This project explores the history of Germans in Canada: their experiences prior to, during, and after the Second World War. The primary focus of this project will be on the construction of the German Canadian identity in the years after the Second World War. I contend that German Canadian immigrants from the post-war years experienced discrimination and negativity which forced them to submerge their true identities. This submersion has left us with a weak German Canadian culture today-it is one based on the outdated notion of "oom-pa-pa" bands and Schuhplattler dancers. As this culture-and the people who perpetuate it-die off, we are left with a German Canadian culture and identity that is more and more Canadian. This project is primarily composed of a literature review and will use Erving GofFman's theory on stigma and spoiled identities. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T08:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_JoseCarlosAlves_D.pdf: 12999130 bytes, checksum: 97f07c4fb02eb4d3f26100bb7ab9b545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Pesquisas recentes revelam que muitos jovens rurais têm se integrado a fluxos migratórios articulando habitação, lazer e trabalho entre campo e cidade, como uma forma de viabilizar projetos de melhores condições de vida para si ou suas famílias, ou ainda, para tornar viável a constituição de novas unidades familiares. Nessas migrações, sobressai a migração nacional de caráter sazonal. Mas, simultaneamente e reagindo às precárias condições de trabalho, ou almejando realizar um sonho de bonança, os jovens se enveredam em rotas de migração internacional e expressam novas formas de organização de redes de migrantes e lutas por reconhecimento. Nessa pesquisa, procuro analisar as articulações entre amigos, parentes, agenciadores e a migração sazonal nacional como um canal de acesso à migração internacional de jovens rurais do Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG para Portugal, Espanha em um contexto de contrabando humano, migração de retorno, supressão ou restrição do direito de migrar, lutas por reconhecimento e expectativas de alcançar melhor padrão de vida / Abstract: Recent research shows that many young people from rural areas have integrated flux of migration articulating housing; leisure and work between country and city, as a way of accomplish projects better living condition for themselves or their families, or accomplish the creation of new family units. In these migrations, stand out the migrations national of seasonal character. But, simultaneously, and reacting precarious conditions of work, or aiming to realize a dream of prosperity, the young people accessing international migration routes, and they express new forms of organization of social networks. In this research, I analyze the connections between friends, kin, migration agents clandestine, and the seasonal migration national as a channel of access to international migration of rural youth of Jequitinhonha Valley for Portugal, Spain in a paradoxical context of return migration, suppression or restriction the right to migrate, and expectations of to achieve better standard of living / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador : Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_Fabiola_M.pdf: 7848786 bytes, checksum: d2efd060ae94bdd4990e5dbc9c5254fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Essa dissertação pretende analisar a inter-relação estabelecida entre deslocamentos populacionais e estruturação urbana no curso do processo de constituição historica do municipio de Votuporanga. Desse modo, a análise desse estudo de caso pretende elucidar os processos sócio-demográficos e sua articulação com as dinâmicas econômicas historicamente constituídas, que permitem recuperar, lato sensu, as bases da formação social, econômica e urbana dos pequenos e médios municípios à oeste da malha urbana paulista. As evidências empíricas e as análises teóricas permitiram, ainda, avançar no conhecimento das transformações advindas da recente reestruturação do pólo moveleiro de Votuporanga, na sua articulação com a dinâmica urbana e os deslocamentos populacionais que têm engendrado inflexões na estrutura urbana do município / Abstract: This dissertation discusses the interrelationships established between demographic displacements and urban structuring in the process of the historical constitution of the municipality of Votuporanga, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This case study is thus analyzed with the aim of clarifying the socio-demographic processes involved and their articulation with the historically constituted economic dynamics. With this, lato sensu, bases of the social, economic and urban formation of the small and medium-sized municipalities to the west of the urban sprawl of São Paulo are brought to light. Empirical evidence and theoretical analyses also made it possible to advance in knowledge regarding the transformations that took place in the recent restructuring of the furniture manufacturing industry in the town of Votuporanga, in its articulation with the urban dynamics and the demographic displacements that have brought about changes in the urban structure of that municipality / Mestrado / Demografia

