços para a lavoura. Assim, a discussão sobre possíveis formas de imigração e sobre o tipo racial do imigrante torna-se um dos grandes desafios do Brasil das últimas décadas do século XIX. Em meio a este contexto, debates sobre a conveniência da contratação de trabalhadores chineses mobilizaram as elites. Destes debates, participou o Dr. Nicolau Joaquim Moreira, que considerava fundamental a participação dos médicos, tanto na escolha de um tipo de imigrante ideal, quanto na preocupação em manter os imigrantes saudáveis e produtivos.

British imperial culture and indigenous patriarchy both work to subjugate women. There is very little room for resistance. Madness as protest is a dominant theme in Victorian literature as well as late twentieth-century postcolonial writing by women. This thesis refashions our understanding of the madwoman trope by investigating writers’ use of it to capture the diverse experiences of ‘other’ madwomen. Instead of a strictly Eurocentric approach to female protagonists’ experiences of madness, the thesis places British imperial literary culture in the nineteenth century alongside postcolonial writing by women, whether in the Caribbean (Dominica), South Asia (India) or the Middle East and North Africa (Jordan and Egypt). Jeans Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea, Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things, Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt and Miral Al-Tahawy’s The Tent are placed alongside Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. A transnational approach is necessary to establish commonality between Eastern and Western women’s literary experiences of madness. Such commonality persistently emerges, once one is alert to its possibility, despite the often obvious differences between literary madwomen’s experiences in a transnational frame. The relationship between madness and empire, madness and patriarchy, and madwomen as agents of resistance is exemplified throughout the thesis by closely analysing each literary text.

O canto popular se constitui como uma das expressões de maior significado dentre as manifestações de tradição oral da imigração italiana no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul e reforça os traços de uma identidade cultural e de uma memória dos descendentes de imigrantes. O projeto ECIRS (Elementos Cuturais da Imigração Italiana no Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul) realizou, na década de 1980, o levantamento e registro das canções interpretadas na região, resultando num acervo de aproximadamente 400 canções. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o processo de construção de sentido na performance das canções que compõem o acervo do Cancioneiro Popular da Imigração Italiana e, a partir disso, identificar de que forma os sentidos atribuídos à sua performance contribuem para a manutenção de uma memória da imigração italiana. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo comparativo, a partir do grupo de canções ainda interpretadas, visando identificar o processo de construção de novas memórias e de novos sentidos atribuídos à prática de cantar. A partir de discussões sobre Cultura Popular, se estabelece a relação entre o hábito de cantar com a formação de uma identidade cultural do descendente de imigrante italiano. Da mesma forma, explica-se que o sentido no Cancioneiro Popular da Imigração Italiana acontece em sua performance, e que todos os elementos que a constituem participam na construção de sentido, devendo-se considerar os processos individuais, sociais e culturais. Como metodologia de análise, utilizou-se a abordagem de José Luiz Martinez que, baseado na semiótica peirceana, propõe que a investigação musical deva acontecer nos campos da Semiose Musical, da Representação Musical e da Interpretação Musical. As análises realizadas nesta pesquisa demonstraram que, na atualidade, existe um certo caráter de politização no processo de formação de sentido das canções, visto que as formações corais partem de iniciativas públicas e privadas, muitas vezes associadas a um discurso sobre políticas patrimoniais. Da mesma forma, foi possível identificar que alguns signos e estruturas musicais têm importante papel na formação de sentido das canções. Por fim, foi possível estabelecer que o sentido atribuído à prática das canções é também construído a partir de um sistema gestáltico, em que os hábitos de escuta e gerações de expectativas individuais fazem parte do processo. O sentido atribuído às canções é estabelecido no sistema e na inter-relação entre todos os elementos que as constituem no momento de sua performance, elementos estes formados a partir do uso e contexto social e cultural. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-03-04T12:33:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Patricia Pereira Porto.pdf: 22257076 bytes, checksum: e0645498d30b137b91e84fbdfb1c6b39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T12:33:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Patricia Pereira Porto.pdf: 22257076 bytes, checksum: e0645498d30b137b91e84fbdfb1c6b39 (MD5) / Popular singing is one of the most meaningful expressions of the oral tradition left by itallian imigration in northeast Rio Grande do Sul, as it bonds both the cultural identity and memories of descendants of immigrants. During the 1980’s, the ECIRS project (Cultural Elements of Italian Imigration in the North East of Rio Grande do Sul) has surveyed and recorded a repertoire of more than 400 songs in the “Cancioneiro Popular da Imigração Italiana” collection. This research aims to understand the meaning processes in those performances, in order to study how the meanings attributed to their performance contribute to the maintenance of descendants of immigrants memories. Songs still sung by descendants of immigrants were selected for a comparative study, aiming to identify the construction process of new memories and meanings attributed to the singing practice. Relationships between the singing practices and the cultural identities of descendants of Italian immigrants were estabilished based on currrent Popular Culture studies. This work also proposes that the meanings in the “Cancioneiro Popular da Imigração Italiana” are derived not only from its performance but as well from many individual, social and cultural elements, all inextricably intertwined. The analysis methodology was based on José Luiz Martinez approach, inspired by Pierce’s semiotics, which proposes that musical inquiry should take in account the fields of Musical Semiosis, Musical Representation and Performance Practice.The analysis has shown that, nowadays, politics also plays a role in the construction of meanings in those songs, as choral ensembles usually originate from public or private iniciatives, usually associated with certain preservation politics discourses. It was also possible to identify that certain signs and musical structures are integral to the meaning processes in those songs, and that the meaning attributed to the pratice of those songs is also constructed in a gestalt-like fashion, in which listening habits and generations of individual expectations partake. The meanings attributed to those songs are estabilished both in the system as well as in the inter-relationship between all elements that constitute them during the performance, formed from their social and cultural context.

O tema sobre migrações tem repercutido na sociedade devido ao número considerável de fluxos migratórios que estão ocorrendo atualmente. No Rio Grande do Sul, esse fluxo tem crescido e por isso aumentado o interesse pela pesquisa na área. Dessa maneira esse estudo tem como objetivo investigar as condições de hospitalidade em alguns setores privados e públicos de Caxias do Sul que atendem os migrantes, a fim de entender os mecanismos utilizados por essas instituições que os acolhem. A discussão da migração mostra as dificuldades das instituições em aceitarem a chegada do outro na cidade. Portanto, para entender melhor as questões sobre imigrantes e população local, é necessário compreender a hospitalidade. No caso de Caxias do Sul, percebe-se que, assim como os imigrantes do passado, os senegaleses procuram o município por motivos laborais. Porém, esse fluxo causa conflitos e impactos culturais pelas diferenças que os caracterizam. O estudo fez uso do método de análise de conteúdo para compreender os discursos presentes nas entrevistas com dez representantes da esfera pública e privada da cidade de Caxias do Sul. Como resultados da pesquisa, fica evidente que existem compreensões distintas do fenômeno hospitalidade entre os sujeitos entrevistados. As categorias analíticas que emergiram desses discursos mostram a dificuldade de receber, o ato de receber e as contradições visíveis que a cidade enfrenta ao receber. As categorias são: a hospitalidade como ato de acolhimento, a hospitalidade como virtude e caridade, a alteridade, a presença do preconceito como sinal de hostilidade, a ética e a hospitalidade e as dificuldades da cidade no acolhimento.Os resultados apontam que há uma diferença no atendimento dos migrantes pela esfera pública e pela esfera privada. Os conflitos dentro da cidade são manifestações de agressão física, racismo e xenofobia mesmo que haja grupos que acolhem e auxiliam os migrantes no ambiente fabril e nas diversas demandas sociais necessárias para a inserção na cidade. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-04-13T18:30:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caroline da Silva Camargo.pdf: 954169 bytes, checksum: 4f62feb197772e36d20f125fa9722b75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T18:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caroline da Silva Camargo.pdf: 954169 bytes, checksum: 4f62feb197772e36d20f125fa9722b75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-13 / Human migration has been an important theme in society due to the considerable number of migration movements happening lately. In Rio Grande do Sul this movement has increased and as a result there is a greater interest in this research area. Thus, this study intends to investigate the hospitality conditions of some of the private and public services that attend immigrants in the city of Caxias do Sul in order to understand how these institutions proceed to receive migrants. The discussion over the human migration movement exposes the institution’s intricacies to accept the incoming migranting people in the city. The aim is to better understand the quality of receiving these migrants. For example, in the city of Caxias do Sul is notable that immigrants from the past, like the Senegalese, immigrated to Brazil for labor reasons. However, this migration caused cultural conflicts and impacts due to the different characteristics from each people. The current study uses the content analysis method to comprehend the present speeches in interviews with ten spokesperson from the public and the private scope of the Caxias do Sul County. As research results point out, it is clear that there are different understandings on the hospitality matter among the people interviewed. The analytical categories that emerged from these discourses show the difficulty of receiving, the act of receiving and visible contradictions that the city faces when receiving migrants. The categories are: hospitality as reception, hospitality as virtue and charity, alterity, the presence of prejudice as a sign of hostility, ethic and hospitality, and the difficulties of the city in welcoming. The results show that there is a difference in the care by the public and the private domain. The conflicts in the city are a manifestation of physical aggression, racism, and xenophobia even though there are groups that welcome and assist the migrants outside the manufacturing surroundings and on a variety of required social demands for their inclusion in the city.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Public Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / Thousands of refugees fleeing from surrounding war-torn and destitute African countries come to South Africa hoping to live in safety. Refugee service providers play a major role in providing services to help refugees achieve self-sufficiency soon after entering the country, and the support and assistance required to rebuild their lives and integrate into South African society. The study investigated issues facing refugees in South Africa, particularly in Cape Town, and how service providers assist them in overcoming the hardships of being unprepared in a foreign country. The researcher followed a mixed methods approach, implementing both qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore services provided to refugees in Cape Town by three refugee service providers, namely the Agency for Refugee Education, Skills Training and Advocacy (ARESTA), Cape Town Refugee Centre (CTRC) and Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town (SCCT). Quantitative data was collected by administering a survey questionnaire to 120 refugees, all clients of the selected service providers, to obtain their perceptions about the services they receive. The researcher also conducted semi-structured interviews with senior staff of two of the service providers to gain insight into the services offered and challenges they face in assisting their clients. The study revealed that the majority of clients received assistance, with 75 percent of respondents reporting having received assistance and only 6.67 percent reporting not having received the requested assistance. However, some who had received services indicated too few services were on offer for them to choose from; they took what was offered although these may not have been what they really required. Reasons some refugees do not get services include lack of proper documentation and problems related to the non-availability of the services required by refugees. This is largely due to insufficient funding to provide needed services, and results in refugee service providers either serving only a few people or providing insufficient aid. The study highlights good practices, suggests improvements and concludes with recommendations for the key stakeholders concerned.