This thesis explores the relationships between immigration and labour mar- kets. The work consists of three empirical papers that examine particular aspects of this relationship. The first paper investigates the hypothesis that immigrants are attracted by a particular labour market institution, the minimum wage. The empirical analysis is implemented by assessing the impact that an exogenous increase in the federal USA minimum wage has on the immigration ows of low-skilled individuals. The main findings are that low-wage workers move to States where the growth of the minimum wage is larger, while high-wage individuals are insensitive to the policy. The second paper analyses the effects of immigration in the host labour market, in particular on the mobility of previous residents. The main objective is to investigate if inflows of recent immigrants determine an out-migration of natives and earlier immigrants. This is achieved by analysing patterns of internal mi- gration using information on the local authority of origin and destination and on the skill level of individuals. The analysis demonstrates that, while UK-born individuals and recent immigrants move to similar locations, earlier immigrants are instead displaced, suggesting closer substitutability with the newcomers. The impact of ethnic networks on employment outcomes is the final topic of the thesis. The important feature of this study is to examine this effect separately for immigrants and natives. This is achieved by analysing detailed data on ethnic enclaves from two Censuses of England and Wales, which are used to construct an index that captures local interactions. The results show that, for the majority of immigrant groups, a larger informal network is associated with higher employ- ment probabilities. For the group of natives, there is no evidence that living in an enclave is detrimental to employment, and the eect is, at worst, zero.

No description available.

No description available.

This dissertation examines the effects of migration and remittances on family members left behind in sending areas. It consists of a systematic review of the literature on the effects of remittances on recipients’ health and empirical analyses that examine the effects of migration and remittances on medical spending and women’s empowerment. In 2019, 270 million international migrants sent over $530 billion dollars in remittances to their home countries. This project advances the literature on the effects of these processes. The empirical analyses use panel and cross-sectional survey data from the 2013 and 2018 waves of the Kerala Migration Survey, a large-scale longitudinal survey conducted in Kerala, India that followed the families of thousands of migrants from 1998 to 2018. The panel analyses used logistic and linear fixed-effects models, and the cross-sectional analyses used factor analysis, linear regression, and two-step Heckman selection models to assess the effects of migration and remittances on medical spending and women’s empowerment. The review found that migration and remittances play an important role in shaping health among individuals in transnational families. Remittances had the most pronounced benefits in areas with limited resources and social protections. They improved health by enabling households to pay for healthy food, medical treatment, and housing, and they improved mental health by easing financial constraints. Remittances were less beneficial in areas with strong safety nets, support systems, and community ties because family members were not dependent on remittances to provide basic needs. Migration and remittances shaped medical spending. Panel and cross-sectional analyses found that migrant households spent more money on medical expenses compared to non-migrant households. The panel analysis found that, compared to non-migrant households, households that received low levels of remittances spent less on medical care and households that received high levels of remittances spent a greater amount of money on medical care. After adjusting for health status and covariates, the cross-sectional analysis found positive and linear relationships between remittances and amount of medical spending. Although out-of-pocket costs of medical care in India can be high and although remittances are often used to maintain and increase social status, remittances were positively associated with increased medical spending in transnational families. Migration and remittances also influenced dimensions of women’s empowerment. They increased women’s management of household responsibilities, including decision-making and income control. However, migration decreased women’s internalized social status and neither migration nor remittances had meaningful effects on spousal attitudes. These findings suggest that women in migrant households may have taken on more household responsibilities, but their social status did not improve. This dissertation’s results suggest that migration and remittances influence health outcomes, certain dimensions of women’s empowerment, and ability to pay for to medical care in Kerala and other settings. However, their effects vary by context and indicators used to measure outcomes. Programs and policies should maximize the benefits of migration and remittances while reducing their associated harms.

This dissertation is a study of the construction of the ‘illegality’ of migration in the Central Mediterranean region from the mid-twentieth century to the present across genres, disciplines and media. Reading a heterogenous set of sources ranging from film to poetry and from parliamentary debates to legal opinions, this dissertation posits the ‘illegality’ of human mobility as a process and not an ontological trait, demonstrating its fluidity and tracking some of its most salient changes over time. Moreover, it argues that these notions of ‘illegality,’ which developed and are interrogated in legal discourse and aesthetic practices, are significantly altered as they circulate across linguistic boundaries even though they continue to be understood as stable and neutral labels. They form a grammar of illegalization the contested semantics of which are simultaneously national and transnational. This dissertation finally suggests that we understand the illegalization of migration as a multilingual object that is written and constructed across multiple discourses and disciplines, and asks that we tend to its grammar as a way to denaturalize and, eventually, attempt to rewrite the ‘illegality’ of human mobility.

“Detention Power” asks how immigrant incarceration became a critical tool in constructing American sovereignty, and how the federal government convinced local governments, businesses, and communities to become collaborators in immigration policing. It illustrates how the U.S. immigration service built both ideological and economic relationships with municipalities, enabling the federal government to jail thousands of migrants awaiting hearings and deportations long before the advent of federal immigration detention centers in 1980. As early as 1900, the immigration service relied on an expansive system of contracts with county sheriffs to “board out” immigrants in county jails. Towns capitalized on these contracts by expanding their jails and, in some cases, building separate “migrant jails” to secure federal detainees, effectively transforming incarcerated migrants into local commodities. I trace the immigration service’s use of jails from the era of Chinese Exclusion to the era of ICE, looking to rural communities throughout the country that became the unlikely hubs of incarceration for immigrants and refugees from Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and beyond. This work challenges the historiography which has identified immigration detention as a product of the Cold War era, influenced by the law-and-order movement of the late twentieth century. It is among the first work to center the role of local politics in the rise of the deportation state, arguing that though immigration regulation was a federal responsibility, deportations were impossible to carry out without local cooperation and local jails.

Uruguay’s public education system is at the center of a complex web of contradictory forces concerning contemporary migration to the country and migrant students. The country’s educators are part of a system that has historically interpellated them to assimilate migrant students around a problematic national imagination of homogeneity, modernity, and European heritage. These educators are also members of the larger Uruguayan society where discriminatory bias against recent migration to the country prevails, especially against migrants from the Global South. While Uruguay’s rights-based migration legislation and policy aim to promote the sociocultural integration of migrants, the measures taken thus far have overwhelmingly focused on migration management. In effect, the State has placed the responsibility for the sociocultural integration of migrants on the public education system. Specifically, the Council of Early Childhood and Primary Education created the Migrations Commission to promote inclusive education for the growing number of migrant children and youth arriving in the country’s public schools. The Migrations Commission implemented a professional development course to train educators on inclusion and interculturalidad to adequately serve migrant students and their families. However, limited data are available regarding the creation and implementation of this professional development and the impact it had on educators and their work with migrant students. To address these gaps, this study employed a qualitative methodology to examine the State’s efforts, through the Migrations Commission, to support inclusive education for migrant students and the impact of these efforts on educators. Data collection included the following: interviews with eight Migrations Commission members and affiliates, 17 educators who participated in the commission’s professional development, 10 educators from a school in which the principal had completed the professional development, and eight educators at another school who had no experience with the professional development; 15 instances of participant observation with educators in the aforementioned schools who had migrant students in their classrooms; and analysis of documents produced by and about the Migrations Commission. An analysis of the Migrations Commission’s discourse reveals the continued persistence of assimilation as a competing theoretical model for understanding the incorporation of migrant students and their families both in the country’s public education system and the larger social context. The presence of contradictory perspectives (inclusive education/interculturalidad versus assimilation) was also found among educators, both at the discursive level of pedagogical understanding and the pragmatic level of school practices. Therefore, this inquiry concludes that the State’s efforts to date have not been enough to effect significant and lasting change in the country’s education system. In addition, the study’s findings indicate that Uruguay’s educators, including those who participated in the Migrations Commission’s professional development that specifically focused on inclusion and interculturalidad, remain uncertain about how to implement inclusive and intercultural practices in their schools and classrooms and continue to be influenced by the education system’s historical mandate to assimilate migrant students into the national hegemonic culture as well as by stereotypes and prejudicial assumptions embraced by the larger society regarding migrants. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy recommendations to inform the Migrations Commission’s work to advance inclusive education for migrant students in Uruguay’s early childhood and primary education public schools and outlines future lines of research to contribute to the academic production on inclusion in education beyond the specific case of Uruguay.